DOCSLIB.ORG

Country Partnership Framework

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Country Partnership Framework Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 117875-CN INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION MULTILATERAL INVESTMENT GUARANTEE AGENCY Public Disclosure Authorized COUNTRY PARTNERSHIP FRAMEWORK FOR THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Public Disclosure Authorized FOR THE PERIOD FY2020-2025 November 11, 2019 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development China, Mongolia, and Korea Country Management Unit East Asia and Pacific Region International Finance Corporation East Asia and Pacific Region Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank Group authorization. Last Country Partnership Strategy: October 11, 2012 (Report No. 67566) CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of October 30, 2019) Currency Unit = Renminbi (RMB) US$1.00 = RMB 7.06 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank MOF Ministry of Finance ASA Advisory Services and Analytics MP Montreal Protocol CHUEE China Utility-Based Energy Efficiency MSME Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise Finance Program (IFC) NDC Nationally Determined Contribution CO2 Carbon Dioxide NDRC National Development Reform Commission CPS Country Partnership Strategy NGO Non-Governmental Organization CPF Country Partnership Framework NPS Non-Point Source (Pollution) CLR Completion and Learning Review ODS Ozone-Depleting Substances DPF Development Policy Financing OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and DRC Development Research Center of the State Development Council PFM Public Finance Management EAP East Asia and the Pacific PforR Program for Results ECE Early Childhood Education PLR Performance and Learning Review EE Energy Efficiency PM Particle Matter E&S Environmental and Social PMO Project Management Office ESCO Energy Service Company POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants ESF Environment and Social Framework PPP Purchasing Power Parity ETS Emissions Trading Scheme PPP Public-Private Partnership FY Fiscal Year RAS Reimbursable Advisory Service FYP Five-Year Plan R&D Research and Development GDI Graduation Discussion Income RMB Renminbi (China’s currency) GDP Gross Domestic Product SCD Systematic Country Diagnostic GEF Global Environmental Facility SME Small- and Medium-sized Enterprise GHG Greenhouse Gas SO2 Sulfur Dioxide GNI Gross National Income SOE State-Owned Enterprise HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbons S&T Science and Technology HFC Hydrofluorocarbons TA Technical Assistance IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Development Training IDA International Development Association UDIC Urban Development Infrastructure IFC International Finance Corporation Cooperation IMF International Monetary Fund UN United Nations MARA Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund MCDF Multilateral Center for Development Finance US United States MDGs Millennium Development Goals WBG World Bank Group MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency WHO World Health Organization IBRD IFC MIGA Vice President Victoria Kwakwa Snezana Stoiljkovic S.Vijay Iyer (Acting EVP) Director Martin Raiser Vivek Pathak Merli Baroudi Task Team Leader Kathryn Funk / Nico Randall Riopelle / Eugeniu Croitor / von der Goltz John Nasir / Alexei Sandro Diez-Amigo Volkov COUNTRY PARTNERSHIP FRAMEWORK FOR THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Table of Contents I. Country Context and Challenges ............................................................................................ 1 A. Economic and Social Developments ................................................................................ 1 B. China’s Medium-Term Challenges and Strategy ............................................................. 5 II. The World Bank Group Track Record and Lessons Learned ............................................. 13 III. The World Bank Group Strategy ....................................................................................... 17 A. Framework for World Bank Group Engagement in China ............................................ 17 B. Engagement Area One: Advancing Market and Fiscal Reforms ................................... 23 C. Engagement Area Two: Promoting Greener Development............................................ 26 D. Engagement Area Three: Sharing the Benefits of Growth ............................................ 33 E. Cross-Cutting Theme: Cooperating on Global Knowledge and Development .............. 36 IV. Delivering the World Bank Group Program...................................................................... 39 V. Managing Risks .................................................................................................................. 40 Boxes Box 1: Poverty and Inequality in China .................................................................................... 