Extended Abstract No. 92 ECOLOGICAL
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Country Profile – South Africa
Country profile – South Africa Version 2016 Recommended citation: FAO. 2016. AQUASTAT Country Profile – South Africa. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Rome, Italy The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licencerequest or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/ publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. -
Lesotho the Commonwealth Yearbook 2014 the Commonwealth Yearbook the Most Significant Issue Is Overgrazing, Resulting Maseru (Capital, Pop
Lesotho Lesotho KEY FACTS Africa is Thabana–Ntlenyana (3,842 metres) in eastern Lesotho. The land descends to the west to an arable belt, known as the Joined Commonwealth: 1966 lowlands, where the capital is situated and two-thirds of the Population: 2,052,000 (2012) population live. The country is well-watered in a generally dry GDP p.c. growth: 2.8% p.a. 1990–2012 region, the Orange river and its tributary the Caledon both rising in UN HDI 2012: world ranking 158 Lesotho. Official languages: Sesotho, English Climate: The climate is temperate with well-marked seasons. The Time: GMT plus 2hr rainy season (receiving 85 per cent of total precipitation) is October Currency: loti, plural maloti (M) to April, when there are frequent violent thunderstorms. Rainfall averages 746 mm p.a. Temperatures in the lowlands range from Geography 32.2°C to –6.7°C; the range is much greater in the mountains. From May to September, snow falls in the highlands with heavy Area: 30,355 sq km frosts occurring in the lowlands. Coastline: none Capital: Maseru Environment: The most significant issue is overgrazing, resulting The Kingdom of Lesotho is a small landlocked country entirely in severe soil erosion and desertification. surrounded by South Africa. It is known as the ‘Mountain Vegetation: Mainly grassland and bushveld, with forest in ravines Kingdom’, the whole country being over 1,000 metres in altitude. and on the windward slopes of mountains. Forest covers one per The country is divided into ten districts, each named after the cent of the land area and arable land comprises ten per cent. -
Rock Art and the Contested Landscape of the North Eastern Cape, South Africa
ROCK ART AND THE CONTESTED LANDSCAPE OF THE NORTH EASTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA Leila Henry A dissertation for the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. Johannesburg, June 2010. DECLARATION I declare that this dissertation is my own, unaided work. It is being submitted for the degree of Master of Arts in the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination in any other University. _____________________ (Leila Marguerita Henry) ________ day of_______________, 2010 i ABSTRACT The north Eastern Cape is well known for its exceptional fine-line rock art. Recently, two non-fine-line traditions have been identified in the high mountains of this region. These corpora of rock art formed part of the interaction between San and non-San individuals in the creolised context of the nineteenth century. My discovery of further non-fine-line rock art, on the inland plateau, offers an opportunity to better understand the development of non-fine-line rock art and the role it played in relations between different groups. I argue that these three corpora of non-fine-line rock art are chronological variants of a single tradition, which I label the Type 2 tradition. The development of this tradition is associated with the breakdown of independent San-led bands and their loss of control of the space of painting, which became a contested landscape as multi-ethnic groups vied for political influence in the region and access to the San spirit world that would aid in their raiding prowess. -
At the Intersection of Neoliberal Development, Scarce Resources, and Human Rights: Enforcing the Right to Water in South Africa Elizabeth A
Macalester College DigitalCommons@Macalester College International Studies Honors Projects International Studies Department Spring 5-3-2010 At the intersection of neoliberal development, scarce resources, and human rights: Enforcing the right to water in South Africa Elizabeth A. Larson Macalester College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/intlstudies_honors Part of the African Studies Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, International Law Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, Political Economy Commons, and the Water Law Commons Recommended Citation Larson, Elizabeth A., "At the intersection of neoliberal development, scarce resources, and human rights: Enforcing the right to water in South Africa" (2010). International Studies Honors Projects. Paper 