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Nuevas Aportaciones Sobre La Fauna De Estafilínidos Asociada a Bosques Del Norte De La Península Ibérica (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

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Nuevas Aportaciones Sobre La Fauna De Estafilínidos Asociada a Bosques Del Norte De La Península Ibérica (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) Heteropterus Revista de Entomología 2018 Heteropterus Rev. Entomol. 18(1): 33-64 ISSN: 1579-0681 Nuevas aportaciones sobre la fauna de estafilínidos asociada a bosques del norte de la Península Ibérica (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) I. PÉREZ-MORENO1, R. OUTERELO2, P. GAMARRA3, A.F. SAN MARTÍN4, J.I. RECALDE5 1Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación; Universidad de La Rioja; c/ Madre de Dios 53; 26006 Logroño (La Rioja); E-mail: [email protected] 2Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física; Facultad de Biología; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid; E-mail: [email protected] 3Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios La Salle-UAM; c/ La Salle 10; 28023 Madrid; E-mail: [email protected] 4Travesía Jesús Guridi 3, 4º izda.; 31005 Pamplona-Iruña (Navarra); E-mail: [email protected] 5c/ Andreszar 21; 31610 Villaba-Atarrabia (Navarra); E-mail: [email protected] Resumen Se enumeran 151 especies de estafilínidos de bosques de tres localidades pirenaicas y prepirenaicas del Valle del Roncal (95 especies) y una localidad del Sistema Ibérico septentrional (83 especies). Venticinco especies se conocen de tres o menos provincias españolas y muchas son nuevas para las faunas navarra y/o riojana. En las cuatro loca- lidades estudiadas las faunas consisten principalmente en elementos de amplia distribución geográfica, siendo muy minoritarios los endemismos y cuasiendemismos ibéricos, así como los elementos mediterráneo-occidentales. Al menos el 36% del conjunto de las especies estudiadas pueden considerarse saproxílicas. Es notable el hallazgo de Platydracus riojanus en la localidad pirenaica de Isaba, ya que no había vuelto a ser citada desde su descripción basada en material de Torrecilla en Cameros (La Rioja). Palabras clave: Staphylinidae, bosque, Navarra, La Rioja. Laburpena Ekarpen berri bat Iberiar Penintsularen iparraldeko basoei lotutako estafilinidoei buruz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) Basoetako estafilinidoen 151 espezie zerrendatzen dira Erronkaribarreko hiru lokalitate piriniotar eta prepiri- niotarretan (95 espezie) eta ipar Iberiar Sistemako lokalitate batean (83 espezie). Hogeita bost espezie espainiar probintzietako hiru edo gutxiagotan ezagunak dira eta espezie asko berriak suertatzen dira nafar edo/eta errioxar faunetarako. Ikertutako lau lokalitateetako faunak banaketa geografiko zabaleko elementuek osatzen dituzte nagu- siki, iberiar endemismoak eta kuasi-endemismoak, bai eta mendebaldeko mediterranear elementuak ere, gutxiengo bat izanik. Aztertutako espezieen ia %36a saproxilikotzat jo daitezke. Nabarmentzekoa da Platydracus riojanus espe- ziearen aurkikuntza, Izabako lokalitate piriniotarrean, Errioxako Torrecilla en Cameroseko materialean oinarritu- tako deskribapenetik inoiz ez baita, orain arte, berraurkitu. Gako-hitzak: Staphylinidae, basoa, Nafarroa, Errioxa. Abstract A new contribution to the knowledge on rove-beetle fauna associated to northern Iberian Peninsula forests (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) 151 species of rove-beetles from Pyrenean and pre-Pyrenean areas of the Roncal Valley (95 species in three loc- alities) and the northern Iberian Range (83 species in a single locality) are recorded. Twenty-five of those species are known from three or less Spanish provinces, and many are new for the faunas of La Rioja and Navarre. In all the four studied localities the elements of broad and very broad distribution range are dominant, while 34 PÉREZ-MORENO ET AL.: Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) en bosques del norte de la Península Ibérica Iberian endemites and quasi-endemites, but also western-Mediterranean elements, are poorly represented. At least 36% of the forest-dwelling species studied can be considered to be saproxylic. It is remarkable the discovery of Platydracus riojanus in the Pyrenean locality of Isaba. That species had not been recorded since its original description, that was based on specimens from Torrecilla en Cameros (La Rioja). Key words: Staphylinidae, forest, Navarre, La Rioja. Introducción Material y métodos Los estafilínidos, con más de 61300 especies descritas, constituyen actualmente la familia más diversa del Descripción de los bosques estudiados mundo tras la incorporación de las familias Pselaphi- Entre los años 2011 y 2016 se han muestreado tres dae, Scaphidiidae y Scydmaenidae como subfamilias bosques situados en la Comunidad Foral de Navarra (Newton, 2015). Estos coleópteros pueden encon- (Burgui, Garde e Isaba) y uno en la Comunidad trarse en la inmensa mayoría de los ecosistemas, Autónoma