DOCSLIB.ORG

THE SAN-QU of MA ZHI-YUAN by LOUISE YI

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

THE SAN-QU OF MA ZHI-YUAN by LOUISE YI-SHU^W B.A., University of British Columbia, 1975 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Asian Studies) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Feb., 1978 ©, Louise Yi-shu Law, 1978 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of • The University of British Columbia 2075 Wesbrook Place Vancouver, Canada V6T 1W5 Date K ii Abstract This thesis is concerned primarily with the investigation of the thematic content and the stylistic elements that underlie the san-qu verse of the most anc distinguished Yuan san-qu poet, Ma Zhi-yuan v^7 ^C^L_ ' ^ secondly with a study of his life. There are three main divisions in this thesis. The first chapter provides a biographical account of his life, relying chiefly upon Zhong Si-cheng's i>i^ records in the Lu-gui bu J^TJC J^, , and the apparently "autobiographical" contents of some of Ma's san-qu. It allso gives a brief introduction to the rise of Yuan san-qu, and the particular political and social milieu of this dark period of alien rule which, to a considerable extent, influenced the personal "escapist" philosophy of Ma, as well as the Yuan intellectual climate as a whole. The various Yuan, Ming and Qing anthologies which contain Ma's san-qu and the related issue of authentic authorship will also be discussed. In the second chapter, motives which recur frequently in Ma's san-qu - those of ubi sunt, the equation of life to a dream, fatalism, disillusionment with officialdom, fame, power and wealth, reclusion, carpe diem, oblivousness, and the attraction towards the supernatural - which represent Ma's personal philosophy, will be examined. The multiplicity of subject matter, tone and mood which characterizes Ma's poems, expressed in either the lyrical, descriptive or narrative mode, and embracing such polarities as the beautiful and the ugly, the elevated and the iii mundane, the private and public, the contented and the sarcastic, the lighthearted and the serious, the humorous and pathetic, the subtle and the garish will be included in this division. The third chapter, which explores the poetic language of Ma Zhi-yuan, is sub• divided into the sections of diction, syntax and parallelism^images, versification and sound. In the first section, the wide spectrum of his diction - from colloquial• ism and prose-like diction to allusion and quotation - is noted, while his constant repetition and reduplication of words, and his inclination towards the use of certain words will also be examined. The second section of this chapter deals with some syntactic arrangements in Ma's san-qu that are of interest, such as his use of incomplete, composite and ambiguous lines, as well as kinds of parallel lines that he uses, the effects they achieve, and the context in which san-qu parallelism occurs. The third section focuses on the images that appear in Ma's san-qu. It includes the sources from which his images are drawn ,t the various functions of these images, such as for scene-setting, symbolizing, evoking emotions and creating sensory impact, and the different techniques of his compound images, such as juxtaposition, explicit and implicit comparison, substitution and transference. The fourth section of this chapter examines the sound elements of Ma's san- qu. It provides first an introduction of the prosody of Yuan san-qu and then the versification of Ma's poems which shows both his conformity to the peculiar features of the san-qu genre, as well as his skilful mastery of sound. Next, some sound iv devices that Ma employs,i such as internal rhyme, alliteration, reduplication and repetition of words, and onomatopoeia will be inspected. Finally, the overall achievement and contributions of Ma as a san-qu lyricist are evaluated, based on comments from both past and modern critics, and from evidence that arises out of the investigation in this thesis. Despite dissenting views that undermine his significance, the conclusion here still inclines to favor his foremost prominence as a san-qu poet. Table of Contents The San-qu of Ma Zhi-yuan Introduction 1 Chapter One: The Biography of Ma Zhi-yuan and the Historical Milieu for Yuan San-qu 3 A. Biographical Sketches of Ma Zhi-yuan 4 1. Lu-gu? bu's Account of Ma Zhi-yuan 4 2. Names 5 3. Native Place 6 4. Birth and Death Dates 8 5. Degrees 12 6.. Official Post 13 7. Contemporaries 15 8. Private Life and Temperament 17 9. Other Ma