BLACK FARM PRESERVE (Previously known as the Stambaugh Property) BASELINE INVENTORY September 2004

COMPILED BY Salt River Project Siting and Studies Division Environmental Services Department P. O. Box 52025 Phoenix, 85072-2025

CONTENTS Summary………………………………………………………… ……………………… ii Conservation Values Based on Baseline Inventory……… …………...………… ii Management Issues Based on Baseline Inventory……… …………….………… ii I. Introduction…………………………………………………… ……………………… 1 A. Purpose………………………………………………… ………..……………. 1 B. Methods………………………………………………… ……….……………. 1 C. Report Organization…………………………………… …………..…………. 1 II. General Description…………………………………………… …………..…………. 2 A. Geographical Setting…………………………………….………..…………… 2 B. Conservation Values on the Property…………………………………………. 6 III. Site Resources…………………………………………………………………………. 6 A. Geology ……………………………………………………………… ………. 6 B. Soils…………………………………………………………………………… 7 C. Hydrology……………………………………………………….……………. 9 D. Vegetation……………………………………………………..………..……. 11 E. Wildlife……………………………………………………….……………… 15 F. Cultural Resources……………………………………………..……….……. 18 G. Additional Resources…………………………………………..……….……. 20 H. Land Use and Management………………………………………………….. 20 I. Property Improvements and Legal Considerations…………….……….……. 21 References………………………………………………………………….…………… 26

FIGURES Figure 1. Aerial Photograph…………………………………………………………… 3 Figure 2. Regional Setting……………………………………………………………... 4 Figure 3. Local Setting………………………………………………………………… 5 Figure 4. Soils...... 8 Figure 5. Vegetation Communities……………………………………………………. 14 Figure 6. Land Ownership…………………………………………………………….. 22 Figure 7. Property Improvements and Photo Point Locations ...... 24

APPENDICES Appendix A: Permanent Photo Point Location Descriptions and Documentation Appendix B: Site Photographs Appendix C: Plant Species Appendix D: Wildlife Species Appendix E: Report Preparers and Contributors

i

SUMMARY

OWNER/CONTACT: Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District PAB352 P.O. Box 52025 Phoenix, Arizona 85072-2025

PROPERTY LOCATION: Property is located off of State Highway 77, about six miles south of Dudleyville in Pinal County, Arizona.

ACREAGE: 137 acres, total 30 acres stream bottomland 107 acres irrigated agricultural land

MITIGATION CREDITS: 95 acre-credits, total 30 acres riparian habitat 65 acre-credits water rights/buffer lands

ZONING: General Rural

CONSERVATION VALUES BASED ON BASELINE INVENTORY

The Property is important for conservation because it possesses:  an annual surface water right from Aravaipa Creek in the amount of 1,692.5 acre-feet from January 1 to December 31, dating back to December 28, 1865, to be transferred to an instream flow right for purposes of sustaining riparian-related wildlife habitat  riparian habitat associated with Aravaipa Creek that has the potential to provide wildlife habitat.

MANAGEMENT ISSUES BASED ON BASELINE INVENTORY

Some management issues that could affect the Conservation Values adversely include:  Extensive groundwater pumping from the alluvial aquifer in the vicinity of the Property  Trespass livestock or recreationists (i.e. off-road vehicles, hunters)  Wildfires in the riparian area  Development pressures from adjacent landowners  Noxious weeds on the Property and adjacent areas

I. INTRODUCTION

A. PURPOSE The purpose of this baseline inventory is: (1) to summarize the physical and ecological characteristics and conditions of the Property; and, (2) to document and record existing conditions and Conservation Values on the Property. Conditions on the Property have been documented through surveys, inventories, monitoring, photographs and literature review.

B. METHODS AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION The baseline inventory was compiled from a number of sources. Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District (“SRP”) staff and consultants conducted several site visits to document ecological and physical characteristics of the Property. Catherine May, SRP historian, used the Land Use History methodology to compile the pre- history and history of the area. Richard Anduze, SRP archaeologist, expanded on May’s work based on a site reconnaissance and review of the literature. John Felty, SRP Land Agent, provided general information about the Property. Additional information about site characteristics came from an Environmental Site Assessment that was conducted by Chris C. Robertson, R.G., for SRP. Ruth Valencia and Lesly Swanson, SRP biologists, inventoried plants and wildlife on the Property and consulted field guides and other literature. SRP spoke to personnel from several government agencies to obtain information, including Dr. Francis E. Northam at Arizona Department of Agriculture (ADOA), Sabra Schwartz at the Arizona Game and Fish Department’s (“AGFD”) Heritage Data Management System (“HDMS”) and Winnie Chen at the Natural Resource Conservation Service (“NRCS”). Other sources of information used for this inventory include: Arizona State Land Department records; Pinal County Department of Planning and Development’s website; the Arizona Geological Society (“AGS”) website, publications and maps; the Natureserve website; U. S. Geological Survey (“USGS”) website; Arizona Department of Water Resources (“ADWR”) publications; Arizona State University, Geology Department website; and, Pinal County publications and website.

C. REPORT ORGANIZATION This report presents a summary of the information gathered for the baseline inventory and describes the results of SRP’s evaluation of the Property’s resources and Conservation Values. The report is organized into four narrative sections and five appendices. Following the Summary and Introduction, the General Description section provides information on the setting and history of the conservation project. The Site Resources section summarizes the ecological and cultural resources, land use and management, property improvements and legal considerations related to the Property. Appendix A contains descriptions of permanent photo points on the Property and Appendix B contains photo documentation of the Property. Appendix C is a list of plant species identified during multiple site visits in April through August 2004. Appendix D is a list of

1 wildlife species identified during multiple site visits to the Property and from literature. Appendix E presents a list of the report preparers and contributors.

II. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Property is located at the confluence of Aravaipa Creek and the San Pedro River. Aravaipa Creek flows in a westerly direction through the northern portion of the Property. The remainder of the Property lies to the south of Aravaipa Creek and is located on the adjacent floodplain and terrace. At this location, the creek is ephemeral, flowing on the surface in response to large run- off events in the watershed (ADWR 1991, ADWR 1994, Ellingson 1980). The channel is wide and shallow, sometimes braided, and contains coarse-grained (pebbles and cobbles) point bars (Richards 1982). Vegetation within the creek bottom is dominated by burro brush (Hymenoclea sp.) and can best be described as xeric riparian or riparian strand. A small stand of mesquite (Prosopis velutina) trees grow on the adjacent terrace. Composition and diversity of riparian vegetation in this stream channel have been negatively impacted from years of livestock grazing, from falling groundwater levels due to off-channel pumping and from variable stream flows. For more than a century, the adjacent river terraces have supported irrigated agriculture and livestock grazing. On this Property, approximately 100 acres of the terrace were irrigated for agricultural purposes up until SRP’s purchase. Water is supplied to these fields by a well that accesses the alluvial aquifer. A small ranch house and two outbuildings are situated in the center of the agricultural fields. A row of pecan trees lines the entrance road to the Property and a large Arizona walnut tree marks the location of a human burial in the eastern field. An aerial photograph taken in November 2003, shown on the following page, provides a general overview of the condition and characteristic of the Property (see Figure 1).

A. GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING The Property is located in southeastern Pinal County about six miles south of Dudleyville, along Highway 77, in Sections 9 and 10, Township 7 South, Range 16 East of the Gila and Salt River Base and Meridian. The Property is situated within the Arizona upland subdivision of the Sonoran Biogeographic Province of the Southwest (Brown 1994) in an alluvial valley at the mouth of Aravaipa Creek. The Property includes 137-acres and is irregular in shape. It encompasses cultivated land, vacant land and part of the Aravaipa Creek drainage channel. Elevations on the Property range from approximately 2,160 feet above sea level at the northwest corner to approximately 2,200 feet above sea level near the southeastern corner. Based on weather data from the Winkelman 6S weather station (029420), average total precipitation in the area is 13.9 inches. A little over half of this occurs during the summer months from July through October as the result of late afternoon or early evening thunderstorms that originate from northerly flows of warm tropical air. Summer storms are usually intense over the mountains producing turbulent wind and localized heavy showers. Conversely, winter precipitation is less severe but longer lasting, originating from mid- latitude storms in the North Pacific that move eastward across the U.S. Winter storms resulting from frontal events produce lower intensity and longer duration flow events in local washes than summer monsoon thunderstorms.

Area temperatures range from a mean low of 46 degrees F to a mean high of 84.3 degrees F. However, average maximum temperatures in June, July and August exceed 100 degrees F. Winters tend to be mild with the greatest probability of freezing temperatures occurring between mid-November and mid-March. Length of the freeze-free season at 32.5 degrees F ranges from 168 to 258 days (Western Regional Climate Center 2003).

B. CONSERVATION VALUES ON THE PROPERTY The Conservation Values on this Property include, but are not limited to, surface water rights in Aravaipa Creek dating back to 1865 and natural habitat for fish, wildlife and plants in a riparian ecosystem along Aravaipa Creek. On this Property, surface water rights are related to the condition of the alluvial aquifer because the water right has been satisfied in the recent past by pumping subflow from the creek. In southwestern deserts, where evaporation exceeds precipitation, groundwater that occurs in the alluvial aquifer becomes a critical source of water for maintenance of riparian vegetation. Depth to groundwater plays an important role in the distribution, condition and composition of riparian vegetation. As depth to water below the land surface becomes greater, riparian vegetation becomes less abundant and tends to be replaced with more mesic or xeric plant species.

1. HISTORY OF THE CONSERVATION PROJECT SRP acquired the 137-acre Property near Dudleyville, Arizona in Pinal County in January 2003. Protection of this property will serve as part of the mitigation for SRP’s operation of Roosevelt Lake and Dam, as addressed in the Roosevelt Habitat Conservation Plan (“RHCP”) (SRP 2002), the Incidental Take Permit (“ITP”) and the Implementing Agreement (“IA”). SRP acquired this property (1) to sever and transfer irrigation water rights from 107.8 acres of irrigated fields to instream flows for wildlife purposes, and (2) to enhance riparian habitat along Aravaipa Creek for the southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) (“flycatcher”), listed as an Endangered species under the Endangered Species Act (1973 as amended), and the yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus) (“cuckoo”), listed as a candidate Threatened or Endangered species.

III. SITE RESOURCES This section documents in more detail the basic physical and ecological characteristics and conditions, which directly support the Conservation Values of the Property.

A. GEOLOGY Physiographically, the Property lies in the Basin and Range Lowlands Province of Southern Arizona. The characteristic landform of this province is one of elongated mountain ranges trending northwest to southeast, separated by broad alluvial valleys. The mountains consist of tilted, and sometimes structurally deformed, blocks of Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks that are bounded by faults and have been severely eroded. The valleys are intermontane depressions that have subsided thousands of feet, and are filled with Cenozoic volcanics, alluvium and lacustrine sediments (Nations and Stump 1981). Aravaipa Creek occupies a structural trough bounded by the Galiuro Mountains on the southwest, by the Santa Teresa and Pinaleno Mountains to the northeast and by the Turnbull Mountains to the north (ADWR website 2004). The mountain ranges are composed of Precambrian to Tertiary aged strata and are primarily the result of a major mountain building episode that occurred during the Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary period (ADWR 1991). The structural trough has been filling with sediment deposited from these mountain ranges since the mid-Tertiary (ADWR 1991). Tertiary sediments comprise the older alluvium and serve as an important regional aquifer. Quaternary deposits make up the younger alluvium and are composed of recent, fluvial, unconsolidated sands and gravels that serve as important local aquifers. The Property is located within an alluvial fan formation about one-half mile upstream of the confluence of Aravaipa Creek with the San Pedro River valley where Quaternary deposits are broad and deep.