4 Box 2: Key Development Priorities, Underlying Institutions, Reform Challenges ................. 10 Box 3: Examples of Climate Change-Related Results During the 2012 CPS ......................... 14 Box 4: FY19 China Country Survey ....................................................................................... 16 Box 5: IBRD Lending to China ............................................................................................... 19 Box 6: One World Bank Group in China ................................................................................ 21 Box 7: The 3 “D’s—Reducing Distortions, Accelerating Diffusion, Fostering Discovery ..... 24 Box 8: China as an IDA Contributing Partner ......................................................................... 37 Box 9: The China-WBG Partnership Facility Trust Fund ....................................................... 38 Tables Table 1: China: Selected Economic and Social Indicators and Projections, 2015-2021 ........... 2 Table 2: Selected Targets in the 13th Five-Year Plan .............................................................. 11 Table 3: Key Advisory Services and Analytics by Area of Engagement ................................ 22 Table 4: Engagement Area 1--Institutional Constraints .......................................................... 23 Table 5: Engagement Area 2--Institutional Constraints .......................................................... 27 Table 6: Engagement Area 3--Institutional Constraints .......................................................... 34 Table 7: Summary Risk Table ................................................................................................. 41 Annexes Annex 1: China Country Partnership Framework Results Matrix ........................................... 42 Annex 2: WBG Completion and Learning Review ................................................................. 58 Annex 3: Selected Indicators of Bank Portfolio Performance and Management .................. 103 Annex 4: Operations Portfolio (IBRD/IDA and Grants) ....................................................... 104 Annex 5: Statement of IFC’s Committed and Outstanding Portfolio .................................... 107 Annex 6: China -- Indicative IBRD Financing, FY20-22 ..................................................... 109 Executive Summary Following four decades of high growth and poverty reduction, China has entered a new stage of development. Since the start of China’s reform and opening up in the late 1970s, GDP growth has averaged almost 10 percent a year and more than 850 million people have lifted themselves out of poverty. China today is an upper middle-income country and its economy has global importance. However, over the past few years, growth has moderated in the face of structural constraints, including declining labor force growth, diminishing returns to investment, and slowing productivity. The challenge going forward is to find new drivers of growth while addressing the social and environmental legacies of China’s previous development path. Governance and institutional reforms are at the core of addressing China’s remaining development challenges, as noted in the World Bank Group Systematic Country Diagnostic for China and China’s own strategic policy documents. China’s rapid economic growth exceeded the pace of institutional development, and there are important institutional and reform gaps that China needs to address to ensure a high-quality and sustainable growth path. The role of the state needs to evolve and focus on providing stable market expectations and a clear and fair business environment, as well as strengthening the regulatory system and the rule of law to further support the market system. Given its size, China is central to important regional and global development issues. China is the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, and its air and water pollution could affect other countries. Moreover, maintaining economic growth at reasonable levels has important spillovers for the growth of the rest of the world economy. Many of the complex development challenges that China faces are relevant to other countries, including transitioning to a new growth model, rapid aging, building a cost- effective health system, and building resilience to climate and natural disasters. China is a growing influence on other developing economies through trade, investment, and ideas. The China-World Bank Group (WBG) relationship, which will complete 40 years in 2020,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Evaluation of Poverty Prevalence in China: New Evidence from Four
