DOCSLIB.ORG

Early Development of Cymatium (Monoplex) Pileare and C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Early Development of Cymatium (Monoplex) Pileare and C Indian J. Fish., 47(3) : 201-207, Jul.-Aug., 2000 Early development of Cymatium (Monoplex) pileare and C. (Linatella) cutaceum (Ranellidae : Gastropoda : Mollusca) in the laboratory P. MUTHIAH* AND K. SAMPATH Department of Zoology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin-628 008, India ABSTRACT Early development of two species of ranellids, Cymatium (Monoplex) pileare and C. (Linatella) cutaceum were studied in the laboratory. Females incubated the egg mass for 12-25 days till fully developed larvae were hatched out through an apical orifice of the egg capsule. The mean length and height of the released larvae of C.(M.) pileare and C.(L.) cutaceum were 252 and 166 pm and 265 and 191pm respectively. The percentage of hatching and larval development was 95.6 and 100 for CAM.)pileare and 93.7 and 94.6 for C.(L.) cutaceum respectively. The larval development inside the egg capsule of these species are discussed. Introduction cutacea and Cymatium corrugatum. Govan (1995) reported the size of larvae The egg masses of certain species of released by Cymatium spp. This paper ranellids occurring in New Zealand reports on the early development of (Laxton, 1969); Hawaii (Houbrick and larvae from the egg masses, to the Fretter, 1969) and India (Muthiah and juvenile ranellids in the laboratory. Sampath, 1999) were studied earlier. Detailed reports on larval development Material and methods of ranellids are not available. Scheltema (1961) studied the probable veligers of Twenty two C.(M.) pileare, of length cymatiids collected in the plankton range 31.3-93 mm and 17 C.(L.) samples and Bandel (1975) described cutaceum, of length range 48-76 mm the veliger larvae of cymatiids. were collected from rearing cages in an Thangavelu and Muthiah (1983) stud­ experimental pearl culture farm at ied the larval stages of C. cingulatum, Tuticorin (Lat. 8°, 48' N; Long. 78° 11' by rearing the teased out contents of the E). These gastropods were maintained egg capsules. This was not in accor­ separately in FRP tanks of 100 1 dance with normal development taking capacity (size: 75 x 50 x 50* cm). Sand- place in situ the egg capsules. Ramon filtered sea water was used with mild (1991) described the egg mass and aeration. The water was changed daily. development of C. cutaceum, a Mediter­ The animals were fed with meat of ranean - West-African species Cabestana edible oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis. * Present address: Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 115, N.K. Chetty Street, Tuticorin-628 001, Tamil Nadu, India. P. Muthiuh unci K. Sampnlh 202 I i Ml,i Ih. i • • i • • ! I ii,' i' • , 4 • in ; , ii, .• i i" in i !n ', i".n ••! i " • ," I I I > ',, ' I'HI !.• If I ; , " .1 I l|i| -r| |<| II 'I, < '.lulll 1 i - : "i Ii i i! n in << , •' •,' ,!• ii.(.i I I in iiuiiih' i •:, r ii 'ii > • urn ,' n l.'i< >li'' |.'"i,l,. ( ,,f ! ,, ,K (,(•• ;, , '•','. in n|. il.-- < :••>, ;j. i , I I l I I 'iH liu !l I I ll' I <l I ",' I, ,• |, ' l.ul ,,,, I I i. I.If ,ll ,1; l..|l n., ,, , it, |l i .,• |l)u , ill ll ilc .'|.i|'. i, i ' it, jn 11 ,i! ill in .ih .nun -I \J ii ii I , I ! in liiu • I. -ill |)| ii i lui i !• rl't ,' 1 ii, I .. ', ch-,1',. -I tlif.xf'h ,ili i i, i • •|,H .,' -,( ;til - <.! S '. 11)111 ill ili.l'li'; III I tl< . /;• • i|i nli ' IV-, ". i < t'.if ot IKO .•;•... i i ,|i nli II' I ii'- i !•(' in.I. ' '• -ii'l l ii if Results (,H , If \ , 203 , 1 , !•;; '• ! ' • ' i I ii,-i rn .pt't . 'line ' ' • •'. ' I" i' n '' II - i ' .i ,-;•,( ,1 , ' • > f I - l i , Cl- i •?' ,- > - .''.,, •' l|(' >;'•<• i' , ,i , i • !' I ' ii", •')',' . • ' i '' FI (ih. i ", ,| »'i ; • i ' ! i • ! i ; i ; ..d'li1,'. i I' < i.' i i, i 11, i < i» i i ' n ' i 'i :, I.|I I. i J. II • •!, • • ,1, ,'.. ' ." ." .',,,>! I,.i 11 •', . ! I 'i • ' - ! i 'i I i' (. \> i s • s • ; ' - ', i ' i i , • -in t,, 11 111 • 11. "ii' >, , i, [ f '',,,•' i ', • t f i : I.-. -.. "!•; i . : ., h , t , fi. Trefoil stage. P. Muthicili ami K Srtmpaili 204 Fig. 9. Velig'or. Fig. 6. F I' 1- I w I i. nl |n i Mill "I ' ' i,' .