Zhi-yuans /22 10. Works - Plays and san-qu, and Problems of Dubious Authorship 226 B. Literary, Political and Social Milieu for Yuan San-qu 31 1. The Rise of San-qu 31 2. The Political and Social Milieu that Accounts for the "Negative" Contents in San-qu 34 vi Footnotes 38 Chapter Two: The Themes of Ma Zhi-yuan's San-qu 51 A. Recurrent Motives Representing Ma's Philosophy 51 1. Ubi Sunt 52 2. Life as a Dream 62 3. Fatalism 66 4. Disillusionment in Officialdom, Fame, Power and Wealth 73 5. Reclusion 79 6. Carpe Diem 88 7. Obliviousness 91 8. The Attraction Towards the Supernatural 94 9. Inconsistencies 96 B. Diversity of Subject Matter and Tone 99 1. Lyrical Poems 100 2. Descriptive Poems 109 3. Narrative Poems 120 4. Summary 127 Footnotes 130 Chapter Three: Ma Zhi-yuan's Poetic Language 140 A. Diction 141 vii 1. Naturalness to Refinement: Colloquialism, Allusion, Quotation and Prose-Like Diction 141 a. Colloquialism 142 b. Allusion and Quotation 147 c. Prose-Like Diction 152 2. Repetition of Words 153 a. Reduplicated Wo:rds 153 b. Repetition of Same Word in the Same Line 155 c. Repetition of Same Word in the Same Xiao-ling or Tao-shu 157 3. The Use of Favorite Words 158 B. Syntax and Parallelism 159 1. Syntax 159 a. Incomplete Lines 159 b. Composite Lines 161 c. Ambiguous Lines 162 2. Parallelism 165 a. Parallelism aim" Yuan San-qu 165 b. Some Effects of Parallelism 166 c. Kinds of Parallelism and Repetition 168 C. Images 176 1. Sources of Images 177 viii a. Natural World 177 b. Human World 178 cs Supernatural World 179 2. Functions of Images 180 a. Scene-Setting 180 b. Symbols 181 c. Evoking Emotions 182 d. Sensory Impact 188 3. The Different Techniques of Compound Images 191 a. Juxtaposition 192 b. Explicit Comparison 194 c. Implicit Comparison 195 d. Substitution 196 e. Transference 198 D. Versification and Sound 201 1. Prosody of San-qu 201 2. Reduction of Lines 204 3. Line Length and Rhythmic Pattern 205 4. Tonal Pattern 208 5. Rhyme 210 a. End Rhyme 210 b. Feminine Rhyme, Rhyming Compound and ix Internal Rhyme 215 6. Other Sound Devices 219 a. Alliteration 219 b. Reduplication and Repetition of Words 222 c. Onomatopoeia 224 Footnotes 226 Conclusion 237 Footnotes 243 Bibliography 245 Appendix 270 X I Acknowledgement I express my sincere gratitude to Prof. J.W. Walls for his careful guidance, constructive suggestions, helpful insights and encouragement while supervising me in the writing of this thesis, and to Prof. Chao Yeh Chia-ying who has read through the entire draft and has greatly assisted me not only in the understanding of Ma Zhi-yuan's lyrics, but in the appreciation of Chinese poetry as a whole. I am also much thankful to Prof. E.G. Pulleyblank who has given me such useful advice in the section dealing with sound. To my parents, I am grateful tremen• dously for their moral support throughout. I also thank all those friends whose discussion with me on topics related to this thesis has proved to be stimulating. Last but not least, I am much indebted to Mrs. Lucia Ho who has so patiently and kindly typed out the entire thesis for me. 1 Introduction As a san-qu lyricist, Ma Zhi-yuan - is the most eminent. However, relatively little systematic research has been done on the san-qu genre in the past, and still less on the san-qu of Ma in its entirety. Avoiding the traditional approach which dwells mainly on the music or sound aspect of the san-qu, I have attempted to provide a structural analytical approach in the examination of both the theme and technique of Ma's san-qu, a treatment which has been overdue, considering the tremendous significance and impact of Ma as a san-qu poet. This structural analysis embraces a dissection of the recurrent motives of Ma's san-qu which represent his philosophy, the diversity of tone and mood which is concomitant with the variegation of his subject matter, and an examination of the ejements of diction, syntax, parallelism, imagery and sound which eonstitufe what may be described as Ma's poetic language. While some of these aspects may be regarded as characteristic of Ma's style, such as his versatility in mood and levels of expression, others are to be recognized as features common to the san-qu, such as the accomodation of colloquialism and the constant use of reduplication, still others to be accepted as universal, trans• cending time and space, such as the ideas of ubi sunt and fatalism that underline so many of his san-qu.
Recommended publications
  • The First Emperor: Selections from the Historical Records (Oxford

