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Angela Merici: the Scribe and the Witnesses

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Angela Merici: the Scribe and the Witnesses ANGELAANGELA MERICIMERICI - The scribe and the witnesses The scribe and the witnesses ANGELA MERICI MERICI ANGELA Presented by Marie-Bénédicte Rio, osu ANGELA MERICI The scribe and the witnesses Three writings of Gabriel Cozzano, Angela's secretary and Chancellor of the Company (1540 - 1546) Testimonies of the life of the Reverend Mother Sister Angela Franciscan Tertiary or "Processo Nazari" (1568) ______________ Translated from the ancient texts ______________ Roman Union of the Order of Saint Ursula Via Nomentana, 236 I - 00162 ROMA Rome, 2020 Basic Texts EPISTOLA CONFORTATORIA alle vergini della Compagnia di sant'Orsola composta per il suo cancelgliere Gabriello Cozzano. Città del Vaticano. Archivio Segreto Vaticano. S.C. Rit. Processus 341, ff. 958v-969r. RISPOSTA contro quelli persuadono la clausura alle Vergini di sant' Orsola. Brescia, Biblioteca Queriniana, ms. D.VII.8. DICHIARAZIONE DELLA BOLLA Città del Vaticano. Archivio Segreto Vaticano. S.C. Rit. Processus 341, ff. 969r-983r. * * * Le Justificationi della Vita della Reverenda Madre Suor Angela Terzebita Città del Vaticano. Archivio Segreto Vaticano. S.C. Rit. Processus 341, ff. 936v-945v. 5 6 CONTENTS GABRIEL COZZANO Introduction 11 11 Letter of comfort to the virgins 21 of the Company of St Ursula written by its chancellor Gabriel Cozzano 19 Reply against those who want to urge 41 the virgins of St Ursula to enter a monastery 37 Commentary on the Bull of Paul III 75 83 THE PROCESSO NAZARI Introduction 103 113 The witnesses: Antonio Romano 111 123 Bertolino Boscoli 117 130 Giacomo Chizzola 118 131 Agostino Gallo 119 132 7 8 GABRIELE COZZANO The three writings of Gabriel Cozzano • "Epistola Confortatoria" to the virgins of the Company of St Ursula. • "Risposta" against those who want to urge the virgins of St Ursula to enter a monastery. •"Dichiarazione della Bolla" Translation into English by M. IGNATIUS STONE, osu from the French translation by MARIE-BÉNÉDICTE Rio, osu making occasional use of the modern Italian version by ELISA TAROLLI Angela Merici - Lettere del segretario - 1540-1546, Áncora gennaio 2000 Rome, 2001 9 10 Introduction Three writings — but supposing there had been a fourth? This is not altogether unthinkable when one reads the "Preface to the reader", copied out between the end of 1545 and the beginning of 1546 in the Trivulzian codex just before the "Regula". Written when? A little earlier no doubt. Its au- thor, anonymous, knows the Company well; the thinking, the style, the tone have a Cozzano "flavour". Listen to the words: "Who is the person who would be envious or spiteful enough to dare open his mouth boldly?" Does this not recall Cozza- no? What is more, if, as it is thought, it was the case of preparing the copy of the Rule for printing, to whom would those in charge of the Company have turned for a preface to it but to the one who had taken it down from the lips of the Foundress herself and who, in addition, was the chancellor of the Company? But analysing this text would yield us nothing that we could not find elsewhere. So let us leave it anonymous. * * * Gabriel Cozzano. A man of indeterminate age, appar- ently rather dull, about whom practically nothing is known except that he is called "grammaticus et litterarum professor" in the epitaph which he composed for Angela's tomb, and "notary" in an official act. This is the man of discretion, though, whom Angela chose to be her private secretary before appointing him chancellor of the Company and its protector. When and how did she get to know him? We do not know. Perhaps he had been a tutor to the young Patengola children; Angela would then have had the opportunity to meet him when she was staying with their mother, Catherine Paten- gola, and to recognise in him the sterling qualities that would 11 stand her in good stead later. It does not matter really; what counts is what Angela and the young Company saw in him. We can only refer you here to the study made on the subject in the work of Luciana Mariani, Elisa Tarolli and Marie Sey- naeve which from now on will be referred to by the letters MTS.1 What counts also is that it is from Cozzano that we learn about the Madre, her intentions, and about the life of the early maidens of the Company. He pours all his heart and zeal into this, thereby discounting any suggestion that he was an unfeeling man. We cannot but be moved by his loyalty to the foundress, her thought and her work. This is how he presents the Madre surrounded by her daughters: "She was like a sun that gave light to all the others. She was like a fire, a conflagration of love that set them all alight. She was like a throne of God which