(•• • i! :i (J. (L.) cutaceum ;:?H~„o, The diameter of an egg was 95.2 um Fig. 8. Trochophore. and it increasecJ to .138.5 mm on Early di'ut'topniciii in iiro gaslrti/ittt) mollimt-s 205 species in the present study is much shorter than other species and this may be attributed to the higher tempera­ ture. The incubation period for C.(L.) cutaceum was 14 clays whereas it took 18 days at 27.2°C for C.(M.) pileare and at 24.8°C, the period extended to 25 days. Govan (1995) reported that the incubation period for C. muricinum, C. ni.cobaricum and C. pileare was 10-2? days. Hatching of C. nicobaricum took place 21 days after spawning (Purtymun, 1974). C. corrugaiurn took 18 days for development at a temperature of 20- 23"C (Ramon, 1991). Similar observa­ tions of decrease in the incubation period with increasing temperature have been made in the oyster drill Otosalpinx cinerea (Ganaros, 1958) and in Eupleura caudata (Mackenzie, 1961). The appearance of the prepodium is considered as a prerequisite for meta­ morphosis (Hadfield, 1978). The pres­ ence of well developed prepodium at a length of 214 pm in C.(M.) pileare and at 239 pm in C.(L.) cutaceum indicated their competence for metamorphosis. The larval length on hatching was 225 pin for C.(M.) pileare and 265 mm for C.(L.) cutaceum. The lengths of hatched out larvae of these ranellids were more close to 280-250 pin as reported by Govan (1995) for Cymatium L.I aquaiiie, C. muricinum, C. nicobaricum and C. pileare. Discussion It was observed that the larval growth in relation to duration was faster The attainment of brown colour in in C.(L.) cutaceum (length of larvae = the egg masses of ranellids indicate the 115.7178 prn x daysO.304) (Fig. 12) com­ development of the larval shell, as pared with C.(M.) pileare (length of lar­ obse rv eci i n E up I e u r a c a u d a t a vae = 129.8302 pin x days 0.2007) (Fig. (Mackenzie, 1961) and in Cymatlum 13). The surface sculpturing or orna­ comigalum (Ramon, 1991). mentation of protoconchs was similar to the observations of Rarnon (1991) and Govan (1995) for the Cymatium species. P. Muthiah and K. Sampath 206 250 360 y"128.32>?a,D' y-HS-ete050" R2- 0.9411 Rz » 0.8304 300 200 i 260 i I I 200 150 150- 100 100 0 12 16 12 Days Dayi Fig. 12. C.(L.) cutaceum Growth of larvae Fig. 13. C.(M.) pileare: Growth of larvae inside inside the egg capsule. the egg capsule. In this study the 'developmental that C.(M.) pileare could drill its prey, period' of 12-15 days and the 'delay eventhough it is usually considered to period' of 30 days are much lower than be a non-boring predatory gastropod the estimated pelagic life of 320 days for while feeding on edible oysters (Muthiah C. nicobaricum and 293 for C. par- et al., 1987) and pearl oysters (Chellam thenopeum (Scheltema, 1971). Probably et al, 1983). with the suitable food and favourable substratum, the 'obligatory develop­ Though large-scale larval mortality mental period' (ODP) (following the occurred, juveniles of C.(M.) pileare up terminology of Scheltema, 1971) will be to a length of 1.5 mm were successfully even much shorter. The growth rate of obtained in the laboratory. Ramon released larvae to juveniles of C.(M.) (1991) attributed absence of suitable pileare ranging from 20.8 um day'1 substratum for the poor survival of (during development inside the egg larvae of C. corrugatum reared for 16 capsule) and 26.3 um day"1 indicates days after their release, similar to that the ODP will be well below 1 Nassarius obsoletus (Scheltema, 1961). month for the larvae of the ranellids, as Govan (1995) stated that due to lack of Govan (1995) envisaged. knowledge on appropriate food required for ranellid larvae, they could not be A bore hole found on the shell of a reared to settlement or even to the dead juvenile (Fig. 10) vouch for the stage of protoconch II. Besides finding cannibalistic behaviour of C.