    The First Emperor: Selections from the Historical Records (Oxford

    oxford world’s classics THE FIRST EMPEROR Sima Qian’s Historical Records (Shiji), from which this selection is taken, is the most famous Chinese historical work, which not only established a pattern for later Chinese historical writing, but was also much admired for its literary qualities, not only in China, but also in Japan, where it became available as early as the eighth cen- tury ad. The work is vast and complex, and to appreciate its nature it is necessary to make a selection of passages concerning a particu- lar period. To this end the short-lived Qin Dynasty, which unified China in the late third century bc, has been chosen for this transla- tion as a key historical period which well illustrates Sima’s method. Sima himself lived from 145 bc to about 86 bc. He inherited the post of Grand Historiographer from his father, and was so deter- mined to complete his work that he suffered the penalty of castra- tion rather than the more honourable alternative of death when he fell foul of the Emperor. Raymond Dawson was an Emeritus Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford. He was Editor of The Legacy of China (1964) and his other publications include The Chinese Chameleon: An Analysis of European Conceptions of Chinese Civilization (1967), Imperial China (1972), The Chinese Experience (1978), Confucius (1982), A New Introduction to Classical Chinese (1984), and the Analects (Oxford World’s Classics, 1993). K. E. Brashier is Associate Professor of Religion (Chinese) and Humanities (Chinese) at Reed College. oxford world’s classics For over 100 years Oxford World’s Classics have brought readers closer to the world’s great literature.
  • Boya Genuine China up and Down Five Thousand (New Collector's Edition) (Suit

    Boya Genuine China up and Down Five Thousand (New Collector's Edition) (Suit

    AG0Y6JYJ3BLP # Doc / Boya genuine China up and down five thousand (New Collector's Edition) (suit... Boya genuine Ch ina up and down five th ousand (New Collector's Edition) (suit full 4) ink(Ch inese Edition) Filesize: 8.88 MB Reviews An incredibly wonderful ebook with perfect and lucid explanations. I really could comprehended every little thing using this written e publication. It is extremely difficult to leave it before concluding, once you begin to read the book. (Tomas Flatley) DISCLAIMER | DMCA CCJYV6TJXRL2 \\ Book Boya genuine China up and down five thousand (New Collector's Edition) (suit... BOYA GENUINE CHINA UP AND DOWN FIVE THOUSAND (NEW COLLECTOR'S EDITION) (SUIT FULL 4) INK(CHINESE EDITION) paperback. Condition: New. Ship out in 2 business day, And Fast shipping, Free Tracking number will be provided aer the shipment.Paperback. Pub Date :2012-07-01 Publisher: basic information about the title of the China Drama Press: China five thousand years (New Collector's Edition) (Set of 4) Price: 158.00 yuan Author: ink compiled Press: Chinese Drama Publishing Date :2012-07-01ISBN: 9787104037125 Words: Page: Revision: 2 Binding: Paperback: 16 commodity identification: 11038744 Editor's Summary China five thousand years (New Collector's Edition ) (suit full 4) time-warp. we. a go-between for the events and figures. intertwined. from the legend of Pangu. the essence of the culture of China's five thousand years of history unfolding. Informative piece of history. precious images. combined with the delicate brushwork. concise language and intimate style of writing. clearly outline the authenticity of the ins and outs of the historical events and historical figures of good and evil.
  • V·M·I University Microfilms International a Beil & Howetl Tnrorrnation Company 300 North Zeeb Road

    V·M·I University Microfilms International a Beil & Howetl Tnrorrnation Company 300 North Zeeb Road

    "------.. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. V·M·I University Microfilms International A Beil & Howetl tnrorrnation Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. M148106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800521-0600 Order ~uxnber 9230477 Another book of laughter and misunderstandings: A field guide to chuckles, smiles and guffaws Callahan, William Arthur, Ph.D. University of Hawaii, 1992 V·M·I 300 N.
  • Student’S Guide Latin America, Asia, & Africa Second Edition