B. SOILS The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has mapped three soil types on the Property. Each mapping unit is described below and Figure 4 shows the NRCS soil mapping for the Property. All soil information was gathered from the NRCS soil survey (NRCS website). Mapping Unit 450. Gila – Vinton Complex. The Gila Series consists of very deep, well-drained, calcareous soils formed in stratified alluvium. Gila soils are found on alluvial fans and flood plains and have slopes of 0 to 5 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 7 inches and the mean annual air temperature is about 65 degrees F. The typical pedon is from irrigated farmland with a surface layer of grayish-brown to brown loam in the top 22 inches, underlain by a brown gravelly sandy loam to 27 inches, a brown silt loam to 39 inches and a stratified brown silt loam and gravelly sandy loam to 60 inches. Gila soils are used for livestock grazing and irrigated cropland. Natural vegetation is mesquite, catclaw, creosote bush, arrow weed, saltbush, cottonwood, willow, and tamarisk. The Vinton series consists of deep, somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in mixed alluvium. Vinton soils are found on flood plains and have slopes of 0 to 3 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 10 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 62 degrees F. The typical pedon has a brown loam sand in the upper 12 inches overlying yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) stratified loamy sand to 24 inches, brown loamy sand to 36 inches, yellowish-brown loam sand to 48 inches and yellowish-brown fine sand to 60 inches. Vinton soils are used for grazing and irrigated cropland. Natural vegetation is mesquite, catclaw and annual grasses. Mapping Unit 480. Glendale – Hantz Complex, 0 to 5 percent slopes. The Glendale series consists of very deep, well-drained, calcareous, alkaline soils formed in stratified alluvium. Glendale soils are on alluvial fans, flood plains, and stream terraces and have slopes of 0 to 5 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 8 inches and the mean annual air temperature is about 65 degrees F. In a typical profile, the first 8 inches consist of a light brownish-gray loam overlying a grayish-brown clay loam that extends to 18 inches, and a grayish brown stratified silty clay loam to 60 inches. Glendale soils are used for livestock grazing and irrigated cropland. Natural vegetation is creosote bush, mesquite, palo verde, ironwood, salt cedar, cacti, annual forbs and grasses.

The Hantz series consists of very deep, well drained, calcareous soils that formed in stratified mixed alluvium. Hantz soils are on flood plains, stream terraces and alluvial fans and have slopes of 0 to 5 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 10 inches and the mean annual air temperature is about 62 degrees F. Typically, the soil is a light brownish gray silty clay throughout the entire profile, becoming more alkaline with depth. The soil grades from exhibiting weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure to weak coarse angular blocky structure. This soil series is used for livestock grazing and irrigated cropland. Native vegetation is snakeweed, widely spaced creosote bush, tobosa grass, and annuals. About 90 percent of the surface is barren. Mapping Unit 560. Cascabel – Wetrock Soils. The Cascabel and Wetrock series consist of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed from mixed stream alluvium. These soils are on flood plains and have slopes of 0 to 5 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 11 inches and the mean annual air temperature is about 67 degrees F. These soil types are used for livestock grazing, wildlife habitat and recreation. Vegetation is tamarisk, black willow, cottonwood, rabbit foot grass, Bermuda grass, seep willow, Goodding’s willow and Arizona ash. The surface of the typical Cascabel pedon is covered with slightly decomposed cottonwood and tamarisk leaves and twigs. The first 4 inches of soil are a light brown silt loam with a moderate thin platy structure, underlain by 15 inches of brown sand. The next 20 inches are characterized by brown, very gravelly coarse sand interspersed with a few thin strata (1 to 6 inches thick not continuous) of silt loam displaying many distinct strong brown redox concentrations as fine soft iron masses and linings along root channels. Brown coarse sand with 5 to 10 percent medium to large gravel extends for another 21 inches. The typical soil profile for the Wetrock series has 0 to 10 inches of brown extremely gravelly coarse sand at its surface. Underlying material consists of 27 inches of brown gravelly to extremely gravelly coarse sand with common distinct brown and dark greenish gray redox depletions, and many distinct strong brown redox concentrations as fine soft iron masses and linings along root channels. The deepest 23 inches is comprised of brown extremely cobbly coarse sand saturated with water. Soil decreases in alkalinity with depth.

C. HYDROLOGY The Pinaleno and Santa Teresa Mountains border the sub-watershed of Aravaipa Creek on the east and the Galiuro Mountains border it on the west. The Santa Teresa Mountains reach an elevation of just over 10,000 feet above sea level at Heliograph Peak, and precipitation is between twenty-five and thirty inches annually. The Galiuro Mountains have peaks with elevations around 7,600 feet above sea level and the annual precipitation is between twenty and twenty-five inches.