    An Evaluation of Poverty Prevalence in China: New Evidence from Four Recent Surveys Chunni ZHANG, Qi XU, Xiang ZHOU, Xiaobo ZHANG, Yu XIE Abstract In this paper, we calculate and compare the poverty incidence rate in China using four nationally representative surveys: the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS, 2010), the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS, 2010), the Chinese Household Finance Survey (CHFS, 2011), and the Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP, 2007). Using both international and official domestic poverty standards, we show that poverty prevalence at the national, rural, and urban levels based on the CFPS, CGSS and CHFS are much higher than official estimation and those based on the CHIP. The study highlights the importance of using independent datasets to validate official statistics of public and policy concern in contemporary China. 1 An Evaluation of Poverty Prevalence in China: New Evidence from Four Recent Surveys Since the economic reform began in 1978, China’s economic growth has not only greatly improved the average standard of living in China but also been credited with lifting hundreds of millions of Chinese out of poverty. According to one report (Ravallion and Chen, 2007), the poverty rate dropped from 53% in 1981 to 8% in 2001. Because of the vast size of the Chinese population, even a seemingly low poverty rate of 8% implies that there were still more than 100 million Chinese people living in poverty, a sizable subpopulation exceeding the national population of the Philippines and falling slightly short of the total population of Mexico. Hence, China still faces an enormous task in eradicating poverty.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1: Rank of China's 338 Prefecture-Level Cities
    Appendix 1: Rank of China’s 338 Prefecture-Level Cities © The Author(s) 2018 149 Y. Zheng, K. Deng, State Failure and Distorted Urbanisation in Post-Mao’s China, 1993–2012, Palgrave Studies in Economic History, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92168-6 150 First-tier cities (4) Beijing Shanghai Guangzhou Shenzhen First-tier cities-to-be (15) Chengdu Hangzhou Wuhan Nanjing Chongqing Tianjin Suzhou苏州 Appendix Rank 1: of China’s 338 Prefecture-Level Cities Xi’an Changsha Shenyang Qingdao Zhengzhou Dalian Dongguan Ningbo Second-tier cities (30) Xiamen Fuzhou福州 Wuxi Hefei Kunming Harbin Jinan Foshan Changchun Wenzhou Shijiazhuang Nanning Changzhou Quanzhou Nanchang Guiyang Taiyuan Jinhua Zhuhai Huizhou Xuzhou Yantai Jiaxing Nantong Urumqi Shaoxing Zhongshan Taizhou Lanzhou Haikou Third-tier cities (70) Weifang Baoding Zhenjiang Yangzhou Guilin Tangshan Sanya Huhehot Langfang Luoyang Weihai Yangcheng Linyi Jiangmen Taizhou Zhangzhou Handan Jining Wuhu Zibo Yinchuan Liuzhou Mianyang Zhanjiang Anshan Huzhou Shantou Nanping Ganzhou Daqing Yichang Baotou Xianyang Qinhuangdao Lianyungang Zhuzhou Putian Jilin Huai’an Zhaoqing Ningde Hengyang Dandong Lijiang Jieyang Sanming Zhoushan Xiaogan Qiqihar Jiujiang Longyan Cangzhou Fushun Xiangyang Shangrao Yingkou Bengbu Lishui Yueyang Qingyuan Jingzhou Taian Quzhou Panjin Dongying Nanyang Ma’anshan Nanchong Xining Yanbian prefecture Fourth-tier cities (90) Leshan Xiangtan Zunyi Suqian Xinxiang Xinyang Chuzhou Jinzhou Chaozhou Huanggang Kaifeng Deyang Dezhou Meizhou Ordos Xingtai Maoming Jingdezhen Shaoguan
    [Show full text]
  • Elevated Microrna-145 Inhibits the Development of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Inactivating ERK/MAPK Signaling Pathway by Down-Regulating
    Bioscience Reports (2019) 39 BSR20182214 https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20182214 Research Article Elevated microRNA-145 inhibits the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma through inactivating ERK/MAPK signaling pathway by down-regulating HOXA1 Downloaded from http://portlandpress.com/bioscirep/article-pdf/39/6/BSR20182214/846268/bsr-2018-2214.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 Junhai Ding1,*, Dubin Sun2,* and Pengfeng Xie3 1Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272100, P.R. China; 2Department of Stomatology, Zoucheng People’s Hospital, Zoucheng 273500, P.R. China; 3Special Functions Section, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan 250001, P.R. China Correspondence: Pengfeng Xie ([email protected]) Background: Oral cancer is one of the most frequent solid cancers worldwide, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes approximately 90% of oral cancers. The dis- covery of reliable prognostic indicators would be a potential strategy for OSCC treatment. In the present study, we aim to explore the underlying mechanism by which microRNA-145 (miR-145) affected OSCC. Methods: Forty-eight patients diagnosed with OSCC were en- rolled to obtain the OSCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The targeting relationship between miR-145 and Homeobox A1 (HOXA1) was verified. In order to assess the effects of miR-145 in OSCC and the detailed regulatory mechanism, the SCC-9 cell line was adopted, in which expression of miR-145 and HOXA1 were altered by transfection. Then, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to evaluate the cell viability, migration, in- vasion, and tumor growth. Results: miR-145 was poorly expressed and HOXA1 was highly expressed in OSCC.
