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Forest-Wide Roads Analysis

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Forest-Wide Roads Analysis CUSTER NATIONAL FOREST BEARTOOTH RANGER DISTRICT SIOUX RANGER DISTRICT ASHLAND RANGER DISTRICT FOREST SCALE ROADS ANALYSIS VERSION 1.0 DECEMBER 2002 This forest scale roads analysis has been completed in accordance with FS-643. /S/Nancy T. Curriden January 6, 2003 NANCY T. CURRIDEN Date Forest Supervisor FOREST SCALE ROADS ANALYSIS CUSTER NATIONAL FOREST DECEMBER 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................................7 1.01 Background..................................................................................................................................7 1.02 Key Analysis Results and Finds ...............................................................................................7 1.03 Next Step .....................................................................................................................................8 2. INTRODUTION.......................................................................................................................................8 2.01 Roads Analysis overview...........................................................................................................8 2.02 Scope of This Analysis...............................................................................................................9 2.03 Process/Approach .....................................................................................................................9 3. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT.........................................................................................................10 3.01 Historical Context ....................................................................................................................10 4. CURRENT SITUATION.........................................................................................................................11 4.01 Road Statistics ...........................................................................................................................11 4.02 Management Direction............................................................................................................12 (a) Forest Service Manual Direction ...................................................................................................12 (b) Forest Plan Direction....................................................................................................................12 5. ISSUES AND KEY QUESTIONS...........................................................................................................12 5.01 Definitions.................................................................................................................................12 5.02 Ecosystem Function and Processes (EF) .............................................................................13 (a) EF (1) What ecological attributes, particularly those unique to the region, would be affected by roading of currently unroaded areas?......................................................................................................................13 (b) EF (2) To what degree do the presence, type, and location of roads increase the introduction and spread of exotic plant and animal species, insects, diseases, and parasites? What are the potential effects of such introductions to plant and animal species and ecosystem function in the area?.............................................14 (c) EF (3) To what degree do the presence, type, and location of roads contribute to the control of insects, diseases, and parasites?.............................................................................................................................14 (d) EF (4) How does the road system affect ecological disturbance regimes in the area?.........................14 (e) EF (5) What are the adverse effects of noise caused by developing, using, and maintaining roads?...15 5.03 Aquatic, Riparian Zone, and Water Quality (AQ) ..............................................................16 (a) AQ (1) How and where does the road system modify the surface and subsurface hydrology of the area? .....................................................................................................................................................16 1/10/2003 1:02 PM 2 FOREST SCALE ROADS ANALYSIS CUSTER NATIONAL FOREST DECEMBER 2002 (b) AQ (2) How and where does the road system generate surface erosion?...........................................24 (c) AQ (3) How and where does the road system affect mass wasting?.................................................33 (d) AQ (4) How and where do road-stream crossings influence local stream channels and water quality?.. .....................................................................................................................................................34 (e) AQ (5) How and where does the road system create potential for pollutants, such as chemical spills, oils, de-icing salts, or herbicides to enter surface waters? .............................................................................34 (f) AQ (6) How and where is the road system 'hydrologically connected' to the stream system? How do the connections affect water quality and quantity (such as delivery of sediments, thermal increases, elevated peak flows)? .....................................................................................................................................................35 (g) AQ (7) What downstream beneficial uses of water exist in the area? What changes in uses and demand are expected over time? How are they affected or put at risk by road-derived pollutants?................35 (h) AQ (8) How and where does the road system affect wetlands?........................................................36 (i) AQ (9) How does the road system alter physical channel dynamics, including isolation of floodplains; constraints on channel migration; and the movement of large wood, fine organic matter, and sediment?........36 (j) AQ (10) How and where does the road system restrict the migration and movement of aquatic organisms? What aquatic species are affected and to what extent?..............................................................37 (k) AQ (11) How does the road system affect shading, litter fall, and riparian plant communities? ......38 (l) AQ (12) How and where does the road system contribute to fishing, poaching, or direct habitat loss for at-risk aquatic species? .............................................................................................................................40 (m) AQ (13) How and where does the road system facilitate the introduction of non-native aquatic species? .....................................................................................................................................................40 (n) AQ (14) To what extent does the road system overlap with areas of exceptionally high aquatic diversity or productivity, or areas containing rare or unique aquatic species or species of interest? ..............................41 5.04 Terrestrial Wildlife (TW) .........................................................................................................41 (a) TW (1) What are the direct effects of the road system on terrestrial species habitat?........................41 (b) TW (2) How does the road system facilitate human activities that affect habitat? ...........................45 (c) TW (3) How does the road system affect legal and illegal human activities (including trapping, hunting, poaching, harassment, road kill, or illegal kill levels)? What are the effects on wildlife species? ...................46 (d) TW (4) How does the road system directly affect unique communities or special features in the area?50 5.05 Economics (EC) .......................................................................................................................58 (a) EC (1) what are the monetary costs associated with the current road system? how do these costs compare to the budgets for management and maintenance of the road system?...........................................................58 (b) EC (2) What are the indirect economic contributions of roads including market and non-market costs and benefits associated with road system design, management and operations? ............................................63 (c) EC (3) what are the direct economic impacts of the current road system and its management upon communities around the forest?..................................................................................................................63 3 FOREST SCALE ROADS ANALYSIS CUSTER NATIONAL FOREST DECEMBER 2002 5.06 Timber Management (TM) .....................................................................................................64 (a) TM (1) How does road spacing and location affect logging system feasibility?..................................64 (b) TM (2) How does the road system affect managing the suitable timber base and other lands?..........64 (c) TM (3) How does the road system affect access to timber stands needing silvicultural treatment? .....64 5.07 Mineral Management (MM)....................................................................................................66 (a) MM (1) How does the road system affect access to locatable, leasable, and salable minerals?...........66 5.08 Range Management (RM) .......................................................................................................66
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