(M.) pileare a suitable substratum, further study is even during juvenile stage, as no other needed to identify ideal food organisms animal was present that could produce for successful rearing of larvae and the drill hole. It also revealed the fact juvenile ranellids. Early development in two gastropod molluscs 207 Acknowledgments Houbrick, J.R. and V. Fretter 1969. Some aspects of the functional anatomy and We thank Dr. Beu, Institute of biology of Cymatium and Bursa. Proc Geological and Nuclear Sciences, New Malacol. Soc, London, 38 : 415-429. Zealand for identification and valuable Laxton, J.H. 1969. Reproduction in some New suggestions for improvement of the Zealand Cymatiidae (Gastropoda: manuscript. We also thank Dr. E. Prosobranchia). Zool. J. Linn. Soc, 48 : Vivekanandan, Senior Scientist, Chennai 237-253. Research Centre of CMFRI for construc­ Mackenzie, C.L. 1961. Growth and reproduc­ tive corrections and the Officer-in- tion of the oyster drill, Eupleura caudata charge, CMFRI, Tuticorin for laboratory in the York river, Virginia. Ecology, 42 : facilities provided. 317-338. Muthiah, P. and K. Sampath 1999.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Recent Molluscan Marine Fauna of the Islas Galápagos
    THE FESTIVUS ISSN 0738-9388 A publication of the San Diego Shell Club Volume XXIX December 4, 1997 Supplement The Recent Molluscan Marine Fauna of the Islas Galapagos Kirstie L. Kaiser Vol. XXIX: Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page i THE RECENT MOLLUSCAN MARINE FAUNA OF THE ISLAS GALApAGOS KIRSTIE L. KAISER Museum Associate, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA 4 December 1997 SiL jo Cover: Adapted from a painting by John Chancellor - H.M.S. Beagle in the Galapagos. “This reproduction is gifi from a Fine Art Limited Edition published by Alexander Gallery Publications Limited, Bristol, England.” Anon, QU Lf a - ‘S” / ^ ^ 1 Vol. XXIX Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 1 DISCUSSION 2 RESULTS 2 Table 1: Deep-Water Species 3 Table 2: Additions to the verified species list of Finet (1994b) 4 Table 3: Species listed as endemic by Finet (1994b) which are no longer restricted to the Galapagos .... 6 Table 4: Summary of annotated checklist of Galapagan mollusks 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 6 LITERATURE CITED 7 APPENDIX 1: ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF GALAPAGAN MOLLUSKS 17 APPENDIX 2: REJECTED SPECIES 47 INDEX TO TAXA 57 Vol. XXIX: Supplement THE FESTIVUS Page 1 THE RECENT MOLLUSCAN MARINE EAUNA OE THE ISLAS GALAPAGOS KIRSTIE L. KAISER' Museum Associate, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA Introduction marine mollusks (Appendix 2). The first list includes The marine mollusks of the Galapagos are of additional earlier citations, recent reported citings, interest to those who study eastern Pacific mollusks, taxonomic changes and confirmations of 31 species particularly because the Archipelago is far enough from previously listed as doubtful.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Early Development of Monoplex Pilearis
    1 Research Article 2 Early Development of Monoplex pilearis and Monoplex parthenopeus (Gastropoda: 3 Cymatiidae) - Biology and Morphology 4 5 Ashlin H. Turner*, Quentin Kaas, David J. Craik, and Christina I. Schroeder* 6 7 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Qld, Australia 8 9 *Corresponding authors: 10 Email: [email protected], phone: +61-7-3346-2023 11 Email: [email protected], phone: +61-7-3346-2021 1 12 Abstract 13 Members of family Cymatiidae have an unusually long planktonic larval life stage (veligers) which 14 allows them to be carried within ocean currents and become distributed worldwide. However, little 15 is known about these planktonic veligers and identification of the larval state of many Cymatiidae 16 is challenging at best. Here we describe the first high-quality scanning electron microscopy images 17 of the developing veliger larvae of Monoplex pilearis and Monoplex parthenopeus (Gastropoda: 18 Cymatiidae). The developing shell of Monoplex veligers was captured by SEM, showing plates 19 secreted to form the completed shell. The incubation time of the two species was recorded and 20 found to be different; M. parthenopeus took 24 days to develop fully and hatch out of the egg 21 capsules, whereas M. pilearis took over a month to leave the egg capsule. Using scanning electron 22 microscopy and geometric morphometrics, the morphology of veliger larvae was compared. No 23 significant differences were found between the shapes of the developing shell between the two 24 species; however, it was found that M. pilearis was significantly larger than M.
