ETHIOPIA - COMPLEX EMERGENCY FACT SHEET #2, FISCAL YEAR (FY) 2018 MARCH 8, 2018

NUMBERS AT USAID/OFDA1 FUNDING HIGHLIGHTS A GLANCE BY SECTOR IN FY 2017–2018  UN projects nearly 7.9 million people 2% 3% 3% could require humanitarian assistance 4% during 2018 7.9 5% 31%

10%  USG announces $110 million in million additional humanitarian funding for Estimated Population the Ethiopia response 20% Requiring Emergency 22% Food Assistance UN – February 2018 HUMANITARIAN FUNDING Ethiopia Humanitarian Fund (31%) FOR THE ETHIOPIA RESPONSE IN FY 2017–2018 Nutrition (22%) Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (20%) Logistics Support & Relief Commodities (10%) USAID/OFDA $97,003,172 3.85 Agriculture & Food Security (5%) Humanitarian Coordination & Information Management (4%) Economic Recovery & Market Systems (3%) USAID/FFP $421,983,700 Health (3%) million Other (2%) State/PRM3 $99,168,276 Estimated Number of Acute Malnutrition Cases USAID/FFP2 FUNDING in 2018 BY MODALITY IN FY 2017–2018 UN – February 2018 4 78% 22% $618,155,148

U.S. In-Kind Food Aid (78%) Local and Regional Procurement (22%) $242 million Priority Funding KEY DEVELOPMENTS Requested to Address  Sustained, large-scale emergency assistance—including food, nutrition, and water, Critical Needs from sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions—is required during 2018 to prevent severe January to June 2018 UN – February 2018 levels of food insecurity and acute malnutrition in Ethiopia, particularly in Somali Region, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) reported in early March.  On March 6, the U.S. Government (USG) announced an additional $110 million in $895 humanitarian funding for the emergency response in Ethiopia. The new funding, comprising nearly $107 million from USAID/FFP and more than $3 million from million USAID/OFDA, will support emergency food assistance and life-saving nutrition and Initial Estimate of 2018 WASH interventions for conflict-and drought-affected populations across the country. Humanitarian Funding Requirements UN – December 2017 1 USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA) 2 USAID’s Office of Food for Peace (USAID/FFP) 3 U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (State/PRM) . State/PRM funding in Ethiopia includes assistance to Somali and South Sudanese refugees and vulnerable migrants affected by the Yemen crisis who are sheltering in Ethiopia, which is also included in the regional USG response totals for Somalia, South Sudan, and Yemen, respectively. 4 In addition to the newly announced $110 million for the Ethiopia response, State/PRM also provided nearly $23 million to assist Somali and South Sudanese refugees sheltering in Ethiopia, which is reflected in the above funding chart and the recently announced funding for the regional Somalia and South Sudan responses. Excluding USG funding for regional responses to the Somalia, South Sudan, and Yemen crises, the USG has provided approximately $560 million for the Ethiopia response in FY 2017–2018.

1 CURRENT EVENTS  On February 16, the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) declared a six-month state of emergency, noting that violence and instability in some areas of the country had undermined security conditions and disrupted economic activities. The unrest has also led to population displacement, civilian deaths, and damage to property, according to the GoE. The U.S. Embassy in Addis Ababa released a public statement on February 17, expressing disagreement with the decision to impose a state of emergency and urging authorities to identify other means to protect lives and property while preserving the rights of assembly and expression. On February 23, the UN urged the GoE to avoid actions that infringe on the human rights of citizens or impede deliveries of humanitarian assistance during the state of emergency.  To inform donor funding and Ethiopia Humanitarian Fund (EHF) allocations, the UN and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have identified more than $242 million in priority interventions required between January and June 2018. Priority activities include deliveries of emergency food assistance and relief commodities; health care and nutrition services; emergency seed provision; and animal feed and health activities. Overall, an estimated 7.9 million people in Ethiopia could require emergency food assistance during 2018, according to the UN. As of early March, the GoE and UN had not yet released the 2018 Ethiopia Humanitarian and Disaster Resilience Plan, which will outline the population in need and required funding levels between January and December 2018.  In late January, UN Under-Secretary-General and Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC) Mark Lowcock traveled to Ethiopia and announced $10 million in funding from the UN Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF)—a pooled humanitarian fund established and managed by the UN to support sudden-onset and underfunded emergencies. The CERF funding will complement ongoing GoE response activities by supporting emergency shelter and WASH interventions for internally displaced persons (IDPs) and host community members in Oromiya and Somali regions, according to the UN.  During the January visit to displacement sites in Somali, ERC Lowcock called on regional authorities to enable immediate distribution of available emergency food assistance and finalize agreements with humanitarian stakeholders on the modality of future assistance. ERC Lowcock also advocated for improved coordination among humanitarian and development actors in Ethiopia, particularly related to needs resulting from population displacement and prolonged drought conditions in southeastern parts of the country.

