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FMVSS Considerations for Vehicles with Automated Driving Systems: Volume 1

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FMVSS Considerations for Vehicles with Automated Driving Systems: Volume 1 DOT HS 812 796 April 2020 FMVSS Considerations for Vehicles With Automated Driving Systems: Volume 1 DISCLAIMER This publication is distributed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Transportation or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The United States Government assumes no liability for its content or use thereof. If trade or manufacturer’s names or products are mentioned, it is because they are considered essential to the object of the publication and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Suggested APA Format Citation: Blanco, M., Chaka, M., Stowe, L., Gabler, H. C., Weinstein, K., Gibbons, R. B., … Fitchett, V. L. (2020, April). FMVSS considerations for vehicles with automated driving systems: Volume 1 (Report No. DOT HS 812 796). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. DOT HS 812 796 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date FMVSS Considerations for Vehicles With Automated Driving Systems: April 20209 Volume 1 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Authors 8. Performing Organization Report No. Myra Blanco, Michelle Chaka, Loren Stowe, H. Clay Gabler, Kenneth Weinstein, Ronald B. Gibbons, Luke Neurauter, Joshua McNeil, Kaitlyn E. Fitzgerald, Whitney Tatem, and Vikki L. Fitchett 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Virginia Tech Transportation Institute 11. Contract or Grant No. 3500 Transportation Research Plaza (0536) Blacksburg, VA 24061 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Final Report, September 2017- 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE March 2019 Washington, DC 20590 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes Deliverable for Task 2.4.2 under Assessment, Evaluation, and Approaches to Technical Translations of FMVSS and Test Procedures That May Impact Compliance of Innovative New Vehicle Designs Associated With Automated Driving Systems. The Contract Officer Representative is Ellen Lee. 16. Abstract The portion of the research project included in this volume focused on 12 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS). It provides research findings, including the performance requirements and the test procedures, in terms of options regarding technical translations based on potential regulatory barriers identified for compliance verification of innovative new vehicle designs that may appear in vehicles equipped with automated driving systems (ADSs). This report evaluates the regulatory text and Office of Vehicle Safety Compliance test procedures with the goal of identifying possible options to address unnecessary/unintended regulatory barriers for the compliance verification of ADS-dedicated vehicles (ADS-DVs) that lack manually operated driving controls. It describes activities focused on six crash avoidance standards (FMVSS Nos. 102, 108, 114, 118, 138, and 141) and six crashworthiness standards (FMVSS Nos. 201, 202a, 203, 204, 205, and 206). 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement ADS, ADS-DV, automated driving system, Federal Motor Document is available to the public from the Vehicle Safety Standards, FMVSS, regulations, safety, National Technical Information Service, standards, test procedures www.ntis.gov. 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 248 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized i Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. vii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................................... 1 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Conventional Seating Configuration .............................................................................................................. 2 Bidirectional Vehicles.................................................................................................................................... 2 APPROACH ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Terms Defined by SAE International .............................................................................................................. 4 FMVSS Definition Translation Options .......................................................................................................... 5 CONCEPT VEHICLES ......................................................................................................................................... 11 Feature Categories ...................................................................................................................................... 12 ADS-DV Vehicle Classifications .................................................................................................................. 15 TECHNICAL TRANSLATION PRINCIPLES ............................................................................................................. 18 CHAPTER 2. TECHNICAL TRANSLATION PROCESS ............................................................................... 19 PERFORMING TECHNICAL TRANSLATIONS ......................................................................................................... 19 Technical Translation Data Sources ............................................................................................................ 19 Technical Translation Types and Inability to Translate Reasons................................................................... 19 KEY CONSIDERATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 20 Crash Avoidance ......................................................................................................................................... 20 Crashworthiness and Occupant Protection .................................................................................................. 21 Identifying Crosscutting Themes .................................................................................................................. 22 Controls, Telltales, and Indicators ............................................................................................................... 24 Test Procedures........................................................................................................................................... 28 Other Evaluation Considerations: Vehicle Cybersecurity Assessment ............................................................. 43 ANALYSIS OF STANDARDS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE ................................................................................ 44 STAKEHOLDER AND SUBJECT MATTER EXPERT REVIEW PROCESS ...................................................................... 46 Overall Approach ........................................................................................................................................ 46 Stakeholder Meeting .................................................................................................................................... 47 CHAPTER 3. CRASH AVOIDANCE STANDARDS ....................................................................................... 50 OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................................................... 50 Technical Translations ................................................................................................................................ 50 Potential Considerations ............................................................................................................................. 52 Test Procedures........................................................................................................................................... 52 Stakeholder and SME Review Input ............................................................................................................. 53 Standards Incorporated by Reference .......................................................................................................... 53 FMVSS NO. 102: TRANSMISSION SHIFT POSITION SEQUENCE, STARTER INTERLOCK, AND TRANSMISSION BRAKING EFFECT ............................................................................................................................................................ 53 Technical Translations ...............................................................................................................................
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