    [Show full text]
  • Oligocene Pagurized Gastropods from the River Bend Formation, North Carolina, USA
    Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum, no. 45 (March 15, 2019), p. 7–13, 3 fi gs., 1 table. © 2019, Mizunami Fossil Museum Oligocene pagurized gastropods from the River Bend Formation, North Carolina, USA Rodney M. Feldmann1, Carrie E. Schweitzer2, and George E. Phillips3 1Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242 USA <[email protected]> 2Department of Geology, Kent State University at Stark, 6000 Frank Ave. NW, North Canton, Ohio 44720 USA <[email protected]> 3Conservation and Biodiversity Section, Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, 2148 Riverside Drive, Jackson, Mississippi 39202 USA <[email protected]> Abstract Fourteen specimens of pagurized gastropods are completely enveloped by anascan cheilostome bryozoan colonies, and most of them bear serpulid worm tubes referred to Hydroides sp. These specimens from the Oligocene River Bend Formation in North Carolina constitute the first such occurrence on the Atlantic coastal region of North America. Key words: Decapoda, Paguroidea, biotic associations, Cymatium, North Carolina Introduction immediately adjacent to the Onslow County quarry, this “very arenaceous bivalve biocalcirudite” (Ward, The River Bend Formation is an Oligocene, sandy, 2002) contains conspicuous numbers of the scallop carbonate unit exposed in quarries in east-central North Rebeccapecten trentensis (Harris, 1919), the jingle shell Carolina. The formation has yielded an abundance of Anomia ruffini Conrad, 1843, the cyclostome bryozoan fossil material, but to date no decapod crustaceans have Meandropora cf. M. cerebriformis (de Blainville, 1843), and been reported. Discovery of small gastropods invested by the small regular echinoid Psammechinus carolinensis bryozoans and serpulid worms provide evidence that the Kier, 1997. (based on MMNS samples collected by D.
    [Show full text]
  • Mediterranean Triton Charonia Lampas Lampas (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda): Report on Captive Breeding
    ISSN: 0001-5113 ACTA ADRIAT., ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER AADRAY 57(2): 263 - 272, 2016 Mediterranean triton Charonia lampas lampas (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda): report on captive breeding Mauro CAVALLARO*1, Enrico NAVARRA2, Annalisa DANZÉ2, Giuseppa DANZÈ2, Daniele MUSCOLINO1 and Filippo GIARRATANA1 1Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy 2Associazione KURMA, via Andria 8, c/o Acquario Comunale di Messina-CESPOM, 98123 Messina, Italy *Corresponding author: [email protected] Two females and a male triton of Charonia lampas lampas (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected from March 2010 to September 2012 in S. Raineri peninsula in Messina, (Sicily, Italy). They were reared in a tank at the Aquarium of Messina. Mussels, starfish, and holothurians were provided as feed for the tritons. Spawning occurred in November 2012, lasted for 15 days, yielding a total number of 500 egg capsules, with approximately 2.0-3.0 x 103 eggs/capsule. The snail did not eat during the month, in which spawned. Spawning behaviour and larval development of the triton was described. Key words: Charonia lampas lampas, Gastropod, triton, veliger, reproduction INTRODUCTION in the Western in the Eastern Mediterranean with probable co-occurrence in Malta (BEU, 1985, The triton Charonia seguenzae (ARADAS & 1987, 2010). BENOIT, 1870), in the past reported as Charonia The Gastropod Charonia lampas lampas variegata (CLENCH AND TURNER, 1957) or Cha- (Linnaeus, 1758) is a large Mediterranean Sea ronia tritonis variegata (BEU, 1970), was recently and Eastern Atlantic carnivorous mollusk from classified as a separate species present only in the Ranellidae family, Tonnoidea superfamily, the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (BEU, 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Marine Macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T
    NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 19 An annotated checklist of the marine macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T. Drumm • Katherine P. Maslenikov Robert Van Syoc • James W. Orr • Robert R. Lauth Duane E. Stevenson • Theodore W. Pietsch November 2016 U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Professional Penny Pritzker Secretary of Commerce National Oceanic Papers NMFS and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D. Sullivan Scientific Editor* Administrator Richard Langton National Marine National Marine Fisheries Service Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Science Center Maine Field Station Eileen Sobeck 17 Godfrey Drive, Suite 1 Assistant Administrator Orono, Maine 04473 for Fisheries Associate Editor Kathryn Dennis National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology Economics and Social Analysis Division 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 178 Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 Managing Editor Shelley Arenas National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Publications Office 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, Washington 98115 Editorial Committee Ann C. Matarese National Marine Fisheries Service James W. Orr National Marine Fisheries Service The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS (ISSN 1931-4590) series is pub- lished by the Scientific Publications Of- *Bruce Mundy (PIFSC) was Scientific Editor during the fice, National Marine Fisheries Service, scientific editing and preparation of this report. NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115. The Secretary of Commerce has The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series carries peer-reviewed, lengthy original determined that the publication of research reports, taxonomic keys, species synopses, flora and fauna studies, and data- this series is necessary in the transac- intensive reports on investigations in fishery science, engineering, and economics. tion of the public business required by law of this Department.
    [Show full text]
  • Mollusca, Gastropoda
    Contr. Tert. Quatern. Geol. 32(4) 97-132 43 figs Leiden, December 1995 An outline of cassoidean phylogeny (Mollusca, Gastropoda) Frank Riedel Berlin, Germany Riedel, Frank. An outline of cassoidean phylogeny (Mollusca, Gastropoda). — Contr. Tert. Quatern. Geo!., 32(4): 97-132, 43 figs. Leiden, December 1995. The phylogeny of cassoidean gastropods is reviewed, incorporating most of the biological and palaeontological data from the literature. Several characters have been checked personally and some new data are presented and included in the cladistic analysis. The Laubierinioidea, Calyptraeoidea and Capuloidea are used as outgroups. Twenty-three apomorphies are discussed and used to define cassoid relations at the subfamily level. A classification is presented in which only three families are recognised. The Ranellidae contains the subfamilies Bursinae, Cymatiinae and Ranellinae. The Pisanianurinae is removed from the Ranellidae and attributed to the Laubierinioidea.The Cassidae include the Cassinae, Oocorythinae, Phaliinae and Tonninae. The Ranellinae and Oocorythinae are and considered the of their families. The third the both paraphyletic taxa are to represent stem-groups family, Personidae, cannot be subdivided and for anatomical evolved from Cretaceous into subfamilies reasons probably the same Early gastropod ancestor as the Ranellidae. have from Ranellidae the Late Cretaceous. The Cassidae (Oocorythinae) appears to branched off the (Ranellinae) during The first significant radiation of the Ranellidae/Cassidaebranch took place in the Eocene. The Tonninae represents the youngest branch of the phylogenetic tree. Key words — Neomesogastropoda, Cassoidea, ecology, morphology, fossil evidence, systematics. Dr F. Riedei, Freie Universitat Berlin, Institut fiir Palaontologie, MalteserstraBe 74-100, Haus D, D-12249 Berlin, Germany. Contents superfamily, some of them presenting a complete classifi- cation.