INSECURITY AND DISPLACEMENT  On February 11, political protests and unrest resulted in clashes between GoE security forces and protestors in parts of Oromiya, according to international media. The same day, individuals reportedly halted a humanitarian convoy near the region’s Harar town and set fire to an estimated 260 metric tons (MT) of emergency food assistance, with ensuing fighting resulting in at least six deaths and injuring 20 people. The affected food commodities did not include USAID- funded food assistance.  In early February, the GoE announced plans to close two displacement sites—Qoloji 1 and Qoloji 2—in Somali near the Oromiya–Somali border, citing concerns related to the appropriateness of the sites, according to the UN. The GoE is considering relocating IDPs from the two sites to more appropriate areas within the region, the UN reports. The displacement sites are located in Fafan Zone and hosted approximately 68,300 people as of early February, with an estimated 38,300 IDPs in Qoloji 1 and nearly 30,000 IDPs in Qoloji 2.  Nearly 1.7 million IDPs were sheltering in approximately 860 displacement sites across Ethiopia as of December 2017, with more than 550 of the sites established during 2017, according to USAID/OFDA partner the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The GoE National Disaster Risk Management Commission endorsed the analysis, which identified a nearly 30 percent increase in Ethiopia’s IDP population compared to the estimated 1.3 million IDPs identified in August/September 2017. The majority of IDPs—nearly 1.1 million people—identified conflict as the primary cause of displacement, while approximately 529,000 people identified drought, flooding, and other natural hazards.  The GoE has allocated approximately $182 million to provide assistance to people in Ethiopia affected by natural and man-made disasters during 2018, the UN reports. GoE funding includes more than $36 million to assist regional

2 authorities in Oromiya and Somali with IDP resettlement and returns to areas of origin. Oromiya and Somali continue to host the majority of conflict-related IDPs, with IOM identifying more than 561,000 conflict-affected IDPs in Oromiya and nearly 461,000 IDPs in Somali as of December 2017.  In response to increased population displacement in Oromiya since September 2017, USAID/OFDA partner Action Against Hunger (AAH) has scaled up emergency nutrition interventions in 16 of the region’s most-affected woredas, or districts, across Borena, East Hararghe, Guji, and West Hararghe zones. In addition to supporting GoE health workers, AAH is expanding screenings for acute malnutrition and providing emergency nutrition interventions in the most-affected districts of Oromiya. In recent months, AAH has observed disproportionate levels of acute malnutrition among pregnant and lactating women in Borena, East Hararghe, and West Hararghe. The NGO reports that households without adequate access to food often prioritize feeding children as a coping mechanism, which can negatively affect the health and nutrition conditions of mothers and infants. In FY 2017, USAID/OFDA provided approximately $1.8 million to AAH to support integrated nutrition and WASH activities in Oromiya.

FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION  Following average to above-average rainfall across much of southern and southeastern Ethiopia from October to December 2017, below-average seasonal rains are expected from March–May in southeastern Ethiopia, including in some areas that experienced three below-average rainy seasons during the previous two years. During 2018, FEWS NET expects severe levels of food insecurity to persist in drought-affected areas of Ethiopia, particularly in Somali, due to the cumulative effects of poor seasonal rainfall in 2016 and 2017, anticipated below-average rainfall through mid- 2018, and ongoing conflict-related displacement. Sustained, large-scale emergency interventions, including food, nutrition, and WASH assistance, is required to prevent extreme levels of food insecurity, acute malnutrition, and excess mortality, according to FEWS NET.  Household surveys, rapid field assessments, and the post-meher seasonal assessment indicate that severe levels of food insecurity and acute malnutrition persist among displaced and vulnerable populations in Somali. IDPs in the region are particularly affected due to livestock losses and protracted displacement. Many IDPs and host community members continued to experience Emergency—IPC 4—levels of acute food insecurity as of early March, although humanitarian assistance has contributed to preventing further deterioration of food security and nutrition conditions, according to FEWS NET.5  As of late February, the UN World Food Program (WFP) continued to support deliveries of emergency food and nutrition assistance across drought-affected areas of Somali, including in-kind food initially planned for distribution in December 2017 and January 2018. The UN agency reports that a variety of issues have delayed food distributions, including disagreement over the appropriate modality—in-kind food or cash—of food assistance; operational challenges related to the high number of distribution points; security-related constraints; and fluid population movement. WFP emergency food and nutrition assistance programs assisted an estimated 4.3 million people in Somali during January, according to the UN agency.  In early March, USAID/FFP provided nearly 72,000 MT of U.S. in-kind food—with an estimated value of approximately $60 million—to support WFP to deliver emergency food assistance to drought-affected populations in Somali Region, as well as refugees in Ethiopia who fled from Eritrea, Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan. With the new assistance, WFP aims to provide cooking oil, peas, and sorghum to approximately 1.6 million vulnerable people in Somali and 648,000 refugees countrywide, as well as specialized nutrition commodities to prevent acute malnutrition and treat people facing moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) across Ethiopia.  USAID/FFP also recently provided approximately 78,600 MT of U.S. in-kind emergency food aid, with an estimated value of $47 million, to support the USAID/FFP-funded Joint Emergency Operation (JEOP)—a consortium of NGOs led by Catholic Relief Services (CRS). JEOP reaches approximately 1.8 million people across Ethiopia,

5 The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) is a standardized tool that aims to classify the severity and magnitude of food insecurity. The IPC scale, which is comparable across countries, ranges from Minimal—IPC 1—to Famine—IPC 5.

3 including the city of Dire Dawa and Amhara, Oromiya, Tigray, and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples (SNNP) regions.  With $2.6 million in FY 2018 funding from USAID/OFDA, GOAL is supporting emergency nutrition and WASH interventions for displaced and drought-affected populations in Somali. The new USAID/OFDA funding is supporting GOAL to conduct community-based management of acute malnutrition in the region, including treatment of children experiencing severe acute malnutrition via outpatient therapeutic programs and stabilization centers; targeted supplementary feeding programs to treat children and pregnant and lactating women facing MAM; and community mobilization, education, and training on infant and young children feed practices. GOAL is also improving WASH conditions at health facilities in Somali by training health staff on safe hygiene practices, constructing latrines, and improving access to safe drinking water.

