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Aboriginal People See Indigenous People Acid Sulfate Soils, 465 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67982-4 - Environmental Biology Edited by Mike Calver, Alan Lymbery, Jen McComb and Mike Bamford Index More information Index Aboriginal people tissue formation, 259–65 see Indigenous people transportation of sugars, 273 acid sulfate soils, 465 underground organs, 266 agricultural ecosystems, 9–10, 357 water acquisition and use, 270–1 energy inputs, 11 woody habit, 266–8 productivity of, 11 xylem and phloem, 263 slash-and-burn farming, 10 animals, 286–301 agriculture, 154, 356, 401, 403 adaptation to hot, dry environments, 529 Akaike information criterion, 36 adaptation to low nutrients, 532–3 algae, 422 adaptation to aquatic life, 490–1 brown algae, 213 adaptation to cold environments, 525–7 green algae, 212, 422 adaptation to extreme conditions, 507 macroalgae, 422–3 animal ethics, 26 microphytobenthos, 422 bilateral symmetry, 295, 299 phytoplankton, 422 body plans, 294, 297, 299–300 red algae, 211, 445 classifi cation of, 299–300, 336 Alveolata, 213 coelom, 297, 318 amensalism, 390 common problems faced, 289 amino acids, 92 defi nition, 287–9 amoebozoans, 208–9 dietary strategies, 532 amphibians, 348–50 diversity of, 286–301 chytridiomycosis, 221 domestication of, 9, 116 angiosperms, 231, 254–7 embryonic development, 295 apical meristems, 259–65 excretion of nitrogenous wastes, 294 body form, 258–60 features of, 289 characteristics of, 256 the freshwater environment and, 291–2 classifi cation of, 256 hibernation, 525 dispersal, 273–81 impact of urban development, 30–2 fl ower structure, 273–5 infl uence of the environment on, 289–94 fruit and seed dispersal, 278–9 invertebrates, 304–31 fruit development, 278 lifestyles, 294–6 herbaceous habit, 265 the marine environment and, 290–1 identifi cation of, 256–7 mark-release-recapture techniques, internal transport systems, 270–3 370–72 leaves, 268–70 osmotic regulation in, 291 life cycle, 273 radial symmetry, 295, 299 nutrient uptake, 272 removal methods, 369 pollination, 277 sampling populations of, 367, 369, 370–2, reproduction, 273–81 387 seed development, 27–8 sectional planes of, 288–9 seed germination, 279–81 size of, 297–8 sexual reproduction, 275–7 the terrestrial environment and, 293–4 structure of, 257–68 vertebrates, 335–58 structure of wood, 266–8 water loss by evaporation, 293 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67982-4 - Environmental Biology Edited by Mike Calver, Alan Lymbery, Jen McComb and Mike Bamford Index More information 654 Index annelids numerical superiority of, 321 see segmented worms reproduction, 324 antibiotic resistance, 191 respiration and circulation, 323 apicomplexans, 215–16 skeleton and locomotion, 322 aquaculture, 419 asexual reproduction, 106, 439 aquatic environments, inland, 452–77 Atherton to the Alps, 579–80 acidity or alkalinity in, 464–5 atmosphere, circulation of, 502 biodiversity and functionality of, 473, 482 ATP (adenosine triphosphate), 59, 66, chemical stratifi cation, 475–7 67, 77 colour, 459–60 Australia consequences of stratifi cation, 475–7 arid ecosystems of, 153, 611 density of, 473 arrival of Aboriginal people, 152–5 dissolved oxygen, 463–4 Atherton to the Alps project, 579–80 diversity of, 453–7 biodiversity, 138, 304 ecology of, 481–97 biomes, 509 environmental factors in, 458–77 Bush Heritage Australia, 566 eutrophication, 472 cave spiders, 395 human impacts on, 461, 462, 465, 467, climate, 507 472–3 climate change, 358 importance of, 482 conservation of vertebrates, 356–8 lakes, 464, 475, 477 declining ecosystems in, 405 lentic environments, 482–91 desert frogs, 529 light, 458 deserts, 152 lotic environments, 491–6 dingo, 380 nutrients, 468–73 effi ciency of water use of fl ora, 271 osmoregulation in, 467 endemic fauna, 507 salinity, 466–7 endemic fl ora, 249 stratifi cation, 473–7 Environment Protection and Biodiversity temperature, 462 Conservation Act 1999 (Cth), 357, 542, thermal stratifi cation, 464–75 545, 572, 573, 604 threats to, 482 environmental awareness and turbidity, 460–61 responsibility, 613 vulnerability to secondary salinisation, 467 eudicotyledons, 256 archaea, 185–6 extinctions, 610 cell walls, 185 extinctions of Australian fl ora, 249, 357 plasma membranes, 185 fauna of, 354, 507–8, 513 tRNA, 185 feral pigs, 108 Archaeplastida, 209–212 fi re, 153, 357, 402–3, 501 chloroplastids (green algae), 212 fl oods and droughts, 493 glaucophytes, 211 fl ora of, 507 rhodophyceae (red algae), 211 fossil record, 152 Armistead, Rodney, 526 fossils, 336 arthropods, 321–4 Gondwanalink, 579–80 body plan, 322 granite rock formations, 519 classifi cation of, 322 grasslands, 513 excretion, 323 habitat degradation and loss, 356 exoskeleton, 322 history of Australian