10. http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/intlstudies_honors/10 This Honors Project is brought to you for free and open access by the International Studies Department at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Studies Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. At the intersection of neoliberal development, scarce resources, and human rights: Enforcing the right to water in South Africa Elizabeth A. Larson Honors Thesis Advisor: Professor James von Geldern Department: International Studies Abstract The competing ideals of international human rights and global economic neoliberalism come into conflict when developing countries try to enforce socio- economic rights. This paper explores the intersection of economic globalization and the enforcement of 2 nd generation human rights. The focus of this exploration is the right to water in South Africa, specifically the recent Constitutional Court case Mazibuko v City of Johannesburg . -
Of the Nineteenth-Century Maloti- Drakensberg Mountains1
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UCL Discovery The ‘Interior World’ of the Nineteenth-Century Maloti- Drakensberg Mountains1 Rachel King*1, 2, 3 and Sam Challis3 1 Centre of African Studies, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom 2 McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom 3 Rock Art Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Over the last four decades archaeological and historical research has the Maloti-Drakensberg Mountains as a refuge for Bushmen as the nineteenth-century colonial frontier constricted their lifeways and movements. Recent research has expanded on this characterisation of mountains-as-refugia, focusing on ethnically heterogeneous raiding bands (including San) forging new cultural identities in this marginal context. Here, we propose another view of the Maloti-Drakensberg: a dynamic political theatre in which polities that engaged in illicit activities like raiding set the terms of colonial encounters. We employ the concept of landscape friction to re-cast the environmentally marginal Maloti-Drakensberg as a region that fostered the growth of heterodox cultural, subsistence, and political behaviours. We introduce historical, rock art, and ‘dirt’ archaeological evidence and synthesise earlier research to illustrate the significance of the Maloti-Drakensberg during the colonial period. We offer a revised southeast-African colonial landscape and directions for future research. Keywords Maloti-Drakensberg, Basutoland, AmaTola, BaPhuthi, creolisation, interior world 1 We thank Lara Mallen, Mark McGranaghan, Peter Mitchell, and John Wright for comments on this paper. This research was supported by grants from the South African National Research Foundation’s African Origins Platform, a Clarendon Scholarship from the University of Oxford, the Claude Leon Foundation, and the Smuts Memorial Fund at Cambridge. -
The Case of Lesotho's Mohale
African Study Monographs, 31(2): 57-106, July 2010 57 WHO DRIVES RESETTLEMENT? THE CASE OF LESOTHO’S MOHALE DAM Paul DEVITT Hunting-Consult 4 Joint Venture Robert K. HITCHCOCK Department of Geography, Michigan State University ABSTRACT The Lesotho Highlands Water Project, a joint development effort of the governments of Lesotho and South Africa, involved the construction of several large dams and other infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and power lines. The purpose of the dam and water transfer project was to provide water to the Gauteng region of South Africa and electricity to Lesotho. Phase 1B of the project, the Mohale Dam, resulted in the displacement of over 320 households and the inundation of villages, fi elds, and grazing lands. In line with the 1986 Treaty between the governments of Lesotho and South Africa, the project authorities provided compensation for losses suffered and put in place development projects in an effort to promote economic self-suffi ciency. This article assesses the degree to which project-affected people in the Lesotho highlands were actively engaged in planning and decision-making regarding their own resettlement and rehabilitation, and the extent to which public participation contributed to their subsequent welfare. Key Words: Lesotho; Dam project; Resettlement; Compensation; Development; Participation. INTRODUCTION Most large dams are built to provide power or water to people other than those who have to make the sacrifi ces necessary for the dams to be built. The people who lose their land and perhaps their homes, their communities, their jobs, the graves of their ancestors, and the abodes of their spirits seldom enjoy the benefi ts, and suffer many of the inconveniences, of these projects. -
The Maloti Drakensberg Experience See Travel Map Inside This Flap❯❯❯