instructed them..." (MTS, p.176). He shows her welcoming suggestions from her "giovinette", discussing them with them, encouraging them to try them out (cf. MTS, p. 391). Cozzano gives us some explanation, as far as it is possi- ble, of Angela's regret at having been so slow to begin to serve his divine Majesty (cf. Rule V, 27) by making us feel her hesi- tations: "First of all, God himself inspired and at the same time com- pelled our Mother foundress to plant and to establish in his name this holy Rule of life. So very true is this, that she did not call it her Compa- ny, but that of Jesus Christ...and although she had been inspired with the idea of it from an early age and shown it from on high, and although she had a great longing for it, she had never wanted to start it, however, until commanded by Jesus Christ to do so, until he had cried out within her heart and had impelled and constrained her to begin and to establish it" (MTS, p. 255). 1 MARIANI, TAROLLI, SEYNAEVE, Angela Merici, Contribution towards a Biography, Áncora- Mediaspaul, 1989. See especially pages 25-27; 145-148; 159163; 268-269; 317-322; 329-350. 12 Then there is that little personal detail which brings us a new insight into Angela's intimacy with her Lord: "How many times, not in a human spirit or in a spirit of untruthfulness and vanity, but through the power of the Holy Spirit, she used to call him her "LOVER ", so close was this generous and sublime soul bound to God by love" (Dichiarazione, f. 969v). Cozzano is the first to set out clearly Angela's aims in establishing the Company: to restore the honoured place of the "apostolic life" in the Church of her day, in other words a "life according to that lived by the Apostles and early Church... the most perfect life there has ever been or ever will be... the life of the first flowers of the Holy Church, and especially of the Madonna... this life which Jesus Christ, coming forth from the bosom of the Father, brought from heaven, and wanted to live..." (MTS, p.160). And through Angela's ef- forts, that life has now been "planted anew" on earth. Cozzano continues by pointing out how this "apostolic life" was lived by Angela's first daughters — and by the Madre herself. This is the first account of what will be, for Ursulines, the ideal of a life completely unified in the Holy Spirit: "An active life, but with the mind always raised heavenwards... Thus [the virgins] live among human cares and troubles, but without losing that special peace of mind of those who constantly place their trust in the peace- ful help and consolation of the Holy Spirit... And so, living in the midst of the world and this active life, they enjoy the contemplative. And, in an admirable way, they synthesis together the two ways of life. The height of contemplation does not distract from daily tasks and these tasks do not distract from enjoying the things of heaven. And the heavenly light does not suppress the activities. Thus, the Apostles, and numerous other mar- tyrs, virgins and confessors, in the midst of their work that they were carrying out solely for pure love of God, were nearer to God than others ever were who, freed from any human worries, devoted themselves entirely to contemplation. Such is the life of this Company. Such was the kind of life led by the Foundress. New apostle in this corrupt age of ours, such was this heavenly virgin" (Risposta, [50r-51v]; cf. also MTS, pp. 159-162). 13 Yes, Cozzano certainly understood Angela well. *** But when the Madre is slandered, her intentions dis- torted and her work threatened, the faithful secretary sees red; he becomes the fierce champion of all that Angela had stood for, and he goes into the attack. With a fiery spirit and passion, together with his legal knowledge, he makes a formidable pol- emist. This may be the place to recall a few points. Angela's death had left the Company distraught. Her undertaking was so new, so audacious, that certain souls even within the Company itself were wracked with doubt, while from without all kinds of criticism rained down, both from the civil society and from ecclesiastical circles. There were attacks against Angela, against her foundation, and manoeuvres to bring about a more normal situation by urging the young members of the Company to marry or to enter a convent. Cozzano reacted with two writings probably written about the same time. To the virgins of the Company, he wrote an "Epistola confortatoria" — a letter of comfort — to encourage them in their vocation and to show them its beauty: "All Cozzano's grief is expressed in this letter; his search for comforting ar- guments is touching; his faithful devotion to the Foundress makes him adopt an almost paternal way of speaking and he adopts expressions which echo Angela's teachings..
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