1. SURFACE WATER According to topographic information from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5 minute quadrangle map, Lookout Mountain, Aravaipa Creek flows across the northern portion of the Property in a west-southwesterly direction toward the San Pedro River. Aravaipa Creek is considered one of the largest tributaries of the San Pedro River. The total drainage area covers 537 square miles in an east-west direction (USGS website). Aravaipa Creek is approximately 56 miles long running from its headwaters to its confluence with the San Pedro River (ADWR 1991). The confluence is approximately one-half mile downstream from the northwestern boundary of the Property. Aravaipa Creek has a perennial flow from its eastern end to approximately six miles above the confluence with the San Pedro River, a distance of approximately 22 miles (Ellingson 1980; ADWR 1991). The perennial flow is attributed to groundwater within the younger alluvium surfacing as a result of hard rock constrictions at the entrance to a deep canyon. As surface water exits the canyon, the stream channel widens, water velocity slows and deposits sediment. Large deposits of young alluvium fill the lower reaches of the valley conveying water down gradient as subflow into the Winkelman watershed, underlying the San Pedro River (ADWR 1991). The Property is located on this lower portion of the creek where surface flows are intermittent and only reach the San Pedro River during significant storm events (ADWR 1991). The Property lies within Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 15050203. USGS stream gage 09473000 is located on Aravaipa Creek about six miles upstream from the mouth of the creek. The monthly mean stream flow currently ranges from a low of 11.9 cubic feet per second (cfs) in June to 64.6 cfs in February. Annual mean stream flow is measured at a low of 9.33 cfs in 1976 and a high of 166 cfs in 1983 (USGS). Aravaipa Creek has had three major flood events in the last twenty-five years occurring in the winter of 1978-1979, in October of 1983 and in January of 1993. On December 18, 1978 there was a peak discharge of 16,200 cfs in Aravaipa Creek due to large amounts of precipitation that fell on the watershed. A one hundred year magnitude flood event occurred on October 1, 1983 with a peak discharge of 78,000 cfs. The abnormally large amount of precipitation that fell that year was due to a combination of monsoonal storms and remnants of hurricane Octave. The winter of 1992-1993 also produced a large amount of precipitation, resulting in a peak flow of 13,000 cfs on January 11, 1993. 2. GROUNDWATER Data available from ADWR (2004) identifies two major water-bearing units in the Aravaipa Canyon basin based on their ability to transmit and supply groundwater: (1) a water table aquifer in the streambed alluvium; and (2) the alluvial basin-fill sediments that fill the valley. The main source of water in the basin is the upper streambed aquifer (Neuman and Adar 1983 in ADWR 2004). The streambed aquifer is recharged primarily by streambed infiltration and mountain- front recharge (Neuman and Adar 1983 in ADWR 2004). Mountain-front recharge consists of surface runoff that flows off the bedrock in the mountains and infiltrates into the permeable basin-fill sediments on the alluvial fans surrounding the mountains, eventually reaching the water table. Upward leaking of the confined basin-fill aquifer is one other source of recharge to the streambed aquifer (ADWR 2004). Streambed infiltration directly occurs through the streambed alluvium of Aravaipa Creek and its ephemeral tributaries. It indirectly occurs from flood flows infiltrating through alluvial fans at the confluence of major mountain washes. An additional source of recharge to the streambed aquifer is water leaking upwards from the confined basin- fill aquifer (Neuman and Adar 1983 in ADWR 2004). Major factors that affect groundwater losses in the lower reaches of Aravaipa Creek include surface water diversions and groundwater pumping for agricultural use, phreatophyte evapotranspiration, seasonal reduction of available precipitation and drought. Groundwater monitoring wells in the vicinity have indicated falling groundwater levels in the streambed aquifer, some of which may be attributable to a regional drought cycle that began in 1996 (pers. comm., D. Laush, Bureau of Reclamation).

3. WATER QUALITY The quality of groundwater in the Aravaipa Canyon basin generally is suitable for most uses. The total dissolved solids concentrations in samples collected in 1981-1982 ranged from 64 to 496 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and averaged 232 mg/L (Neuman and Adar 1983 in ADWR 2004). The recommended secondary maximum contaminant level for total dissolved solids in drinking water is 500 milligrams per liter (ADWR 2004). Fluoride concentrations for the samples collected in 1981 through 1982 ranged from 0.2 mg/L to 5.7 mg/L (Neuman and Adar 1983 in ADWR 2004). Fluoride concentrations averaged about 0.7 mg/L . The maximum contaminant level for fluoride in drinking water has been set by the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality at 4.0 mg/L (ADWR 2004).

D. VEGETATION 1. GENERAL VEGETATION DESCRIPTIONS There are two general vegetation zones on the Property: (1) the stream channel and floodplain associated with Aravaipa Creek; and, (2) the area encompassing the agricultural fields and farmhouse. Zone 1: Aravaipa Creek Aravaipa Creek extends along the northern portion of the Property flowing in a westerly direction. The stream channel and adjacent floodplain support a riparian shrub community, a product of both past and present environmental influences. Flooding, livestock grazing, clearing of land for agricultural fields, water diversion and groundwater pumping all have had effects on the creek ecosystem over the past 100+ years. Remnants of the old diversion ditches can still be seen. Today the creek and its floodplain are vegetated by a depauperate vegetation community that is dominated by burro brush (Hymenoclea sp.) in the stream bottom and mesquite (Prosopis velutina) on the unfarmed terraces. At the time of purchase, the stream bottom had been open to livestock grazing for an unknown number of years. Indications of heavy browsing by livestock and other ungulates on vegetation in and along the stream channel are evident. Heavy browsing appears to have affected the general composition of the vegetation community as well as the growth of individual plants. Bordering the riparian shrub community is a young mesquite community that used to be cultivated fields until flooding washed out the fields and made them unusable. SRP believes that this riparian community can be enhanced, over time, by eliminating livestock grazing and groundwater pumping from the irrigation well. However, it will take a recruitment event – spring flood flows – through this reach of the creek, along with these changes in management, to begin the recovery of riparian vegetation on the Property. Existing vegetation communities in Zone 1 are described in more detail below. RIPARIAN SHRUB (RS) The riparian shrub community grows in the stream bottom on alluvial deposits composed of coarse sand, cobble and silt. Vegetation tends to grow in linear strands following overflow channels. The main channel is interspersed with cobble bars that are almost devoid of vegetation, except for annual forbs and grasses. A narrow band of denser vegetation defines the active channel. Here one finds a few true riparian species. The dominant riparian vegetation in the active creek channel is Burro brush (Hymenoclea monogyra) and Seep willow (Baccharis salicifolia) interspersed with an occasional Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and Goodding’s willow (Salix gooddingii). The negative impacts from ungulate browsing on these trees is extreme, resulting in stunted growth and death. Salt cedar (Tamarix ramosissima) is present, but uncommon. Succulents in the genus Opuntia can also be found along with a variety of annuals and grasses.

VELVET MESQUITE COMMUNITY (MQ) A young mesquite community (Prosopis velutina) can be found on the first terrace above the flood plain, south of the stream channel. Based on historical maps of cultivated lands (GRDM 1920), this area was under cultivation at one time. However, as recently as 1993, this portion of the Property had been scoured by flooding. It is not known when this area was taken out of production. However, the mesquites that currently exist here have not reached the stature of mature mesquite trees. Cattle grazing may have had an additional impact on this vegetation, although it is difficult to determine the degree of their effect. Groundcover is lacking here, consisting mainly of weedy annual grasses and forbs. Several seep willows are growing in areas that receive excess irrigation runoff from the adjacent agricultural fields. The possibility exists for these young trees to grow into a mature stand of mesquites in the future.