biota, 151–2 feeding and digestion, 323 hunting, 357 nervous and endocrine systems, 323–4 Intertidal Protected Areas, 567 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67982-4 - Environmental Biology Edited by Mike Calver, Alan Lymbery, Jen McComb and Mike Bamford Index More information Index 655 introduced species, 198, 249, 357, 363, 378, bioaccumulation, 401 379, 508 biodiversity, 361 isolation of, 506 arguments for conservation of, 561–3, Kakadu wetlands, 452 563–5 Landcare acrivities, 566 defi nitions of, 160 lizards, 351 and urban development, 30 mallee growth form, 528 biodiversity conservation, 155, 598 management of small macropods, 381 biodiversity hotspots, 550 Marine Protected Areas in Victoria, 444 biogeography, 114, 139–44 Martu people of Western Australia, 9 biological control, 198 megafauna, 154, 155 population ecology and, 379–80 Mount Hotham, 526 virally vectored immunocontraception, 198 Murray-Darling river system, 614 biomes, 508–16 National Strategy for the Conservation of changes in, 515–16 Australia’s Biological Diversity, 604 southern and northern views of, 509 nectar-feeding honey possum, 108 BIOPAT, 175 plant adaptation to fi re-prone bioregions, 141 environments, 501 biosphere, 3 Project Aware on the Rocks, 567–8 ecosystems and, 405 rainforest, 151, 153, 511 energy fl ow in, 81–4 reptiles, 352 Birch, Charles, 609 Riversleigh fauna, 153 birds savannas, 513 endothermy, 353 seagrasses, 424 features of, 352–3 sheep, 609 habitats of, 353 smoke and germination, 279–81 migration, 353, 573 soils, 272, 507 parental care of young, 353 susceptibility to ENSO, 507, 527 removal of excess salt, 435 tree ferns, 241 reproduction, 353 wetlands, 490–1 Birds Australia, 616 Australian Conservation Foundation, 444, 566 black-footed rock-wallabies, 28–9 Australian Marine Conservation Society, 444 Blumenbach, Johnan, 335 autotrophs, 67, 82, 187, 389 bogong moths, 601 brine shrimp, 291 bacillariophyta, 213 broad-toothed rat, 37 Bacillus thuringiensis, 198 Brock, Thomas, 182 bacteria, 185–6 Brooks, Shane, 589 cell walls, 185 brown algae, 213, 422 extremophilic, 186 Brown, Robert, 45 plasma membranes, 185 brush-tailed phascogale, 32 thermophilic, 182 bryophytes, 231, 232–3 tRNA, 185 Bush Heritage Australia, 566 bacteriophages, 57 Baltimore, David, 195 Californian condor, 53 basidomycetes, 225 Calvin cycle, 73–6 Bayesian approach to science, 36–8 CAM plants, 75–6, 528 Beadle, Noel, 531 camoufl age, 390–1 bettong, 363, 381 cane toads, 128, 380 Biejerinck, Martinus, 193 Cape Range National Park, 395 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67982-4 - Environmental Biology Edited by Mike Calver, Alan Lymbery, Jen McComb and Mike Bamford Index More information 656 Index Capel Wetlands Centre, Western Australia, 481 chondrichthyes, 345–6 captive breeding programs, 113, 126, 331 chordates, 335–58 carbohydrates, 44 defi nition, 336 carbon cycle, 399 features of, 336 Catchment Management Authorities, Victoria, Chromalveolata, 212–16 589–90 apicomplexans, 215–16 cats, and wildlife, 216 bacillariophyta (diatoms), 213 cave spiders, 395 ciliates, 215 cell theory, 43–61, 65–84, 88–109 dinofl agellates, 214 cells oomycetes (water moulds), 213–14 cell cycle, 100 phaeophyceae (brown algae), 213 cell division, 61, 100 chromosomes, 89, 103, 106 characteristics of, 48 see also DNA, genes chloroplasts, 59 chytridiomycosis, 221 control of cell function, 94–9 chytrids, 223–4 cytoskeleton and movement, 60 ciliates, 215 division of, 100–7 citric acid cycle, 78 DNA in chloroplasts and mitochondria, 60 cladistic analysis, 167, 169 energy conversion, 59–60 classifi cation, 160–6, 171 eukaryotic cells, 49–51 domains, 178 fungal cells, 50 evolutionary, 163–5, 166, 171 mitochondrion, 59–60 importance of, 165 nucleus, 56–7 kingdoms, 178 organelles, 56–9 molecular, 301 photosynthesis, 68–76 phylogenetic approach, 171, 300 plant cells, 50 political ramifi cations of, 165 prokaryotic cells, 49 superkingdoms, 178 respiration, 76–81 taxa, 176–7 ribosomes, 60 taxonomy, 161–3 size of cells, 46–8 classifi cation and identifi cation, Chagas disease, 218 160–178 characters, 117 climate analogous, 168, 170 El Niño-Southern Oscillation, 504 ancestral, 169 infl uence of isolation and seasons, 502–3 continuous, 121, 122, 129 landscape and, 503 derived, 169 Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals discrete, 121, 122 for Scientifi c Purposes, 26 homologous, 168, 170 commensalism, 390 molecular, 169–70 communities, 380–405 Chase, Martha, 57 animal communities, 387 chemosysthesis, 66 characteristics of, 385–9 China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement, comparing communities, 387 572, 573 competition, 392 chlorophyll, 72 conservation of, 549 chloroplastids (green algae), 212 and ecosystems, 393–401 life
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