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The Effect of Dyes, Pigments and Ionic Liquids on the Properties of Elastomer Com- Posites

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The Effect of Dyes, Pigments and Ionic Liquids on the Properties of Elastomer Com- Posites The effect of dyes, pigments and ionic liquids onthe properties of elastomer composites Anna Marzec To cite this version: Anna Marzec. The effect of dyes, pigments and ionic liquids on the properties of elastomer com- posites. Polymers. Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. English. NNT : 2014LYO10285. tel-01166530v1 HAL Id: tel-01166530 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01166530v1 Submitted on 23 Jun 2015 (v1), last revised 23 Jun 2015 (v2) HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Year 2014 PH.D. THESIS COMPLETED IN “COTUTELLE” THE EFFECT OF DYES, PIGMENTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS ON THE PROPERTIES OF ELASTOMER COMPOSITES presented by MSc. ANNA MARZEC between TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF LODZ (POLAND) and UNIVERSITY CLAUDE BERNARD – LYON 1 (FRANCE) For obtaining the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Specialty: Polymers and Composites Materials Defence of the thesis will be held in Lodz, 2 December 2014 Thesis supervisors : Professor MARIAN ZABORSKI (Poland) Doctor GISÈLE BOITEUX (France) JURY ZABORSKI Marian Professor Thesis supervisor BOITEUX Gisèle Doctor Thesis supervisor BEYOU Emmanuel Professor Examiner JESIONOWSKI Teofil Professor Reviewer PIELICHOWSKI Krzysztof Professor Reviewer GAIN Olivier Doctor Thesis co-supervisor Année 2014 Thèse “COTUTELLE” L'EFFET DE COLORANTS, DE PIGMENTS ET LIQUIDES IONIQUES SUR LES PROPRIETES DE COMPOSITES ELASTOMERES présentée par MSc. ANNA MARZEC entre UNIVERSITÉ POLYTECHNIQUE DE LODZ (POLOGNE) et UNIVERSITÉ CLAUDE BERNARD – LYON 1 LYON (FRANCE) pour obtenir le grade de docteur Spécialité: Matériaux Polymères et Composites École doctorale: Matériaux Innovants Soutenue le 2 décembre 2014 à l'Université Polytechnique de Lodz Directeur de thèse: Professeur MARIAN ZABORSKI (Pologne) Directeur de Recherche CNRS GISÈLE BOITEUX (France) JURY ZABORSKI Marian Professeur Directeur de thèse BOITEUX Gisèle Directeur de Recherche CNRS Directeur de thèse BEYOU Emmanuel Professeur Examinateur JESIONOWSKI Teofil Professeur Rapporteur PIELICHOWSKI Krzysztof Professeur Rapporteur GAIN Olivier Ingénieur de Research CNRS Co-directeur de thèse UNIVERSITE CLAUDE BERNARD - LYON 1 Président de l’Université M. François-Noël GILLY Vice-président du Conseil d’Administration M. le Professeur Hamda BEN HADID Vice-président du Conseil des Etudes et M. le Professeur Philippe LALLE de la Vie Universitaire Vice-président du Conseil Scientifique M. le Professeur Germain GILLET Directeur Général des Services M. Alain HELLEU COMPOSANTES SANTE Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est – Claude Bernard Directeur : M. le Professeur J. ETIENNE Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon Sud Directeur : Mme la Professeure C. BURILLON – Charles Mérieux Faculté d’Odontologie Directeur : M. le Professeur D. BOURGEOIS Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Directeur : Mme la Professeure C. VINCIGUERRA Biologiques Institut des Sciences et Techniques de la Directeur : M. le Professeur Y. MATILLON Réadaptation Département de formation et Centre de Directeur : Mme. la Professeure A-M. SCHOTT Recherche en Biologie Humaine COMPOSANTES ET DEPARTEMENTS DE SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIE Faculté des Sciences et Technologies Directeur : M. F. DE MARCHI Département Biologie Directeur : M. le Professeur F. FLEURY Département Chimie Biochimie Directeur : Mme Caroline FELIX Département GEP Directeur : M. Hassan HAMMOURI Département Informatique Directeur : M. le Professeur S. AKKOUCHE Département Mathématiques Directeur : M. le Professeur Georges TOMANOV Département Mécanique Directeur : M. le Professeur H. BEN HADID Département Physique Directeur : M. Jean-Claude PLENET UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Directeur : M. Y.VANPOULLE Physiques et Sportives Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Lyon Directeur : M. B. GUIDERDONI Polytech Lyon Directeur : M. P. FOURNIER Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Physique Directeur : M. G. PIGNAULT Electronique Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Lyon 1 Directeur : M. le Professeur C. VITON Ecole Supérieure du Professorat et de l’Education Directeur : M. le Professeur A. MOUGNIOTTE Institut de Science Financière et d'Assurances Directeur : M. N. LEBOISNE Acknowledgements I am heartily thankful to my supervisors, Prof. dr hab. Marian Zaborski and dr Gisèle Boiteux, whose encouragement, guidance and support from the initial to the final