    [Show full text]
  • Englischer Diplomat, Commissioner Chinese Maritime Customs Biographie 1901 James Acheson Ist Konsul Des Englischen Konsulats in Qiongzhou
    Report Title - p. 1 of 348 Report Title Acheson, James (um 1901) : Englischer Diplomat, Commissioner Chinese Maritime Customs Biographie 1901 James Acheson ist Konsul des englischen Konsulats in Qiongzhou. [Qing1] Aglen, Francis Arthur = Aglen, Francis Arthur Sir (Scarborough, Yorkshire 1869-1932 Spital Perthshire) : Beamter Biographie 1888 Francis Arthur Aglen kommt in Beijing an. [ODNB] 1888-1894 Francis Arthur Aglen ist als Assistent für den Chinese Maritime Customs Service in Beijing, Xiamen (Fujian), Guangzhou (Guangdong) und Tianjin tätig. [CMC1,ODNB] 1894-1896 Francis Arthur Aglen ist Stellvertretender Kommissar des Inspektorats des Chinese Maritime Customs Service in Beijing. [CMC1] 1899-1903 Francis Arthur Aglen ist Kommissar des Chinese Maritime Customs Service in Nanjing. [ODNB,CMC1] 1900 Francis Arthur Aglen ist General-Inspektor des Chinese Maritime Customs Service in Shanghai. [ODNB] 1904-1906 Francis Arthur Aglen ist Chefsekretär des Chinese Maritime Customs Service in Beijing. [CMC1] 1907-1910 Francis Arthur Aglen ist Kommissar des Chinese Maritime Customs Service in Hankou (Hubei). [CMC1] 1910-1927 Francis Arthur Aglen ist zuerst Stellvertretender General-Inspektor, dann General-Inspektor des Chinese Maritime Customs Service in Beijing. [ODNB,CMC1] Almack, William (1811-1843) : Englischer Teehändler Bibliographie : Autor 1837 Almack, William. A journey to China from London in a sailing vessel in 1837. [Reise auf der Anna Robinson, Opiumkrieg, Shanghai, Hong Kong]. [Manuskript Cambridge University Library]. Alton, John Maurice d' (Liverpool vor 1883) : Inspektor Chinese Maritime Customs Biographie 1883 John Maurice d'Alton kommt in China an und dient in der chinesischen Navy im chinesisch-französischen Krieg. [Who2] 1885-1921 John Maurice d'Alton ist Chef Inspektor des Chinese Maritime Customs Service in Nanjing.