Zone 2: Agricultural Fields (AG) Most of the terrace lands that lie south of the stream channel are comprised of irrigated agricultural fields, which were planted with cotton, wheat and beans on a rotational basis until the Property was purchased by SRP. The last crop planted was cotton and it was harvested in January of 2003. Upon acquisition of the property, the agricultural fields were allowed to go fallow.

2. RARE PLANT COMMUNITIES There are no known rare plant communities on the Property at this time.

3. RARE PLANTS Eriogonum capillare (San Carlos Wild Buckwheat) Species of Concern, Arizona Game and Fish Dept. Heritage Data Management System (AGFD HDMS). Current presence on the Property is unknown.

4. INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES Of the many threats to our native plants and , the spread of invasive, non-native species is a great concern. Abandoned agricultural fields tend to proliferate weedy plant species. In this case, SRP intends to continue to irrigate these fields for a short period in order to establish native grasses. This irrigation will likely result in the propagation of some invasive and/or noxious plant species. The Management Plan will address control of these species. The following is a list of invasive, non-native species that are found on the Property, in the general vicinity of the Property, or that have a high likelihood of spreading to the Property.

STATE LISTED NOXIOUS WEEDS The Arizona Department of Agriculture (ADOA) is responsible for regulating noxious weeds in the state. The ADOA maintains a noxious weed list that categorizes invasive plants based on their presence or absence in Arizona, and on the ability of managers to regulate a particular plant once it is in the state. NOXIOUS WEEDS THAT OCCUR ON THE PROPERTY: Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) Mediterranean Grass (Schismus barbatus) Puncture vine (Tribulus terrestris)

NOXIOUS WEEDS THAT ARE LIKELY TO OCCUR ON THE PROPERTY: Based on information received from Dr. Francis E. Northam, Noxious Weed Program Coordinator, ADOA, the following noxious weeds are likely to be on or in the vicinity of the Property. Russian Knapweed (Acroptilon repens) Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) Sweet Resin bush (Euryops subcarnosus subsp. vulgaris) Dodder (Cuscuta indecora) Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrical) Camelthorn (Alhagi pseudalhagi) Scotch Thistle (Onopordum acanthium)

INVASIVE PLANTS OF CONCERN THAT OCCUR ON THE PROPERTY:

IN STREAMBED: Foxtail (Setaria sp.) Salt cedar (Tamarix ramossisima)

IN AGRICULTURAL FIELDS: Russian Thistle; Tumbleweed (Salsola kali) Prostrate Pigweed (Amaranthus blitoides) Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) Rescuegrass (Bromus catharticus) Nut Sedge (Cyperus rotundus or esculentus) Jungle Rice (Echinochloa colona) Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis)

LANDSCAPE PLANTS: Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

OTHER INVASIVE PLANTS OF CONCERN: Perennial Pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) Broom Rapes – (Orobankia sp.). Malta Starthistle (Centaurea melitensis) Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) Fountain Grass (Pennisetum setaceum) Sahara Mustard (Brassica tournefortii)

SALTCEDAR: Salt cedar is a needle-leaved deciduous tall shrub or short tree that was introduced from Eurasia at the end of the 18th century as an ornamental, and later for erosion control. It has become extensively naturalized in the western U.S., particularly since the 1920s, invading lowland river floodplains of the southern Rocky Mountains and the Southwest. A small number of salt cedar trees currently exist on the Property in Aravaipa Creek. Salt cedar is not well established and is not inhibiting the growth or establishment of other native riparian species. Typically, salt cedar is reported to have an ecological advantage over native cottonwood and willow trees because it seeds over a five-month period, as opposed to the much shorter spring seeding periods of cottonwood and willow trees. However, in a stream system with a relatively natural hydrologic regime, cottonwoods and willows appear to be able to maintain dominance and even increase in the face of salt cedar encroachment (Stromberg 1998). In this case, the natural stream flows in Aravaipa Creek are inhibited to some degree by a few upstream water diversions and to a greater degree by groundwater pumping from the alluvial aquifer. It is possible that salt cedar could become a problem on the Property in the future. To the extent this occurs, the management plan will address conditions under which salt cedar may be removed and methods to ensure that removal does not detrimentally impact flycatcher and cuckoo habitat.

E. WILDLIFE The San Pedro River bottomland supports or has the potential to support high quality riparian vegetation for a diverse array of wildlife species. These riparian lands serve as an important breeding habitat and migration corridor for a great number and variety of passerine and other birds. The San Pedro River riparian area, which is less than on-half mile from the Property, has been documented by the Tucson Audubon Society as exceptional habitat for breeding and migrating birds of conservation concern. This Preserve is established as mitigation habitat for the Southwestern willow flycatcher and yellow-billed cuckoo. Riparian habitat will be restored in Aravaipa Creek and enhanced in the San Pedro River corridor through cessation of groundwater pumping and through the transfer of those water rights to an instream flow right. The long-term protection of that habitat is a condition of the ITP (SRP 2002). 1. SOUTHWESTERN WILLOW FLYCATCHER The southwestern willow flycatcher is a riparian obligate species. The flycatcher was listed as endangered on February 27, 1995 (USFWS 1995a). Critical habitat was designated on July 22, 1997 (USFWS 1997a) and was corrected on August 20, 1997 (USFWS 1997b). On May 11, 2001, the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals set aside designated critical habitat. The USFWS decided to set aside all critical habitat designated for the flycatcher in addition to the area where the 10th Circuit Court has jurisdiction until it could re-assess the economic analysis. The U.S. District Court of released a memorandum opinion in September, 2003 that required FWS to redesignate critical habitat by 2004 (Center for Biological Diversity vs. FWS). The USFWS Region 2 Director signed a final recovery plan for the flycatcher on August 30, 2002 (USFWS 2002a). The flycatcher is also listed as a Forest Service Sensitive Species and as Wildlife of Special Concern by AGFD [in prep. (a)]. STATUS OF FLYCATCHERS ON THE PROPERTY To date, there have been no detections of flycatchers on the Property.

2. YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO The yellow-billed cuckoo is a neotropical migrant. Cuckoos are summer residents throughout the , southern Canada, and northern Mexico. The decline of the western yellow-billed cuckoo due to loss of riparian habitat has been reported consistently (Tate and Tate 1982; Finch 1992). On July 25, 2001, the USFWS found that there was a distinct western population segment and that there was substantial information to indicate that the listing petition action was warranted, but precluded by higher priority listing actions (USFWS 2001). At this time, this species has been added to the USFWS candidate list. The cuckoo is also listed as a Sensitive Species by the Forest Service and Wildlife of Special Concern by the AGFD [AGFD in prep. (a)]. STATUS OF CUCKOOS ON THE PROPERTY To date, there have been no detections of cuckoos on the Property.

3. CRITICAL HABITAT DESIGNATIONS LOACHMINNOW The loachminnow is a small, short-lived, stream-dwelling minnow that rarely exceeds 2.6 inches in length. This is a cryptic and solitary species that occupies turbulent, rocky riffles of mainstream rivers and tributaries. It prefers a gravel or cobble substrate, and sometimes is associated with dense, filamentous green algae. The loachminnow actively searches the bottom substrate and feeds mainly on riffle-dwelling larval . Spawning takes place in late winter to early spring in Aravaipa Creek. The main threat has been non-native, predatory fish, along with dewatering of streams, impoundments, and livestock grazing. Critical habitat was designated in 1994, and includes Aravaipa Creek. There are no loachminnow on the Property due to the intermittent nature of stream flows at this location. However, loachminnow may be present during surface flow events. SPIKEDACE The spikedace is a small, slender minnow that rarely exceeds 2.95 inches in length. It prefers moving water less than 3.3 ft deep in runs, pools, and swirling eddies. In larger streams it is found only at the mouths of creeks. Prey consists mainly of aquatic and terrestrial insects, although diet varies with the habitat type and the time of year. Threats include destruction and loss of habitat and competition with and by non-native fish. Critical habitat was designated in 1994, and includes Aravaipa Creek. There are no spikedace on the Property due to the intermittent nature of stream flows at this location. However, spikedace may be present during surface flow events.

4. THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES According to the AGFD Heritage Data Management System (HDMS), the following wildlife species have been documented within two miles of the Property. However, it is not an indication that they still occur within the area, especially for mobile animals. The documentation for the HDMS records includes visual observations, collections, and monitoring. For most birds, it is a breeding area, for mammals, it may be point observations and for plants, a collection. Longfin dace (Agosia chrysogaster) – Listed as a Species of Concern by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and a Sensitive Species by the Bureau of Land Management, Arizona Field Office. Northern gray hawk (Asturina nitida maxima) - Listed as a Species of Concern by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, a Sensitive Species by the U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management, Arizona Field Office, and a Wildlife Species of Concern by the AGFD. Common black hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus) – Listed as a Sensitive Species by the U.S. Forest Service and a Wildlife Species of Concern by the AGFD. Desert sucker (Catostomus clarki) – Listed as a Species of Concern by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and a Sensitive Species by the Bureau of Land Management, Arizona Field Office. Sonora sucker (Catostomus insignis) – Listed as a Species of Concern by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and a Sensitive Species by the Bureau of Land Management, Arizona Field Office. Western yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus occidentalis) – Listed as a Candidate Species under the Endangered Species Act (1973 as amended), a Sensitive Species by the U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management, Arizona Field Office, and a Wildlife Species of Concern by the AGFD. Southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax trailii extimus) – Listed as Endangered under the Endangered Species Act (1973 as amended), a Sensitive Species by the U.S. Forest Service and a Wildlife Species of Concern by the AGFD. Mississippi kite (Ictinia mississippiensis) – Listed as a Wildlife Species of Concern by the AGFD. California leaf-nosed (Macrotus californicus) – Listed as a Species of Concern by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, a Sensitive Species by the Bureau of Land Management and a Wildlife Species of Concern by the AGFD. Lowland leopard frog (Rana yavapaiensis) - Listed as a Species of Concern by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, a Sensitive Species by the U.S. Forest Service and a Wildlife Species of Concern by the AGFD. Thick-billed kingbird (Tyrannus crassirostris) – Listed as a Wildlife Species of Concern by the AGFD. Tropical kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus) – Listed as a Wildlife Species of Concern by the AGFD. 5. OTHER WILDLIFE Some of the wildlife species that have been identified as occurring or potentially occurring on the Property are listed in Appendix D.

F. CULTURAL RESOURCES On November 25, 2003, Rick Anduze, SRP Archaeologist conducted an archaeological reconnaissance of the Property. The fallow agricultural fields were inspected by walking widely spaced transects; coverage was about 50%. There was no vegetative ground cover on the fields; the areas around the farm house, the large walnut tree and on the terrace slope had about 50% ground cover. The channel of Aravaipa Creek was visited but not inspected because no ground disturbing activities are planned at present and it is highly unlikely that any extant historic resources are present in an active channel. Three structures were shown on General Land Office plats from 1878 and 1890; the Huffaker on the 1878 plat, and Putnam and Adobe structures on the 1890 plat. The Putnam structure (farm house) still exists but has been extensively remodeled. The Adobe structure was possibly at the location of a very large and old extant walnut tree. This is the location of a reported burial. Miscellaneous pieces from machinery are scattered around the tree and the remains of a swing are present. One prehistoric archaeological site was located. The site appears to be AZ BB:2:26 (ASM) based on AZSITE data. The site dates to approximately A.D. 1200-1400, and is associated with the Hohokam/Salado culture. Contact SRP’s Archaeologist for more information on this site.

1. PREHISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY The San Pedro River has been inhabited for at least 12,000 years. The earliest people were hunter/gatherers, hunting mammoths and harvesting local plants. Centuries later, these prehistoric settlers were irrigating crops along the river’s edge. However, their villages and fields were abandoned around 1400 A.D. (Tellman et al. 1997).

2. HISTORY The following information was compiled by Catherine May, SRP Senior Historical Analyst, and Richard Anduze, SRP Archaeologist. Around 1540, when Spaniards first arrived in Arizona, they found the ruins of the ancient tribes along the San Pedro. Father Eusebio F. Kino, S.J. traveled the full length of the river in 1697-98 and described Piman rancherias irrigating crops with river water. A large rancheria, Al waipa,(later assumed to be located at the confluence of the Aravaipa [Al waipa] Creek and the San Pedro) was noted in the Kino reports (Dobyns 1994). Later, in the mid-1700s through the 1870s, this rancheria was used by the Aravaipa Apaches for crops and livestock (Walker and Bufkin 1979). In 1859, James Leach recommended a site just north of the confluence of the San Pedro River and Aravaipa Creek for a camp to protect travelers passing through the area. Acting on the recommendation, Fort ‘Aravaypa’ was established in 1860 but almost immediately renamed Fort Breckenridge. With the advent of the Civil War, one infantry company left for Texas and when the remaining troops were called east, the fort was abandoned and burned to the ground. A year later, in 1862, California Volunteers reoccupied the old Fort Breckenridge site for a short period of time, giving it the name Fort Stanford. In 1865, a site very near the old Fort Breckenridge was occupied and named Fort Grant, in honor of General Ulysses S. Grant. Following a disastrous flood, which destroyed most of the compound buildings, the garrison moved back to the old Fort location. In 1866, the Fort was ordered abandoned but with peace negotiations between the U.S. and Apaches underway, the site was retained and became a camp instead of a fort. The Property is located in the southern portion of what was the 1865 Camp Grant Military Reservation. Within the military reservation, General Land Office maps showed the location of the camp parade grounds, a cemetery, a stage station and houses. In 1871, when ordered to close again, Indian Affairs prevented implementation of the order, which allowed area Apaches to camp nearby. It was during this time that the “Camp Grant Massacre” occurred, which left more than 100 victims, mostly Indian women, dead. The event drew national attention. The camp was closed in 1873. The Camp Grant Massacre was a significant event in Arizona’s history. More detailed descriptions of the circumstances leading up to the massacre of Aravaipa Apaches, and the subsequent repercussions can be found at the following websites: http://www.geocities.com/~zybt/dosela.htm http://www.azstarnet.com/public/comm_editorials/Peter_Vokac_334394.html http://homepages.tesco.net/~richard.alonzo/Quotes/campgm.htm http://www.geocities.com/~zybt/awars.htm Following the abandonment of the Old Camp Grant, settlers moved into the area formerly occupied by the military. By 1877-78, a steady stream of homesteaders, farmers and ranchers began to move into the area. Agricultural production in the lower San Pedro Basin supported the military or was shipped to market in Tucson. Cattle and sheep ranching grew during this period as a result of completion of the railroad and a drought in California. At the turn of the century, however, agricultural and livestock production declined in the area mostly due to drought and flooding. Overgrazing combined with significant periods of drought resulted in a dramatic reduction in livestock numbers by as much as 75% from the 1870s to the early 1900s. The first claim of water rights for the Property was filed in 1878. A Government Land Office (GLO) map portrays a small residence on the western portion of the Property. Water from Aravaipa Creek was used by transporting it along a ditch to the SE ¼ of Section 9. A second water claim was made in 1884 and six years later two structures appeared on the GLO map. A number of structures on or in the vicinity of the Property appeared on a 1911 United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographic map (Winkelman, AZ Quadrangle). Two other USGS maps dated 1949 and 1972, respectively, identify the residence that is currently located on the Property (Lookout Mountain, AZ Quadrangle). Mr. Bill Stambaugh farmed the Property for 40 years prior to SRP’s acquisition of the land. The Property was acquired in January 2003 from Mr. Stambaugh for purposes of habitat mitigation under the Roosevelt Habitat Conservation Plan.

G. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 1. RECREATION VALUES At present, there is no public recreation on the Property and public access is prohibited. 2. SCENIC VALUES The Property is located at the mouth of Aravaipa Creek. Scenic features include the San Pedro River corridor and riparian area and the adjacent . 3. LOCAL PLANNING DESIGNATIONS The Property and surrounding lands are zoned General Rural. 4. STATE BYWAY/SPECIAL DESIGNATIONS The Property and adjacent roadways are not included as any Arizona Scenic or Historic Byway.

H. LAND USE AND MANAGEMENT 1. HISTORICAL LAND USE AND MANAGEMENT Historically, the property served as a military camp supporting troops, agricultural fields, corrals, parade grounds, and grazing pastures. Irrigated agriculture and grazing were the two primary uses of this property since abandonment of the military camp in the 1870s. The terrace lands were planted with cotton, wheat and beans on a rotational basis and irrigated with water that was first diverted from the creek, then pumped from the alluvial aquifer. At least until the 1970s, water was diverted from Aravaipa Creek by gravity flow into a diversion canal utilizing an earthen dam located in the SW, SW Section 5, Township 7S, Range 17E. A secondary diversion point from Aravaipa Creek was located in SE, NE Section 11, Township 7S, Range 16E but was removed at the behest of the San Carlos Apache Tribe (pers. comm. Bill Stambaugh, previous owner). The existing irrigation well is believed to have been drilled in the 1940s (ADWR Well Registry Report – Wells55). The stream bottom has been used as open range for livestock grazing for an unknown number of years.