HEALTH AND WASH  From January 1–21, the GoE recorded nearly 110 suspected measles cases in Somali’s Dollo, Fafan, Jarar, and Korahe zones, according to the UN World Health Organization (WHO). While the number of new suspected measles cases in Ethiopia has declined in recent months, the majority of cases recorded during January occurred in Somali. WHO also reported measles transmission in Afar, Amhara, and Tigray regions, as well as the capital city of Addis Ababa.  In response to continued measles transmission in Somali, relief organizations initiated an integrated measles and polio vaccination campaign in mid-January. In addition to procuring vaccines, health organizations are providing technical assistance to GoE officials to support the vaccination campaign and trainings on infection prevention and control in affected communities. WHO is also supporting response coordination efforts by compiling data and sharing critical updates with relevant stakeholders. Vaccination efforts remained ongoing as of mid-February, WHO reports.  With more than $366,000 in USAID/OFDA funding through the International Rescue Committee (IRC)-led Rapid Response Mechanism, Lutheran World Federation (LWF) is responding to the acute needs of IDPs in Oromiya’s Bale Zone. LWF aims to increase access to safe drinking water and improve WASH conditions by supporting water trucking; promoting safe hygiene and sanitation practices at the community level; and distributing emergency relief commodities and water treatment chemicals.  NGO Comitato Internazionale per lo Sviluppo dei Popoli (CISP)—with nearly $486,900 in USAID/OFDA funding through the IRC-led Rapid Response Mechanism—is providing emergency WASH interventions to IDPs and drought- affected people in Oromiya’s Borena Zone. Overall, CISP aims to improve access to safe drinking water and sanitation services, while promoting safe hygiene practices and enhancing community capacity to manage water sources. CISP is also rehabilitating water supply infrastructure, supporting water trucking, and constructing emergency latrines.

MULTI-SECTOR ASSISTANCE  With support from USAID/OFDA and USAID/Ethiopia, the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) launched a national incident management system (NIMS) training program in January, targeting six of Ethiopia’s nine regions. The first session occurred in Afar during the week of January 22; subsequent trainings are scheduled for Amhara, Oromiya, SNNP, Somali, and Tigray in the coming months. The trainees include representatives from GoE regional disaster prevention bureaus and key humanitarian partners, including UN agencies and NGOs.  USAID continues to support a technical assistance partnership with the GoE to adopt relevant NIMS components and improve the GoE’s capacity to respond to disasters. When established, NIMS establishes an organized, proactive approach and coordination mechanisms to guide federal, regional, and local government authorities responding to and mitigating the effects of disasters. In FY 2017, USAID/Ethiopia and USAID/OFDA provided approximately $400,000 and $200,000, respectively, to support USFS to enhance emergency management capacity in Ethiopia.  In 2017, the EHF—led by the UN Humanitarian Coordinator for Ethiopia on behalf of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)—allocated approximately $94 million to more than 30 relief organizations to support life-saving humanitarian interventions across Ethiopia. The funding supported access to safe

4 drinking water for nearly 700,000 people; improved access to health care services for approximately 400,000 people; distributed more than 89,000 kits containing emergency shelter materials and relief commodities; and supported community-based management of acute malnutrition services for nearly 650,000 children and pregnant and lactating women. The EHF enables the rapid and targeted provision of funding in response to priority response gaps in Ethiopia. USAID/OFDA contributed $29.5 million in FY 2017 funding to support the EHF.

2017–2018 HUMANITARIAN FUNDING* PER DONOR

$618,155,148

$130,257,524

$72,731,907 $65,895,991 $29,214,939 $23,082,025 $21,000,000 $11,558,246 $11,106,526 $10,215,580

USG European United Kingdom Germany Sweden Canada China Japan Switzerland Italy Commission**

*Funding figures are as of March 6, 2018. All international figures are according to OCHA Financial Tracking Service and based on international commitments during 2017 and 2018, while USG figures are according to the USG and reflect USG commitments in FY 2017 and FY 2018, which began on October 1, 2016, and October 1, 2017, respectively. **Includes contributions from the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (ECHO)

CONTEXT  Populations in Ethiopia frequently experience recurrent drought, seasonal flooding, intercommunal conflict, food insecurity, disease outbreaks, and limited access to health and WASH services, contributing to sustained humanitarian needs and an ongoing complex emergency.  From 2015–2016, USAID/OFDA responded to Ethiopia’s worst drought in more than 50 years, which resulted in at least 10.2 million people requiring emergency food assistance. In March 2016, USAID/OFDA announced activation of a Disaster Assistance Response Team (DART) and a Washington, D.C.-based Response Management Team (RMT) to support relief efforts. USAID/OFDA demobilized the DART and RMT in November 2016 as conditions in severely drought-affected areas of central, eastern, and northeastern Ethiopia improved due to humanitarian assistance and favorable rainfall.  Beginning in late 2016, however, drought conditions in previously less-affected areas of southeastern Ethiopia intensified following consecutive seasons of below-average rainfall. By February 2018, the UN estimated that nearly 7.9 million people required emergency food assistance, primarily in Oromiya, Somali, and SNNP. Intercommunal conflict along the border between Oromiya and Somali intensified in late 2017, displacing hundreds of thousands of people in the two regions and exacerbating humanitarian needs.  On October 10, 2017, U.S. Ambassador Michael A. Raynor redeclared a disaster for FY 2018 due to the ongoing complex emergency in Ethiopia.