    [Show full text]
  • The Asymmetric Pattern of Population Mobility During
    International Journal of Geo-Information Article The Asymmetric Pattern of Population Mobility during the Spring Festival in the Yangtze River Delta Based on Complex Network Analysis: An Empirical Analysis of “Tencent Migration” Big Data Jinping Lin 1,2 , Kangmin Wu 3,4,5, Shan Yang 1,2,* and Qianqian Liu 1,2 1 School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (Q.L.) 2 Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China 3 Key Laboratory of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; [email protected] 4 Institute of Strategy Research for Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510070, China 5 Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Population mobility patterns are an important reflection of the future distribution of migrant populations and the evolution trends of urbanization patterns. However, although research Citation: Lin, J.; Wu, K.; Yang, S.; Liu, based on statistical data can reveal the pattern of population flow, it also shows a time lag. Most Q. The Asymmetric Pattern of of the population flow network research based on location services data has failed to fully discuss Population Mobility during the the symmetry of directional outflows and inflows in the same place and the two-way symmetrical Spring Festival in the Yangtze River connections between places.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Health Insurance Reform on the Number of Cataract Surgeries in Chongqing, China Xiaofan Chen1†, Chunlin Chen1†, Yao Zhang2, Rongdi Yuan1 and Jian YE1*
    Chen et al. BMC Health Services Research 2011, 11:67 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/11/67 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access The effect of health insurance reform on the number of cataract surgeries in Chongqing, China Xiaofan Chen1†, Chunlin Chen1†, Yao Zhang2, Rongdi Yuan1 and Jian YE1* Abstract Background: Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness in China, and poverty is a major barrier to having cataract surgery. In 2003, the Chinese government began a series of new national health insurance reforms, including the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) and the Urban Resident Basic Health Insurance scheme (URBMI). These two programs, combined with the previously existing Urban Employee Basic Health Insurance (UEBMI) program, aimed to make it easier for individuals to receive medical treatment. This study reports cataract surgery numbers in rural and urban populations and the proportion of these who had health insurance in Chongqing, China from 2003 to 2008. Methods: The medical records of a consecutive case series, including 14,700 eyes of 13,262 patients who underwent age-related cataract surgery in eight hospitals in Chongqing from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2008, were analysed retrospectively via multi-stage cluster sampling. Results: In the past six years, the total number of cataract surgeries had increased each year as had the number of patients with insurance. Both the number of surgeries and the number of insured patients were much higher in the urban group than in the rural group. The rate of increase in the rural group however was much higher than in the urban group, especially in 2007 and 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Huaibei Four Page
    HUAIBEI MINING (GROUP) CO. LTD. A NHUI PROVINCE Opportunities for Investment in Coal Mine Methane Projects The Huaibei Mining (Group) Co, Ltd. is one of the largest coal companies in China, with 14 active coal mines producing 16 million tonnes of coal annually. Production is increasing as new mine construction continues. These mines liberate approximately 210 million cubic meters (7.4 billion cubic feet) of methane annually, creating significant opportunity for investment in coal mine methane recovery and utilization projects. The Huaibei Mining (Group) Co, Ltd. seeks investment for: • Providing coal mine methane to residential users in the Suxian mining area • A coal-mine methane-fueled power generation plant at the Luling mine Huaibei Mining Group sincerely welcomes investors from China and abroad to invest in the proposed coal mine methane development projects described in this brochure. OVERVIEW OF THE HUAIBEI MINING (GROUP) COMPANY LTD. CHINA Huaibei Mining Area The Huaibei Mining (Group) Co. Ltd. (informally known as the Huaibei Mining Group) is one of the largest coal producing areas in China. Located in northern Anhui ANHUI Province, the company has total assets of the 7.5 billion yuan ($US 907 million) and annual sales revenue is up to 4.5 billion yuan ($US $US 544 million). Coal mine methane resources in the Huaibei mining area are estimated at more than 300 billion cubic meters (10.6 trillion cubic feet). Because this resource is so abundant, and because demand for energy in eastern China is high, coal mine methane is now being promoted as one of the Huaibei Mining Group’s key industries.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplemental Information
