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DRR Folow-Up Mission Philippines Draft 3 Final

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DRR Folow-Up Mission Philippines Draft 3 Final DRR- Follow-up Team Mission Report – February 2017 Central Luzon, the Philippines Page 1 - DRR follow up missions Central Luzon, the Phillippines Document title DRR team Central Luzon Follow-up Mission Report Status Draft Date 28 February 2017 Project name Arsenic Contamination in Central Luzon, the Philippines Drafted by Branislav Petrusevski, Theo Kleinendorst, Ferdi Battes & Rudolf Muijtjens Checked by Rudolf Muijtjens, DOH Page 2 - DRR follow up missions Central Luzon, the Phillippines Table of Contents 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Short course in Water Quality............................................................................................................. 7 3. Additional groundwater sampling .................................................................................................... 11 3.1 Location of sampling ................................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Data management ...................................................................................................................... 12 3.3 Groundwater Quality Assessment .............................................................................................. 13 4. Ground water quality analyses ........................................................................................................ 16 4.1 Assessment of selected laboratories in Philippines .................................................................... 16 4.2 Assessment of Arsenator arsenic test kit .................................................................................... 17 4.2 Pilot plant for water treatment testing....................................................................................... 19 5. Conclusions and update of Work Plan ............................................................................................ 20 Annex I – List of short course participants ............................................................................................ 24 Annex II – Questionnaires filled by 2 selected laboratories in Philippines ........................................... 25 book II – lecture notes 1) Introduction to Ground Water Supply and treatment By Rudolf Muijtjens – Project Manager with Royal HaskoningDHV Philippines 2) Introduction to Groundwater as source for drinking water production Branislav Petrusevski – Associated Professor UNESCO-IHE Page 3 - DRR follow up missions Central Luzon, the Phillippines 1 Introduction In August 2014, the Department of Health Regional Office 3 (RO3) was informed about the first case of arsenicosis (poisoning by arsenic), in Lubao, Pampanga province. Data validation from five barangays in the same city showed 215 residents had consulted with similar dermatological symptoms between 2010 and 2014. This started a large health monitoring and water quality monitoring program in and near Lubao. Arsenic concentration in many samples was found to be above the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water for arsenic [> 10 µg/l]. A deep well with a very high Arsenic concentration was decommissioned. A small reverse osmosis plant (later replaced by an adsorption filter unit) was installed in one area. To date, 93 patients were admitted to the Hospital for diagnostic follow-up and dermatological management. Work on the arsenic contamination had been a collaborative activity among the Department of Health, Department of Science and Technology, Department of Environment and Natural Resources - -National Water Resources Board, University of the Philippines National Poison Management and Control Center, Local Waterworks and Utilities Administration, and the concerned Local Government Units. WHO provided technical support through 2-week visits by 2 consultants in the period 10-20th May 2015. Bilateral relations between the Netherlands and the Philippines are strong and marked by close cooperation in a variety of areas, economic being a major one. The Netherlands Embassy in Manila has identified water management as one of its sector priorities and has been promoting and supporting Dutch interest in the Philippines in this area. There are complementarity the DRR-Team activities taking place in Tacloban, where a coastal defense master plan is going to be developed in collaboration with the PRA and the DRR-Team activities taking place in the development of a Manila Bay master plan in collaboration with the NEDA. The DRR-team visited stakeholders in Manila, collected data and analyzed data prior to the field trip to the affected area in the period 12-14 October 2015, namely the area south and southwest of Pinatubo: Lubao, Porac, Mabalacat and Clark. On November 9 th a workshop took place in Den Haag, the Netherlands where firms with a particular interest in arsenic contamination were invited. The minutes of meeting of this brainstorm session is added in Annex B of the main report. Page 4 - DRR follow up missions Central Luzon, the Phillippines Summary of Findings of the first mission (October 2015) The following was observed (headlines): • Arsenic is widely present in the visited area. Many arsenic values in drinking water samples are close to the standard or slightly above the standard of 10 µg/l. The problem, however, seems to concentrate on the city of Lubao (150,000 population) and in particular certain areas in Lubao, with values that very locally peak up to 300 µg/l; • These very high values are possibly be attributed to a combination of natural and man- made components (e.g. industry, deep wells); • There was a serious difference between the arsenic concentration as measured by Unesco- IHE and the 3 local labs (Unesco-IHE measured significantly higher values in several sample). This may indicate that arsenic concentrations could be higher than currently reported, and that some of local labs apply analytical methods that are not appropriate for low arsenic concentrations of relevance for public health; • The 18 soil samples didn’t show any alarming arsenic levels in specific areas tested, except the sample taken at the paper mill. Also a (1 no.) rice sample didn’t show any significant arsenic presence; • Data sampling is still too limited in the number of parameters analyzed, and regional spread, and a good database is lacking; • The RO plant was out of operation. The treatment results were apparently initially good but the operation too expensive (electricity, membranes); • Arsenic concentration is higher in the uncontrolled shallow hand wells compared to LWD owned deep wells; • The operation of the Lubao water supply company is not optimal. Half the population uses the shallow wells with hand pumps (with higher Arsenic concentration). In August 2016 an extension of the project was agreed upon results presented in this report. Some initial delays occurred on both sides resulting in a 3 month delay of the follow-up short mission. The final mission consisted of Mr Rudolf Muijtjens (Royal HaskoningDHV, Water Supply expert), Associate Professor Branislav Petrusevski (IHE-Delft Institute for Water Education, water quality and treatment expert), Mr Theo Kleinendorst (ACACIA WATER, ground water expert) and Ferdi Battes (UNESCO-IHE, Lab expert) from 19 to 24 February 2017. The mission covered the following fields: 2. Short course in Water Quality 3. Additional groundwater sampling including Page 5 - DRR follow up missions Central Luzon, the Phillippines 3.1 Groundwater sampling at different locations 3.2 Data management 3.3 Groundwater Quality Assessment 4. Ground water quality analyses 4.1 Assessment of selected laboratories in Philippines 4.2 Assessment of Arsenator test kit. Page 6 - DRR follow up missions Central Luzon, the Phillippines 2. Short course in Water Quality Based on recommendation that emerged from the DRR short mission in October 2015, a short course: “Groundwater use for drinking water production: Water quality assessment and treatment” was given February 20 to 23, 2017. The short course took place in the Hotel Stotsenberg, in the Clark Freeport Zone, Pampanga, and was attended by 31 participants coming from the Philippines Department of Health (DoH), Lubao Water District, Clark Development Corporation, representatives from several laboratories and local water authorities. List of the short course participant is given in the Annex I. The short course programme consisted of two parts. In the first part Rudolf Muijtjens provided an introduction lecture on water supply concept, together with examples of Royal HaskoningDHV projects in the Philippines. This was followed by an introductory lecture on to groundwater quality and use for drinking water treatment given by Branislav Petrusevski. Further on, he gave lectures on groundwater treatment, with focused on the removal of most common groundwater impurities including iron, manganese, ammonia and arsenic. The second part of the short course addressed analytical techniques for analyses of common groundwater parameters including iron, manganese, ammonia, arsenic, phosphate and TOC / DOC (total organic carbon/dissolved organic carbon) analyses, and was given by Ferdi Battes. In addition to lectures, laboratory workshop was provided, that included demonstration of field test kits for arsenic and iron analyses. During the laboratory session, samples collected during the field campaign (see paragraph 2) were analysed jointly by DRR staff and the short course
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