5 USG HUMANITARIAN FUNDING FOR THE ETHIOPIA RESPONSE IN FY 2017–20181 IMPLEMENTING PARTNER ACTIVITY LOCATION AMOUNT

USAID/OFDA AAH Nutrition, WASH Oromiya $1,779,464 CARE Agriculture and Food Security, WASH Oromiya $951,003 Nutrition, WASH Amhara, Tigray $1,642,303 Concern Agriculture and Food Security, Health, Amhara $1,995,141 Nutrition, WASH

Joint Award with USAID/Ethiopia: Risk CRS Countrywide $992,920 Management Policy and Practice

GOAL Nutrition, WASH SNNP, Somali $4,600,000

Humanitarian Coordination and Information iMMAP Countrywide $152,814 Management

International Medical Corps (IMC) Health, Nutrition, WASH Oromiya, SNNP $2,750,000

Economic Recovery and Market Systems (ERMS), Humanitarian Coordination and IOM Information Management, Logistics Support and Countrywide $1,700,000 Relief Commodities, Shelter and Settlements, WASH International Potato Center (IPC) Agriculture and Food Security SNNP $500,000 WASH Somali $2,070,219

IRC Humanitarian Coordination and Information Countrywide $8,473,797 Management, Nutrition, WASH

Nutrition, WASH Somali $1,711,287 Mercy Corps Agriculture and Food Security Oromiya, Somali $999,474 EHF Countrywide $29,500,000 OCHA Humanitarian Coordination and Information Countrywide $2,000,000 Management

Oxfam Agriculture and Food Security, ERMS, WASH Somali $6,900,000 Joint Award with USAID/Ethiopia: Risk Countrywide $500,000 Project Concern International (PCI) Management Policy and Practice Agriculture and Food Security, WASH Oromiya $783,160

Agriculture and Food Security, ERMS, Save the Children/U.S. (SC/US) Afar, Somali $6,300,000 Nutrition, WASH

Tufts University Agriculture and Food Security Countrywide $250,000

UN Department of Safety and Security Humanitarian Coordination and Information Addis Ababa, SNNP, Somali $258,786 (UNDSS) Management

UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) Health, Nutrition, WASH Countrywide $9,482,408 USFS Disaster Assistance Support Program Countrywide $200,000 UN Humanitarian Air Service (UNHAS) Logistics Support and Relief Commodities Somali $1,000,000 WFP Logistics Support and Relief Commodities Countrywide $8,000,000 Program Support $1,510,396

TOTAL USAID/OFDA FUNDING $97,003,172

USAID/FFP2 Amhara, Dire Dawa, Oromiya, CRS/JEOP 343,860 MT of U.S. In-Kind Food Aid $191,040,027 SNNP, Tigray Mercy Corps 1,136 MT of U.S. In-Kind Food Aid Somali $1,361,222

6 UNICEF Nutrition Assistance Countrywide $89,614 105,890 MT of U.S. In-Kind Food Aid Somali $81,268,371

116,881 MT of Local and Regional Procurement Somali $73,000,000

WFP 29,214 MT of Local and Regional Procurement Countrywide $20,000,000

61,700 MT of U.S. In-Kind Food Aid for Countrywide $55,224,466 Refugees

TOTAL USAID/FFP FUNDING $421,983,700

State/PRM3

AAH Nutrition for Refugees Gambella, Benishangul Gumuz $1,000,000 Center for Victims of Torture (CVT) Psychosocial Assistance for Refugees Tigray $1,100,000 Dan Church Aid Food Security Assistance for Refugees Gambella $1,000,000 Danish Refugee Council (DRC) Protection for Refugees Gambella $750,000 GOAL Nutrition Assistance for Refugees Gambella $1,000,000