    Supplemental information Table S1 Sample information for the 36 Bactrocera minax populations and 8 Bactrocera tsuneonis populations used in this study Species Collection site Code Latitude Longitude Accession number B. minax Shimen County, Changde SM 29.6536°N 111.0646°E MK121987 - City, Hunan Province MK122016 Hongjiang County, HJ 27.2104°N 109.7884°E MK122052 - Huaihua City, Hunan MK122111 Province 27.2208°N 109.7694°E MK122112 - MK122144 Jingzhou Miao and Dong JZ 26.6774°N 109.7341°E MK122145 - Autonomous County， MK122174 Huaihua City, Hunan Province Mayang Miao MY 27.8036°N 109.8247°E MK122175 - Autonomous County, MK122204 Huaihua City, Hunan Province Luodian county, Qiannan LD 25.3426°N 106.6638°E MK124218 - Buyi and Miao MK124245 Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province Dongkou County, DK 27.0806°N 110.7209°E MK122205 - Shaoyang City, Hunan MK122234 Province Shaodong County, SD 27.2478°N 111.8964°E MK122235 - Shaoyang City, Hunan MK122264 Province 27.2056°N 111.8245°E MK122265 - MK122284 Xinning County, XN 26.4652°N 110.7256°E MK122022 - Shaoyang City,Hunan MK122051 Province 26.5387°N 110.7586°E MK122285 - MK122298 Baojing County, Xiangxi BJ 28.6154°N 109.4081°E MK122299 - Tujia and Miao MK122328 Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province 28.2802°N 109.4581°E MK122329 - MK122358 Guzhang County, GZ 28.6171°N 109.9508°E MK122359 - Xiangxi Tujia and Miao MK122388 Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province Luxi County, Xiangxi LX 28.2341°N 110.0571°E MK122389 - Tujia and Miao MK122407 Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province Yongshun County, YS 29.0023°N
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Shanghai Foreign Investment Guide Shanghai Foreign Shanghai Foreign Investment Guide Investment Guide
    2020 SHANGHAI FOREIGN INVESTMENT GUIDE SHANGHAI FOREIGN SHANGHAI FOREIGN INVESTMENT GUIDE INVESTMENT GUIDE Contents Investment Chapter II Promotion 61 Highlighted Investment Areas 10 Institutions Preface 01 Overview of Investment Areas A Glimpse at Shanghai's Advantageous Industries Appendix 66 Chapter I A City Abundant in 03 Chapter III Investment Opportunities Districts and Functional 40 Enhancing Urban Capacities Zones for Investment and Core Functions Districts and Investment Influx of Foreign Investments into Highlights the Pioneer of China’s Opening-up Key Functional Zones Further Opening-up Measures in Support of Local Development SHANGHAI FOREIGN SHANGHAI FOREIGN 01 INVESTMENT GUIDE INVESTMENT GUIDE 02 Preface Situated on the east coast of China highest international standards Secondly, the openness of Shanghai Shanghai is becoming one of the most At the beginning of 2020, Shang- SHFTZ with a new area included; near the mouth of the Yangtze River, and best practices. As China’s most translates into a most desired invest- desired investment destinations for hai released the 3.0 version of its operating the SSE STAR Market with Shanghai is internationally known as important gateway to the world, ment destination in the world char- foreign investors. business environment reform plan its pilot registration-based IPO sys- a pioneer of China’s opening to the Shanghai has persistently functioned acterized by increasing vitality and Thirdly, the openness of Shanghai is – the Implementation Plan on Deep- tem; and promoting the integrated world for its inclusiveness, pursuit as a leader in the national opening- optimized business environment. shown in its pursuit of world-lead- ening the All-round Development of a development of the YRD region as of excellence, cultural diversity, and up initiative.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Silk Roads: China, the U.S., and the Future of Central Asia