    Student’S Guide Latin America, Asia, & Africa Second Edition

    Lightning Literature & Composition World Literature II: Student’s Guide Latin America, Asia, & Africa Second Edition Acquiring College-Level Composition Skills by Responding to Great Literature The difference between the right word and the almost-right word is the difference between the lightning and the lightning bug.—Mark Twain Brenda S. Cox 2103 Main Street · Washougal, WA 98671 (360) 835-8708 · FAX (360) 835-8697 To my daughter Jasmine, now teaching in China, who helped me discover the joys of World Literature when we studied it together. Cover photo: Sunset view of Torii gate Miyajima, Japan. Copyright Chuong, used under license from Shutterstock.com Edited by Hewitt Staff Mailing address . P. O. Box 9, Washougal WA 98671-0009 For a free catalog . (800) 348-1750 E-mail. [email protected] Website. www.hewitthomeschooling.com ©2007, 2011 by Brenda S. Cox. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of Hewitt Research Foundation Published July 2007. Second Edition January 2012 Printed in the United States of America 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 1-57896-262-5 ISBN 13: 978-1-57896-262-4 Table of Contents Introduction . 1 Why Read Literature? . 3 Why Learn How to Write? . 6 Perspectives: The Fluidity of Language and Pronoun Confusion1 . 13 How to Use This Student’s Guide. 15 Activities to Enhance Your Study . 17 Unit 1 Lesson 1: R. K. Narayan (India) (Malgudi Days) (short stories) .
  • A Narratological Analysis of Shi Ji

    A Narratological Analysis of Shi Ji

    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2016 Building Blocks of Chinese Historiography: A Narratological Analysis of Shi Ji Lei Yang University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, and the Asian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Yang, Lei, "Building Blocks of Chinese Historiography: A Narratological Analysis of Shi Ji" (2016). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2113. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2113 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2113 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Building Blocks of Chinese Historiography: A Narratological Analysis of Shi Ji Abstract In Shi ji studies, scholars from both the East and West have predominantly taken one particular approach: the psychological reading of its author, Sima Qian. Since the author suffered penal castration when he was writing the Shi ji, this approach has been summarized as “the theory of conveying one’s frustration.” Many scholars, modern and pre-modern alike, have inferred the author’s feelings and emotions from his biographical experiences and have interpreted the text accordingly. This narrow interpretation constrains our understanding by exclusively focusing on the author’s personal pains and purposes. Such analysis thus commits the intentional fallacy, which mistakenly equates the author with the text, unjustifiably simplifying the complicated interpretive process. I explore the features of the text itself, shifting the focus of research from the author’s intention to the effects produced by its narrative devices, which have determinative influence over the interpretive process but have long been overlooked.
  • H U D Ig Abl

    H U D Ig Abl

    he udesigabl zhag qig ranslated by yiyu wag 2,211 years ago, the powerful warlord Xiang Yu invited his rival, Liu Bang, to a banquet in Hongmen. The banquet, conceived as a trap to kill Liu Bang, started in a tense atmosphere. The hosts and guests took their seats. Xiang Yu faced east, and his consultant, Fan Zheng, south. Liu Bang’s consultant Zhang Liang chose to face Xiang Yu so that Liu Bang faced Fan Zheng instead of Xiang Yu, hinting that Liu Bang had no intention to act against Xiang Yu. At that moment, Xiang Yu was leading 400,000 soldiers, and Liu Bang only 100,000. The two armies were only about forty miles apart. In order to avoid direct conflict with Xiang Yu and survive the banquet, Liu Bang needed to sheji (devise some strategies). During the meeting, Fan Zeng raised a piece of circular jade three times to signal Xiang Yu to take action, but Xiang Yu did not respond. Fan Zeng then summoned Xiang Zhuang to perform a sword dance with the intent to kill Liu Bang. At this pivotal point, the banquet was interrupted by Fan Kuai, whose arrival was arranged by Zhang Liang to distract Xiang Yu. When Fan Kuai impressed all the attendees with his bold manner of consuming the wine and pork, Liu Bang fled under the pretext of going to the toilet. At the banquet, Zhang Liang, on behalf of Liu Bang who was reportedly “drunk and left early” presented a jade disc to Xiang Yu, and a jade square ruler to Fan Zeng, who furiously broke the jade disc and predicted, “This mean fellow (Xiang Yu) is not worthy of my service.
  • The Rise And