    [Show full text]
  • Gradual Miocene to Pleistocene Uplift of the Central American Isthmus: Evidence from Tropical American Tonnoidean Gastropods Alan G
    J. Paleont., 75(3), 2001, pp. 706±720 Copyright q 2001, The Paleontological Society 0022-3360/01/0075-706$03.00 GRADUAL MIOCENE TO PLEISTOCENE UPLIFT OF THE CENTRAL AMERICAN ISTHMUS: EVIDENCE FROM TROPICAL AMERICAN TONNOIDEAN GASTROPODS ALAN G. BEU Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, P O Box 30368, Lower Hutt, New Zealand, ,[email protected]. ABSTRACTÐTonnoidean gastropods have planktotrophic larval lives of up to a year and are widely dispersed in ocean currents; the larvae maintain genetic exchange between adult populations. They therefore are expected to respond rapidly to new geographic barriers by either extinction or speciation. Fossil tonnoideans on the opposite coast of the Americas from their present-day range demonstrate that larval transport still was possible through Central America at the time of deposition of the fossils. Early Miocene occurrences of Cypraecassis tenuis (now eastern Paci®c) in the Caribbean probably indicate that constriction of the Central American seaway had commenced by Middle Miocene time. Pliocene larval transport through the seaway is demonstrated by Bursa rugosa (now eastern Paci®c) in Caribbean Miocene-latest Pliocene/Early Pleistocene rocks; Crossata ventricosa (eastern Paci®c) in late Pliocene rocks of Atlantic Panama; Distorsio clathrata (western Atlantic) in middle Pliocene rocks of Ecuador; Cymatium wiegmanni (eastern Paci®c) in middle Pliocene rocks of Atlantic Costa Rica; Sconsia sublaevigata (western Atlantic) in Pliocene rocks of Darien, Paci®c Panama; and Distorsio constricta (eastern Paci®c) in latest Pliocene-Early Pleistocene rocks of Atlantic Costa Rica. Continued Early or middle Pleistocene connections are demonstrated by Cymatium cingulatum (now Atlantic) in the Armuelles Formation of Paci®c Panama.
    [Show full text]
  • Atoll Research Bulletin No
    ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 410 ISSUED BY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITWSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. FEBRUARY 1994 CHAPTER 12 MARINE MOLLUSCS OF THE COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS Compared to other localities in the eastern Indian Ocean, the molluscs of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands were relatively well known prior to the Western Australian Museum survey in February 1989. Two short papers on the molluscs of the atolls were presented by Marratt (1879) and Rees (1950). A much more extensive list was prepared by Abbott (1950). Mrs. R.E.M. Ostheimer and Mrs. V.O. Maes spent the first two months of 1963 on Cocos collecting for the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, as part of the International Indian Ocean Expedition. aes (1967) presented a complete list of the species collected, and included records of species recorded by Marratt (1879) or Abbott (1950) that she did not collect on the islands. A total of 504 species were recorded, 379 of which were identified to species. With their longer time on the atoll Maes and Ostheimer naturally collected more species than the Western Australian Musuem expedition, but their collections were primarily restricted to relatively shallow water as they did not scuba-dive. They did however do some dredging in the lagoon. The Museum team collected in many of the same localities as Maes and Ostheimer, but also dived in a number of areas. Because of this many of the species which live in deeper water that were recorded by only a few specimens by Maes (1967) were shown to in fact be common.
    [Show full text]
  • Zooarchaeology of Cinnamon Bay, St. John, Us Virgin Islands
    Bull. Fla. Mus. Nat. Hist. (2003) 44(1): 131 -158 131 ZOOARCHAEOLOGY OF CINNAMON BAY, ST. JOHN, U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS: PRE-COLUMBIAN OVEREXPLOITATION OF ANIMAL RESOURCES Irvy R. Quitmyeri The zooarchaeological remains from a stratigraphic sequence excavated from the ceremonial site of Cinnamon Bay, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, were studied. The samples were recovered using a fine-gauge (1/16 in) screen. During the course of this study, 443 minimum numbers of individuals and 99 species of vertebrates and invertebrates were identified. The fauna was analyzed by estimating the trophic level of reef, inshore, and pelagic zooarchaeological components from three strata representing the Monserrate (ca. A.D. 950), Santa Elena (ca. A.D. 570), and Chican (ca. A.D. 460) ceramic periods. The trophic level model shows an initial increase in the trophic level of taxa from the reef between the Monserrate and Santa Elena periods. This initial increase corresponds to the exponential growth of midden density. Relative to the earlier faunal assemblages, midden density and the mean trophic level of reef resources declines during the Chican period. Greater reliance on pelagic species from the deeper waters offshore and the increased use of mollusks from inshore habitats is also seen. The data show that at low levels of cultural complexity humans can alter their environments. This is particularly true of island biota where biological reservoirs are small. Key words: candy, Caribbean, island biogeography, trophic level, zooarchaeology This chapter presents a study of well-recovered Caribbean pre-Columbian people is not well zooarchaeological remains from the Cinnamon Bay site understood and should be considered in its formative (12Vam-2-3), St.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Mollusks of Bahía Málaga, Colombia (Tropical Eastern Pacific)