de La Rioja (Villoslada de Cameros). aunque en general prefieren condiciones húmedas, En el caso de Navarra, todos los bosques están si- y son especialmente abundantes en los ambientes tuados en los aledaños de la cordillera de los Pirineos, forestales, donde ocupan diversos nichos, como la concretamente en el Valle de Roncal, al noreste de la hojarasca, madera muerta, hongos, vegetación, excre- región. mentos, cadáveres y otros materiales en descom- posición (Lipkow y Betz, 2005). La mayoría de los En la localidad de Burgui se estudió el abetal de estafilínidos son depredadores no específicos de Basari, masa bastante monoespecífica de pinabete otros invertebrados, pero muchos son saprófagos o (Abies alba), a unos 700 m de altitud. Las trampas se micófagos, y algunos se alimentan de algas o polen colocaron preferentemente en pistas de entresaca y a (Bohac, 1999). No pocas especies se asocian con lo largo de la regata Basari. insectos sociales, especialmente hormigas y termitas En la localidad de Garde los muestreos se llevaron a (Kistner, 1982), otras habitan en madrigueras de cabo en dos zonas diferentes: vertebrados, e incluso existen especies que viven - Hoya de Mancho. Se trata de un espacio de gran como ectoparásitos de pequeños mamíferos (Seevers, pendiente situado entre 925 y 975 m de altitud, 1955). a lo largo de una pista de entresaca paralela a En cualquier caso, se trata de un grupo de indudable una pequeña regata. En los márgenes del torrente importancia dentro del ámbito saproxílico, ya que crecen hayas, pinos y abetos, además de avellanos muchas de sus numerosas especies interactúan, de y sauces. forma, cuando menos, facultativa, con las redes tróficas de este variado universo ecológico. - Abetal de Garamuzea. Es una pequeña y depau- perada masa de Abies alba que ha perdido nume- En los últimos años se está llevando a cabo un rosos pies. Diversos arbustos y arbolillos (avellanos, importante esfuerzo prospectivo de la fauna de serbales, majuelos, cuernecillos, pinos...) crecen en coleópteros saproxílicos del norte de la Península los nuevos claros. Se muestrearon rodales entre Ibérica. Los métodos de muestreo utilizados han 825 y 875 m de altitud. permitido la captura de numerosos estafilínidos, no necesariamente saproxílicos, lo que constituye una Las dos zonas estudiadas en la localidad de Isaba buena oportunidad para incrementar el conocimiento están dominadas por el pino royo (Pinus sylvestris). existente de esta familia en el ámbito peninsular Se sitúan a unos 1400 m de altitud, en la ladera sur (ver, por ejemplo: Pérez Moreno y Moreno Grijalba, del monte Txamantxoia y, aunque próximas entre sí, 2009; Gamarra y Outerelo, 2016; Outerelo et al., poseen tipologías diferentes, ya que uno de los roda- 2016a, 2016b). En este trabajo se presentan los resul- les consiste, fundamentalmente, en pies veteranos tados obtenidos en este sentido en cuatro bosques de la mencionada resinosa, mientras que la otra está localizados en los Pirineos occidentales y el Sistema integrada por acumulaciones de pinos jóvenes arran- Ibérico septentrional. cados y arrastrados monte abajo por pequeños aludes. Heteropterus Rev. Entomol. (2018) 18(1): 33-64 35 Dentro del pinar de pies veteranos existen algunas Abundancia y frecuencia hayas y pequeños pies dispersos de abeto, mientras Se ha analizado la abundancia (porcentaje de indivi- que los pinos jóvenes muertos forman acumulacio- duos de la especie frente al total de individuos) y la nes al pie de un roquedo donde crecen hayas, pinos frecuencia (porcentaje de muestras en las que aparece) y abetos. de cada especie utilizando los criterios seguidos por Los abetales de Burgui y Garde son formaciones Fernández et al. (2010). En el caso de la abundancia se relictas y se encuentran en áreas actualmente domi- han considerando tres rangos: muy abundantes (> 7%); nadas por vegetación submediterránea. Los pinares abundantes (1-7%); y poco abundantes (<1%). Con de Isaba ocupan antiguas áreas de hayedo y abetal respecto a la frecuencia, se han definido las siguientes y se encuentran en el piso montano superior. Son clases: muy frecuentes (> 50%); frecuentes (25-50%); evidentes en ellos algunas influencias mediterráneas poco frecuentes (15-24%); y raras (< 15%). Debido a debido a su orientación meridional. que en los bosques de Garde e Isaba los muestreos En el caso de La Rioja, se ha muestreado la dehesa no fueron homogéneos, no se ha podido considerar de Villoslada de Cameros, bosque situado en el la frecuencia de las especies en ellos. Sistema Ibérico septentrional y que forma parte del Parque Natural Sierra de Cebollera, al sur de dicha Distribución comunidad autónoma. Se trata de una formación boscosa compuesta por grandes y antiguos rebollos Los datos sobre distribución mundial y a nivel penin- (Quercus pyrenaica), entre los que aparecen algunos sular de cada especie se han obtenido a partir de los ejemplares aislados de haya y pino albar. Se encuentra catálogos de los coleópteros paleárticos editados por a una altitud media de 1400
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