    The Rise And

    iliij"!}JHt:t1t . i~*il&~ 2005 Vol. 2 pp. 87 - 122 The Rise and Jian Zhao The shi (±) class was split into military and civilian camps in the early Chunqiu (~~ f)( 770-476 B.C.). Society was then undergoing dramatic changes. The original highly hereditary system of public service (0~) was disintegrating. Many warriors could not find a career. They began to work for private houses (;v1.1 111), many of which had replaced the old aristocratic houses to become the dominant forces in the former vassal states. From these warriors came the earliest group of xia (1~), who provided services for their nusters, such as fighting in battle or conducting an assassination. The xia warriors were extremely active through the whole period of the Warring States (irtIGl~ 475-221 B.C.), but under the brutal regime of Qin (* 221-207 B.C.) they were forced underground and disappeared from the front stage of the political arena. The anti-Qin rebellion and founding of the Western Han (Tt§?~l 202 B.C.-8) revitalized the xia and also changed the nature of the classical xia. In this article, the development of the xia in the Western Han dynasty is extensively introduced and carefully analyzed, with a focus on the xia's general position in society and its relationship with both the central and local authorities. The most famous Han xia figure, Guo Xie (!JIS1~¥), is singled out for examination, as he will fully demonstrate the characteristics of the xia at the time. The xia and the founding of the Han empire The founding of the Qin Dynasty in 221 B.C.
  • Ge Hong's Zhuang Zi

    Ge Hong's Zhuang Zi

    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2018 Ge Hong’s Zhuang zi Bumbacher, Stephan DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/asia-2018-0007 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-159836 Journal Article Published Version Originally published at: Bumbacher, Stephan (2018). Ge Hong’s Zhuang zi. Asiatische Studien / Études Asiatiques, 72(4):1021- 1058. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/asia-2018-0007 ASIA 2018; 72(4): 1021–1058 Stephan Peter Bumbacher* Ge Hong’s Zhuang zi https://doi.org/10.1515/asia-2018-0007 Abstract: Sinology, as far as textual criticism is concerned, is still in its infancy compared with, e. g., New Testament, classical Greek or European medieval studies. Whereas virtually every ancient Greek, old English, or early German text – to name but a few – has been the subject of text critical scrutiny, in many cases even since Renaissance times, the same does not hold true for Chinese works. In the absence of early manuscripts they could themselves base upon, modern editions of classical Chinese texts usually take as their starting point the earliest extant printed versions which quite often date from Song times and are thus separated by many centuries from the no longer available originals. However, quite often testimonies of ancient texts exist as quotations in works that considerably predate the first printed versions of the texts in question. In view of this fact, virtually every classical Chinese text needs to be systematically re- examined and critically edited by taking into account every available explicit as well as implicit quotation.
  • Index 4-Horse Chariot, 7 8-Degree Span, 177 8-Trigram Order, 522–23, 529 14-Clan Origin, 308 14-Nation Mi-Bing, 24, 56, 181 36

    Index 4-Horse Chariot, 7 8-Degree Span, 177 8-Trigram Order, 522–23, 529 14-Clan Origin, 308 14-Nation Mi-Bing, 24, 56, 181 36

    Index 4-horse chariot, 7 admonished king-father Zhou-ling-wang, 33 8-degree span, 177 admonition, father Zi-yu2’s, 16 8-trigram order, 522–23, 529 adopted minister Duan’gan Peng’s advice, 14-clan origin, 308 191 14-nation Mi-bing, 24, 56, 181 adultery, 10, 21, 28, 30, 66, 96, 134, 138, 36-person mission, 568 254, 321–22, 388, 397, 422–23, 454, 64-hexagram orders, 522–23 544 1000-chariot status, 232 king’s, 50 1000-li distance campaign, 456 lord’s, 52 60,000-character book, 206 adulthood coronation, 375 100,000-character book, 546 advocating Confucianism, 542 advocating thrift people, 541 A aeons, 178, 482 Abakan Rivers, 448 aeon-scale, 570–71 abduct, 113, 125, 302–3, 325, 394, 446, 557 aetheling, 13, 33, 86, 99, 106 abducted ministers Luan Shu, 30 crown, 106, 251 abducting Qin King, 324 aetheling’s words, 33 abduct Lu Lord Dinggong, 113 aetheling title, 30 abilities, 15, 36, 84, 326, 557 Aetheling Wang-zi-Chao, 122 aboriginals, 334 expelled Zhou, 100, 106 aborted campaign, first, 393 supported Zhou, 98–99, 101 abridging, 7, 147 Aetheling Zi-chao, 105 academy, 165, 238, 487 attacked Zhou, 100 former Zhou dynasty’s, 556 late, 124 academy doctorate, 545 making Zhou, 98 accusation, wrong, 258 supported junior Zhou, 99 acknowledgement, reciprocal king, 212 time Zhou, 106 action affiliation, tribal, 432, 469 first, 152–53 Afghanistan, 411, 425–26, 429, 434, 470 five-nation, 239–40 Afghanistan in Central Asia, 400 joint, 27, 42, 105, 157, 196, 198, 200, age, 61–62, 65, 147–48, 214, 237–38, 232, 263, 266 313–14, 332, 334, 385–86, 397–98, joint
  • Tales from Five Thousand Years of Chinese History (II)