exploring the maloti drakensberg route the maloti drakensberg experience see travel map inside this flap❯❯❯ the maloti drakensberg experience the maloti drakensberg experience …the person who practices ecotourism has the opportunity of immersing him or herself in nature in a way that most people cannot enjoy in their routine, urban existences. This person “will eventually acquire a consciousness and knowledge of the natural environment, together with its cultural aspects, that will convert him or her into somebody keenly involved in conservation issues… héctor ceballos-lascuráin internationally renowned ecotourism expert” travel tips for the maloti drakensberg region Eastern Cape Tourism Board +27 (0)43 701 9600 www.ectb.co.za, [email protected] lesotho south africa Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife currency Maloti (M), divided into 100 lisente (cents), have currency The Rand (R) is divided into 100 cents. Most +27 (0)33 845 1999 an equivalent value to South African rand which are used traveller’s cheques are accepted at banks and at some shops www.kznwildlife.com; [email protected] interchangeably in Lesotho. Note that Maloti are not accepted and hotels. Major credit cards are accepted in most towns. Free State Tourism Authority in South Africa in place of rand. banks All towns will have at least one bank. Open Mon to Fri: +27 (0)51 411 4300 Traveller’s cheques and major credit cards are generally 09h00–15h30, Sat: 09h00–11h00. Autobanks (or ATMs) are www.dteea.fs.gov.za accepted in Maseru. All foreign currency exchange should be found in most towns and operate on a 24-hour basis. -
Impact Ojf the Lesotho Highlands Water Project in Poverty Alleviation in Lesqtho
IMPACT OJF THE LESOTHO HIGHLANDS WATER PROJECT IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN LESQTHO By LISEMA GLADYS RAMAILI Thesis presented! in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the dlegree of Master of Arts in Publlic and Devellopment Mannagement at the University of Stellernbosch Supervisor: Professor JFanie Cloete Aprill 2006 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARAT][ON I, The undersigned hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it at any university for a degree. S 1gnature: Date: ...........................3o- 01- of, . Lisema Gladys Ramaili 11 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za SUMMARY Poverty in Lesotho is more prevalent in the rural areas that depend on subsistence agriculture as the main source of livelihood, with a limited potential in natural resources. Poverty has social, economic and political connotations that necessitate a multi disciplinary approach in any approach towards its alleviation. This study set out to define poverty, establish a comprehensive way of alleviating poverty and ~xamine whether the approach adopted by GOL through the LHDA and other sectors benefits the communities affected by the LHWP and brings about development in the long run. Therefore it was informed by a review of the documented literature, including policy documents, research reports, journal articles and books. This were supplemented by direct personal interviews with 35 respondents consisting of 25 household heads from both the resettled and host communities, and 10 other officers from the institutions that are affecting development in the Phase lB project area. -
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized I * * ¼~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~ -.- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 - I 0. laIt,\ KINGDOMOF LESOTHO LESOTHO HIGHLANDSDEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY LESOTHO HIGHLANDSWATER PROJECT PHASE 1B ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT ASSESSMENT May 1997 I Lesotho Highlands Water Project Phase IB EnviromnentalImpact Assessmrent This EnvironmentalImpact Assessmentis dedicatedto the memoryof Dr. Malefane Maema, who died tragicallyin a motor accidentin November1996. Dr. Maema was a former Manager of the EnvironmentDivision of LHDA and a strong advocate of the environmentalimpact assessment process, particularly as a vehicle for the protection of the culture and socio-economyof the people of the Highlands.Following his career with the LHDA he pursued a teaching positionat the Universityof Natal where he continuedhis interest in environmentalmanagement and rural development.During the preparation of the Phase IB EIA Dr. Maema was a valuable member of the UNESCO/UNDPreview team and a contributor of provocativethought and detailed commentto both the EIA process and its product as reflectedin the first two draftsof the EIA document. Dr Maema's contributionto the environmentalmanagement of Lesotho's resources will be greatly missed bv his professionalcolleagues in LHDA and elsewhere.His loss will be felt by all in Lesotho who rely on the resources of the country for their livelihood,and by those who continue the pursuit of sustainable resourcemanagement. -