    10TH ANNIVERSARY ISSUE Check List the journal of biodiversity data LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 11(1): 1497, January 2015 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.1.1497 ISSN 1809-127X © 2015 Check List and Authors Marine mollusks of Bahía Málaga, Colombia (Tropical Eastern Pacific) Luz Ángela López de Mesa1* and Jaime R. Cantera2 1 Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Biology, 6300 Ocean Dr. CS 239 annex, Corpus Christi, TX, USA 2 Universidad del Valle, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Calle 13 # 100-00, Cali, Colombia * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: A checklist of mollusks reported in Bahía Málaga hence high biodiversity. Its littoral zone, with an area of 136 (Valle del Cauca, Colombia) was developed through recent km2, is composed of different ecosystems, such as rocky and samplings in the zone (2004–2012), together with bibliograph- sandy shores, muddy flats, and mangrove forests (Cantera ic and museums’ collections reviews. Species’ distributions 1991). in Bahía Málaga were established through 18 different sub- Rocky shores in Bahía Málaga may consist of cliffs and/or regions, which included the inner, middle and outer zones of boulders. The range in the size and texture of the particles the bay. A revision of the western American distribution for present in the rocky shores allow for a variety of microhabi- the species was also carried out. A total of 426 species were tats, making it a very diverse ecosystem (INVEMAR et al. found, of which 44 were new reports for the Colombian Pacific 2007). Sandy beaches consist of very fine particles that may coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution, Distribution, and Phylogenetic Clumping of a Repeated Gastropod Innovation
    Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2017, 180, 732–754. With 5 figures. The varix: evolution, distribution, and phylogenetic clumping of a repeated gastropod innovation NICOLE B. WEBSTER1* and GEERAT J. VERMEIJ2 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9 2Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Received 27 June 2016; revised 4 October 2016; accepted for publication 25 October 2016 A recurrent theme in evolution is the repeated, independent origin of broadly adaptive, architecturally and function- ally similar traits and structures. One such is the varix, a shell-sculpture innovation in gastropods. This periodic shell thickening functions mainly to defend the animal against shell crushing and peeling predators. Varices can be highly elaborate, forming broad wings or spines, and are often aligned in synchronous patterns. Here we define the different types of varices, explore their function and morphological variation, document the recent and fossil distri- bution of varicate taxa, and discuss emergent patterns of evolution. We conservatively found 41 separate origins of varices, which were concentrated in the more derived gastropod clades and generally arose since the mid-Mesozoic. Varices are more prevalent among marine, warm, and shallow waters, where predation is intense, on high-spired shells and in clades with collabral ribs. Diversification rates were correlated in a few cases with the presence of varices, especially in the Muricidae and Tonnoidea, but more than half of the origins are represented by three or fewer genera. Varices arose many times in many forms, but generally in a phylogenetically clumped manner (more frequently in particular higher taxa), a pattern common to many adaptations.
    [Show full text]
  • Ranellidae and Personidae
    RANELLIDAE AND PERSONIDAE: A CLASSIFICATION OF RECENT SPECIES Betty Jean Piech Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from IMLS LG-70-15-0138-15 https://archive.org/details/ranellidaepersonOOunse - 3 - INTRODUCTION, NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In 1972, Dr. Rudolf Kilias authored an excellent monograph on the Family Cymatiidae. The following years have brought many changes; i.e., the family name is now Ranellidae, and distorsios are a separate family called Personidae. Therefore it was felt that a more up-to-date classification was needed as a guide for research and curatorial work. The classification herein presented is based on the examination of specimens in various museums and private collections, literature research, and exchange of information. No anatomical work was done. In the few cases where previously-used placement was changed, the entry is marked < *> indicating the decision was based on the author's unpublished research. New species were evaluated as they were published and added if they were considered to be valid. Those not accepted were placed in synonymy and also marked < *> . In a few cases where it was not possible to obtain specimens of newly-named species for examination and the available information did not seem adequate to make a definitive decision, the name was entered as a species and marked <**> indicating validity had not been verified. The format used is a listing of each subfamily, genus and subgenus, and species and subspecies, followed by synonyms in chronological order. Under each of these categories, the type is placed first followed in alphabetical order by the remainder of those that make up that specific group.
    [Show full text]