    Tales from Five Thousand Years of Chinese History (II)

    Cfaineie-En«IUh Reader» T ales ±T 5rF¥(r) from Five Thousand Years of C hinese H istory (II) Better Link Press й ш # — ................-8 K f «±TE^¥ (-)» 1. — ste-s 2. Ь ' - й ^ И Ш ..........................22 3. ВЙ51Г«¥№в - ................ зо д. ш ш т - 4o s. ш т ш я ..............go 6 . Ш Ш = Л ..........-.............58 7. Я П * ................... 68 8 . а ж ш т Alisher f’ voiy 20 ilCli ‘''g- ^ 2 8 v JfltC-Й i<X To the Reader 9 About the Book ...и 1. Qin Shihuang-the First Emperor of Unified China -........................13 2. Intrigues at Shaqiu 23 3. The Rebellion of Chen Sheng and W u G u a n g .........................31 4. Liu Bang and Xiang Y u .........................41 5. Xiang Yu Orders his Army to Smash All its Stoves and Sink All its Boats ......................... 51 6. Liu Bang's Contract with the People ...................... -5 9 7. The Banquet at H ongm en .........................69 8. Xiao He Chases after Han Xin 81 9 . т ы т > ............ go 10. И Ш Й 5К ................ п . ............ io8 12. Й З Д .................. и 8 в . ш т т ........ 128 и . ........... ........ 136 i s . щ ж я ш т ш ..................... 146 16. ............. 154 17. 32W f»№ *^ - ................. 164 18. 9К«ШВУб ............. 174 19. ....... 184 20. тЦЦ&Ц « № » >94 9- Rivalry between the States of Chu a n d H a n ......................... 91 10. Xiang Yu Haunted by Chu Chants 11. Song of the Rising W ind .........................109 12. The Oath of the White Horse 13. Cao Adopts the Ways of Xiao 14.
  • The Romance of the Three Kingdoms Podcast. This Is Episode 27. Last

    The Romance of the Three Kingdoms Podcast. This Is Episode 27. Last

    Welcome to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms Podcast. This is episode 27. Last time, the emperor had issued a secret decree to his brother-in-law, Dong (3) Cheng (2), asking him to find a way to get rid of Cao Cao since Cao Cao was turning into yet another imperial puppet master like the guys before him. Dong Cheng was stumped, though, and he fell asleep while thinking about this matter. And he left the decree on the table. When his friend Wang (2) Zifu (3,2) came to visit, he saw the decree. “You are planning to kill the prime minister!” Wang (2) Zifu (3,2) said to a panicked Dong Cheng. “I’m going to turn you in!” “If you do that, the Han is done for!” Dong Cheng said with tears in his eyes. “I was just kidding,” Wang Zifu said. “My family has received the Han’s benevolence for generations, how can I not be loyal to the court? I am willing to lend you a hand and kill the rebel.” “If that’s the case, it would be a boon to the country!” Dong Cheng said. “Then let’s write a secret pledge declaring our loyalty to his majesty, no matter the danger to ourselves or our clans,” Wang Zifu said. Delighted, Dong Cheng fetched a length of white silk and wrote his name first. Wang Zifu then added his name. After this, Wang Zifu said, “General Wu (2) Zilan (3,2) is a close friend of mine. We can bring him in on this.” “Of all the officials at court, only Zhong (3) Ji (2) and Wu (2) Shuo (4) are my confidants,” Dong Cheng said.