level enabled me to develop an understanding of the subject. I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my reviewers Prof. Teofil Jesionowski and Prof. Krzysztof Pielichowski as well as member of the committee Prof. Emmanuel Beyou, who have accepted to evaluate this work. I would also like to extend my appreciation to all jury members. I am also grateful to dr Ewa Chrześcijańska, dr Zygmunt Boruszczak, dr Olvier Gain and dr Anatloi Serghei for all helpful discussions we have shared. Lastly, I offer my regards to all of those, especially my family and my friends, who supported me in any respect during the completion of this thesis. LIST OF CONTENTS LIST OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBERIVATIONS ......................................................................................... 8 LIST OF SYMBOLS ....................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................. 10 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................... 13 2.1 DEGRADATION OF POLYMER ............................................................................. 14 2.1.1 POLYMER DEGRADATION – INTRODUCTION ............................................... 14 2.1.2 EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURES AND ADDITIVES ON THE POLYMER STABILITY ........................................................................................ 15 2.1.3 TYPES OF POLYMER DEGRADATION ............................................................. 18 2.1.4 COMMERCIAL STABILIZERS ............................................................................ 25 2.2 SOLVENT DYES ..................................................................................................... 32 2.2.1 STRUCTURES OF DYES AND CLASSIFICATION ............................................ 32 2.2.2 SOLVENT DYES - GENERAL DISCUSSION ...................................................... 35 2.2.3 CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLVENT DYES .................................................................................................................... 37 2.2.4 THE CHEMISTRY OF ANTHRAQUINONE SOLVENT DYES........................... 40 2.2.5 ORGANIC PIGMENTS ......................................................................................... 45 2.2.6 EFFECT OF AGING ON THE PROPERTIES OF DYED AND PIGMENTED POLYMERS .......................................................................................................... 51 2.3 IONIC LIQUIDS ....................................................................................................... 57 2.3.1 PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF IONIC LIQUIDS ................................. 57 2.3.2 APPLICATIONS OF IONIC LIQUIDS IN POLYMER MATERIALS ................... 60 2.4 SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. 66 2.5 AIM OF WORK ........................................................................................................ 68 CHAPTER 3. MATHERIALS AND METHODS ........................................................ 69 CHAPTER 4. STUDIES THE OF PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISRTICS OF SOLVENT DYES AND PIGMENTS .............................................. 86 4.1 THERMAL STABILITY OF DYES AND PIGMENTS ............................................ 87 4.2 MORPHOLOGY OF DYE AND PIGMENT POWDERS ......................................... 90 4.3 SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF DYES ................................................. 93 4.4 ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS - CYCLIC AND DIFFERENTIAL PULSE VOLTAMMETRY OF SOLVENT DYES ................................................................ 96 4.5 ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SOLVENT DYES STUDIED WITH THE ABTS METHOD ................................................................................................................ 103 4.6 SOLUBILITY PARAMETERS ............................................................................... 104 4.7 DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS ................................................................................ 106 5 LIST OF CONTENTS 4.8 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................... 108 CHAPTER 5. EFFECT OF AGING ON THE PROPERTIES OF NBR AND EN COMPOSITES .................................................................................... 110 5.1 EN COMPOSITES CONTAINING SOLVENT DYES UNDER UV AGING ........ 111 5.1.1 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ........................................................................... 111 5.1.2 SURFACE ANALYSIS – FTIR ........................................................................... 115 5.1.3 COLORIMETRIC STUDY
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