    NEW YORK UNIVERSITY i CENTER ON INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION The New Silk Roads: China, the U.S., and the Future of Central Asia October 2015 Thomas Zimmerman NEW YORK UNIVERSITY CENTER ON INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION The world faces old and new security challenges that are more complex than our multilateral and national institutions are currently capable of managing. International cooperation is ever more necessary in meeting these challenges. The NYU Center on International Cooperation (CIC) works to enhance international responses to conflict, insecurity, and scarcity through applied research and direct engagement with multilateral institutions and the wider policy community. CIC’s programs and research activities span the spectrum of conflict, insecurity, and scarcity issues. This allows us to see critical inter-connections and highlight the coherence often necessary for effective response. We have a particular concentration on the UN and multilateral responses to conflict. Table of Contents The New Silk Roads: China, the U.S., and the Future of Central Asia Thomas Zimmerman Acknowledgments 2 Foreword 3 Introduction 6 The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor 9 Chinese Engagement with Afghanistan 11 Conclusion 18 About the Author 19 Endnotes 20 Acknowledgments I would like to thank the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences (SASS) for its support during the research and writing of this paper, particularly Professor Pan Guang and Professor Li Lifan. I would also like to thank Director Li Yihai, and Sun Weidi from the SASS Office for International Cooperation, as well as Vice President Dong Manyuan, and Professor Liu Xuecheng of the China Institute for International Studies. This paper benefited greatly from the invaluable feedback of a number of policy experts, including Klaus Rohland, Andrew Small, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • World Expo – Building the Foundations for Shanghai’S Future Shanghai Has Spent Over USD 95 Billion on Developments
    April 2010 World Expo – Building the Foundations for Shanghai’s Future Shanghai has spent over USD 95 billion on developments. In addition, the Expo has given infrastructure investment in preparation for the Shanghai an opportunity to implement stricter 2010 World Expo. To reflect the theme of “Better environmental protection and an occasion to City, Better Life” – the Expo investments will make beautify its surroundings, making the city a more Shanghai a more integrated and more accessible attractive place to live, visit, and conduct business. city. The real legacy of the event will come from the opportunities that this new infrastructure The making of a better city creates across Shanghai in all commercial The Expo has played a central role in driving and residential property sectors. Indeed, the the infrastructure build out which is transforming foundations for a new decade of growth and Shanghai. Similar to Beijing’s experience with expansion for the city of Shanghai have been put the Olympics, the Shanghai government has in place. mobilised enormous resources to ensure that all projects are completed on time, and the city can In this paper, we seek to answer three questions: show its best face to the world. As of November • What opportunities does the 2010 World Expo 2008, the total infrastructure investment committed hold for Shanghai real estate? through 2010 was estimated at RMB 500 billion • What are the specific impacts on each (USD 73 billion). Another RMB 150 billion (USD property sector? 22 billion) were newly allocated by the Shanghai government in conjunction with the Central • What are the longer term opportunities that government’s 2008/2009 fiscal stimulus plan – part result from the city’s infrastructure investment? of the response to the global financial crisis.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 101493‐CN INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM DOCUMENT FOR A PROPOSED LOAN IN THE AMOUNT OF EQUIVALENT TO US$200 MILLION TO Public Disclosure Authorized PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR THE CHONGQING‐DADUKOU DISTRICT FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT POLICY FINANCING December 13, 2016 Public Disclosure Authorized Macroeconomics & Fiscal Management Global Practice Governance Global Practice East Asia and Pacific Region Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. China‐Government Fiscal Year January 1 – December 31 Currency Equivalents (Exchange rate effective as of December 2015) Currency Unit = RMB RMB1.00 = US$0.16 US$1.00 = RMB6.40 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS CAS Country Assistance Strategy CCP Chinese Communist Party CFAA Country Financial Accountability Assessment CMFB Chongqing Municipality Finance Bureau CNAO China National Audit Office DOF Department of Finance DPF Development Policy Financing DRC Development and Reform Commission DSA Debt Sustainability Analysis FAI Fixed Asset Investment FYP Five Year Plan GDP Gross Domestic Product GNP Gross National Product GRS Grievance Redress Service HIPC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICOR Incremental Capital‐Output Ratio IDA International
    [Show full text]