The World Bank
Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: ICR00001416 IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION AND RESULTS REPORT (TF-23724) ON A Public Disclosure Authorized GRANT IN THE AMOUNT OF SDR 6.0 MILLION (US$ 7.92 MILLION EQUIVALENT) TO THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA FOR A MALOTI-DRAKENSBERG TRANSFRONTIER CONSERVATION AND Public Disclosure Authorized DEVELOPMENT PROJECT June 29, 2010 Environment and Natural Resource Management Unit - AFTEN Public Disclosure Authorized Southern Africa 1, South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland - AFCS1 Africa Region CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective Oct. 24, 2009) Currency Unit = ZAR ZAR 1.00 = US$0.139 US$1.00 = Rand 7.563 FISCAL YEAR April 1 – March 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS BP Business Plans BSC Bilateral Steering Committee CAS Country Assistance Strategy CCF Community Conservation Forum CDP Concept Development Plans COP Conference of Parties CPS Country Partnership Strategy DEA Department of Environmental Affairs DEAT Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism DWAF Department of Water Affairs and Forestry EC- Eastern Cape Department of Economic Development and Environmental DEDEA Affairs ECP Eastern Cape Parks EKZNW Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife FMC Financial Management Committees FS- Free State Department of Tourism, Environment and Economic Affairs DTEEA GEF Global Environment Facility GEO Global Environment Objective GIS Global Information System ICR Implementation Completion and Results Report IMP Integrated Management Plans JBCC Joint Bilateral Commission on -
Second State Of
Second State of the Environment 2002 Report Lesotho Lesotho Second State of the Environment Report 2002 Authors: Chaba Mokuku, Tsepo Lepono, Motlatsi Mokhothu Thabo Khasipe and Tsepo Mokuku Reviewer: Motebang Emmanuel Pomela Published by National Environment Secretariat Ministry of Tourism, Environment & Culture Government of Lesotho P.O. Box 10993, Maseru 100, Lesotho ISBN 99911-632-6-0 This document should be cited as Lesotho Second State of the Environment Report for 2002. Copyright © 2004 National Environment Secretariat. All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. Design and production by Pheko Mathibeli, graphic designer, media practitioner & chartered public relations practitioner Set in Century Gothic, Premium True Type and Optima Lesotho, 2002 3 Contents List of Tables 8 Industrial Structure: Sectoral Composition 34 List of Figures 9 Industrial Structure: Growth Rates 36 List of Plates 10 Population Growth 37 Acknowledgements 11 Rural to Urban Migration 37 Foreword 12 Incidence of Poverty 38 Executive Summary 14 Inappropriate Technologies 38 State and impacts: trends 38 Introduction 24 Human Development Trends 38 Poverty and Income Distribution 44 Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment. 26 Agriculture and Food Security 45 People, Economy and Development Ensuring Long and Healthy Lives 46 Socio-Economic Dimension 26 Ensuring -
Topography in Lesotho
Topography in Lesotho helplesotho.org Lesotho is divided into four physiographic regions: the mountain region in the east, the foothills in central Lesotho, the Orange River Valley from the north-east to the south-west, and the lowlands in the west. Two-thirds of Lesotho terrain is mountainous. The highlands have an average elevation of over 2,438 meters. Even the country’s lowlands have an average elevation of 1,524 to 1,829 meters. Mountains Mount Thabana-Ntlenyana Lesotho has two mountain ranges: the Drakensberg and the Maloti ranges. The Drakensberg Mountains rise in the east and drop near the South African border. The Maloti Mountains are located in the centre of Lesotho, and join the Drakensberg range in the north. The highest mountain in Lesotho is Mount Thabana-Ntlenyana and reaches a height of 3,482 meters. Not only is it the highest point in Lesotho, but it also has the highest elevation in all Image © summitpost.org of southern Africa. Mount Thabana-Ntlenyana is located on the Mohlesi ridge of the Drakensberg and Maloti mountains. Soil Erosion Did You Know? Environmental change and destruction has had a • Lesotho is the only country on harsh impact on the land of Lesotho. Soil erosion earth whose lowest elevation is refers to the wearing away of the top layer of soil. above sea level (1000m). This causes a huge problem for the people who • The lowest point is the junction of want to grow crops. Soil erosion results in the loss of arable land, loss of grazing land, and the loss the Orange and Makhaleng Rivers of water by rapid runoff after heavy rainstorms in (1,400m).