Surmonter Les Obstacles: Mesures Pour Améliorer Les Salaires Et Les Conditions De Travail Dans L’Industrie Mondiale Des Vêtements Et Chaussures De Sport

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Surmonter Les Obstacles: Mesures Pour Améliorer Les Salaires Et Les Conditions De Travail Dans L’Industrie Mondiale Des Vêtements Et Chaussures De Sport Surmonter les obstacles: Mesures pour améliorer les salaires et les conditions de travail dans l’industrie mondiale des vêtements et chaussures de sport. Play Fair 2008 Surmonter les obstacles Mesures pour améliorer les salaires et les conditions de travail dans l’industrie mondiale des vêtements et chaussures de sport Table des matières Introduction ............................................................................................................................4 Des marchés asiatiques en pleine croissance..................................................................5 Des contrats de sponsoring plantureux...........................................................................6 Qui n’en tire pas profit ?.................................................................................................7 Play Fair envahit le terrain .............................................................................................8 Chapitre I: Une industrie lucrative .......................................................................................10 Qui mène la danse ?..........................................................................................................11 Fabricants transnationaux.............................................................................................12 Consolidation dans le secteur des vêtements et des chaussures de sport .....................13 Agents d’achat ..............................................................................................................14 Qu’est-ce que cela signifie pour les droits des travailleurs ? ...........................................14 Responsabilité de l’acheteur.........................................................................................15 « Participation des fournisseurs ».................................................................................15 Chapitre II: Les entreprises tardent à réagir .........................................................................18 La réponse de l’industrie au Programme de travail.....................................................18 Pourquoi les violations des droits des travailleurs sont-elles donc encore à la une ?...21 Une collaboration nécessaire........................................................................................22 Chapitre III: Quatre obstacles à franchir ..............................................................................24 Liberté d’association et négociation collective ................................................................25 Quels obstacles les travailleurs rencontrent-ils lorsqu’ils tentent de s’organiser ? ......26 Emploi précaire ................................................................................................................31 Quelle est la cause de la croissance de l’emploi précaire ?..........................................33 Fermetures d’usines..........................................................................................................36 Des impacts désastreux.................................................................................................36 Viabilité économique....................................................................................................38 Quand une usine ferme ses portes ................................................................................39 Salaire vital.......................................................................................................................40 Pourquoi les équipementiers sportifs ne paient-ils pas un salaire vital ? .....................42 Les forces du marché et la négociation collective........................................................42 Prix payés aux fournisseurs ..........................................................................................43 Définition d’un salaire vital..........................................................................................45 La productivité n’est pas une panacée..........................................................................46 Qui tient les cordons de la bourse ?..............................................................................48 Chapitre IV: Dans les coulisses du plus grand producteur mondial de chaussures de sport 49 Yue Yuen catapultée en première position.......................................................................49 Chine.............................................................................................................................50 i Indonésie.......................................................................................................................50 Vietnam ........................................................................................................................50 Le modèle corporatif Yue Yuen .......................................................................................51 Bénéfices et coûts.........................................................................................................52 L’autre histoire: Qu’en disent les travailleuses et travailleurs ?.......................................53 Horaires à rallonge et production sous pression...........................................................54 Pratiques disciplinaires et violence verbale..................................................................56 Conditions de travail dangereuses................................................................................56 Bas salaires ...................................................................................................................57 Améliorer les conditions chez Yue Yuen.........................................................................58 Pourquoi ne pas accorder un salaire vital ? ..................................................................59 Chapitre V: Les ballons de football au-delà de Sialkot........................................................60 Production de ballons de football à Jalandhar, Inde.........................................................61 Structure de l’industrie .................................................................................................61 Tendances actuelles......................................................................................................63 Salaires et taux unitaires à Jalandhar............................................................................63 Production de ballons de football en Chine......................................................................66 Salaires et temps de travail ...........................................................................................67 Santé et sécurité des travailleurs...................................................................................68 Liberté d’association ....................................................................................................68 Duperies et mensonges lors des audits sociaux............................................................69 Production de ballons de football en Thaïlande ...............................................................69 Impacts de la technologie du liage thermique ..............................................................69 Salaires, conditions de travail et liberté d’association..................................................70 Chapitre VI: « Impossible is Nothing! » ..............................................................................72 1. Liberté d’association et négociation collective ............................................................73 Prendre l’initiative ........................................................................................................74 Formation des travailleurs ............................................................................................75 Pratiques d’approvisionnement et d’achat....................................................................76 Présentation de rapports ...............................................................................................77 2. Précarité de l’emploi.....................................................................................................77 3. Fermetures d’usines......................................................................................................79 4. Salaire vital...................................................................................................................81 Evaluer le salaire vital ..................................................................................................82 Gravir l’échelle.............................................................................................................83 Etude des prix et de la productivité ..............................................................................83 Efforts conjugués..........................................................................................................84 Chapitre VII: Fixer des objectifs sur le plan des droits des travailleurs...............................86 ii Surmonter les obstacles Mesures pour améliorer les salaires et les conditions de travail dans l’industrie mondiale des vêtements et des chaussures de sport Rédigé par le Maquila Solidarity Network Au nom de la campagne PlayFair 2008 Avril 2008 Remerciements: Les enquêteurs de Play Fair 2008 ont interviewé plus de 320 travailleurs dans des usines en Chine, en Inde, en Indonésie et en Thaïlande au sujet de leurs salaires, de leurs expériences et de leurs conditions de travail. Alors que certains enquêteurs clefs
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