Nutrition, Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Response and Protection, Mental Health, and Gambella $2,000,000 Health Assistance for Refugees IMC Nutrition and GBV Prevention and Response Somali $2,000,000 for Refugees

Emergency Transportation and Relocation Countrywide $1,000,000 Assistance for Refugees IOM Contribution to Yemen Revised Regional Countrywide $1,100,000 Appeal for Ethiopia

GBV Response and Prevention for Refugees Somali $994,350 Livelihoods and Protection for Refugees Somali $1,000,000 IRC Multi-Sector Assistance for Refugees Tigray $1,067,910

WASH, GBV Response and Prevention, and Benishangul-Gumuz $1,250,000 Health for Refugees

Psychosocial Assistance and Livelihoods for Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) Tigray $396,000 Refugees

LWF Livelihoods for Refugees Somali $823,683 Plan International Protection and Education for Refugees Gambella $1,000,000 SC/US Education and Child Protection for Refugees Gambella, Somali $2,000,000 Office of the UN High Commissioner Protection and Assistance for Refugees Countrywide $78,576,333 for Refugees (UNHCR) UNHAS Logistics Support and Relief Commodities Countrywide $1,110,000 TOTAL STATE/PRM FUNDING $99,168,276

TOTAL USG HUMANITARIAN FUNDING FOR THE ETHIOPIA RESPONSE IN FY 2017–2018 $618,155,1484 1 Year of funding indicates the date of commitment or obligation, not appropriation, of funds; USG funding represents publicly reported amounts as of March 6, 2018. 2 Estimated value of food assistance and transportation costs at time of procurement; subject to change. In FY 2017, USAID/FFP provided 669 MT of in-kind specialized nutrition commodities—procured during the previous fiscal year—to Mercy Corps for its joint USAID/OFDA- and USAID/FFP-funded nutrition program in Somali. The value of the commodity and associated transportation costs were reported in the previous fiscal year and are not reflected in FY 2017 fund ing. FY 2017 funding for CRS/JEOP was revised downwards due to a reallocation of funds. 3 State/PRM funding in Ethiopia includes assistance to Somali and South Sudanese refugees and vulnerable migrants affected by t he Yemen crisis who are sheltering in Ethiopia, which is also included in the regional USG response totals for Somalia, South Sudan, and Yemen, respectively. 4 In addition to the newly announced $110 million for the Ethiopia response, State/PRM also provided nearly $23 million to assist Somali and South Sudanese refugees sheltering in Ethiopia, which is reflected in the above funding chart and the recently announced funding for the regional Somalia and South Sudan responses. Excluding USG funding for regional responses to the Somalia, South Sudan, and Yemen crises, the USG has provided approximately $560 million for the Ethiopia response in FY 2017–2018.

7 PUBLIC DONATION INFORMATION  The most effective way people can assist relief efforts is by making cash contributions to humanitarian organizations that are conducting relief operations. A list of humanitarian organizations that are accepting cash donations for disaster responses around the world can be found at www.interaction.org.  USAID encourages cash donations because they allow aid professionals to procure the exact items needed (often in the affected region); reduce the burden on scarce resources (such as transportation routes, staff time, and warehouse space); can be transferred very quickly and without transportation costs; support the economy of the disaster-stricken region; and ensure culturally, dietary, and environmentally appropriate assistance.  More information can be found at: • USAID Center for International Disaster Information: www.cidi.org or +1.202.821.1999. • Information on relief activities of the humanitarian community can be found at www.reliefweb.int.

USAID/OFDA bulletins appear on the USAID website at http://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/working-crises-and-conflict/responding-times-crisis/where-we-work

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