2. CURRENT LAND USE AND MANAGEMENT Currently, the Property consists of agricultural land and stream channel. There is also a residence and two outbuildings on the site. Trespass livestock grazing has been occurring and will continue to be a problem until construction of river bottom fencing is completed and secured. (See Management Plan for details on current and proposed property management.) The irrigation well will be capped and abandoned so that groundwater levels in the alluvial aquifer can recover. Water rights will be severed and transferred to instream flows for purposes of supporting wildlife and riparian habitat. The river bottom will be fenced to eliminate livestock grazing on the Property. Irrigated fields will be seeded with native grasses and forbs. Fields will be actively managed for several years to minimize the propagation and spread of noxious and invasive weeds. A combination of mowing and limited herbicide spraying (likely Clarity and Gallery) will be used to control weeds in the agricultural fields. The farmhouse will be repaired and used as an office for the Preserve Manager. The well house will be maintained and the steel building will be used to store equipment and tools for use on SRP’s mitigation properties. 3. CURRENT NATURAL FEATURES Currently, the vegetation within the river channel is recovering from years of open livestock grazing and groundwater pumping. The agricultural fields are being reverted to native vegetation. 4. ADJACENT LAND USES Almost all the land surrounding the Property is privately owned. Exceptions are a small portion of vacant federal land that abuts the southeastern corner, managed by the Bureau of Land Management, and an easement associated with State Route 77, which lies adjacent to the southwestern corner of the Property. Privately owned land located to the north and west of the Property contains rural residences, livestock corrals, and a horse riding facility. To the northwest of the Property, adjacent to a single family-residence, is a waste pile containing miscellaneous scrap metal, wood, vegetative cuttings and food containers. ASARCO, a mining company, owns the agricultural fields and stream bottom to the east, along with a portion of the lands lying to the south of the property. In fact, a portion of the southern agricultural field is actually owned by ASARCO. ASARCO also owns the water rights associated with their lands. They lease the agricultural fields to Mr. Bill Stambaugh, who grows cotton and wheat in these fields on a rotational basis. A number of single-family residences, farm structures, equipment and aboveground fuel storage tanks (AST’s) exist on other privately owned land to the south. Although mining activities never occurred on this property, areas to the north and south of the property have long histories of both surface and underground mining operations. Current large-scale mining operations occur downstream at ASARCO’s Hayden and Ray mines. BHP’s mining operations approximately 10 miles upstream at Mammoth are in the process of being shut down and sold.

I. PROPERTY IMPROVEMENTS AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS 1. PARCELS The subject Property is located off State Highway 77, approximately six miles south of Dudleyville, Arizona. The Property is located within portions of Sections 9 and 10, Township 7 South, Range 16 East, of the Gila and Salt River Base Meridian, Pinal County, Arizona. The Property is located approximately 90 miles southeast of Phoenix, Arizona. The street address is 80444 East Pelayo. 2. STRUCTURES Currently, there is a small, single-story residence and two outbuildings located on the central portion of the property. The residence is approximately 1,200 square feet and reportedly has a 1,500- gallon septic tank and cesspool. It is reported that the septic tank is located to the west of the residence and the cesspool is located to the northwest.

One of the structures is a steel storage building, roughly 24’ x 40’ in size, constructed on a block stem wall with two roll-up doors. The building was constructed in May 2004 to house maintenance equipment for this and other mitigation properties managed by SRP. It is located to the east of the residence. The second outbuilding is a wooden shed, which houses the domestic well. It has a concrete slab floor and a metal roof. This shed is also located to the east of the residence and is generally in good condition.

3. INFRASTRUCTURE ADWR maintains a database of registered groundwater wells throughout the State of Arizona. Research of the ADWR database revealed the following wells for this Property: 55-896327 Irrigation and stock watering well, non-exempt, registered late (September 30, 2002) SW ¼ of NE ¼ of NW ¼ of Section 10, Township 7 S, Range 16 E. Depth of 115 feet. 55-604226 Old hand dug well, exempt, SW ¼ of NW ¼ of SE ¼ of Section 10 Township 7 S, Range 16 E. Estimated depth of 30 feet. This well has been cancelled with ADWR. 55-507337 Domestic well, exempt, SW ¼ of NW ¼ of SE ¼ of Section 10, Township 7 S, Range 16 E. Estimated depth of 80 feet. The irrigation and stock watering well was drilled to a depth of 115 feet and fitted with 16 inch steel perforated or slotted casing. Well capacity is 2500 gallons per minute (gpm). The previous owner believes the well was drilled in 1940. Depth to water in this well is approximately 15 feet, according to the ADWR Late Registration filing dated September 2002. Water from this well feeds into a system of concrete-lined irrigation ditches to water the agricultural fields. Tail water ditches that capture irrigation run-off are unlined. The domestic well supplies water to the farmhouse. Well depth is 50 feet with a casing diameter of 36 inches. Pump capacity is 5 gpm. In 1979, the previous owner stated on the well registration form that depth to water was at 15 feet. The hand dug well is no longer in use and will be formally abandoned with ADWR. Portions of the northern and western edges of the agricultural fields are fenced with barbed wire. This fence lies within the Property boundary. There is also a 3-foot high chain link fence surrounding the farmhouse.

4. WATER RIGHTS The Property lies outside the boundaries of the Tucson Active Management Area, a geographic area where the State of Arizona has regulatory control over groundwater pumping. SRP’s Water Rights and Claims Division identified the earliest priority date for this parcel as December 28, 1865, the date of establishment of the military reservation known as Camp Grant. The cultivation of crops on 101.20 acres in support of the military

reservation gave rise to a federal right to the use of water from Aravaipa Creek. This federal reserved right was transferred by operation of law to the successors-in-interest to the United States when those successors subsequently acquired title to the land previously cultivated as part of Camp Grant. SRP claims an additional 6.6 acres of irrigated land as of January 1, 1969 based on beneficial use of water as evidenced by an aerial photo, which is possessed by ADWR. (See the Statement of Claim of Right to Use Public Waters of the State of Arizona, prepared by SRP for ADWR, May 14, 2004.) SRP claims an annual irrigation and stock water right of 1,692.5 acre-feet for use during the period from January 1 to December 31. SRP intends to sever and transfer the claimed right to irrigation and stock water uses for purposes of augmenting the flow of Aravaipa Creek and maintaining a riparian community. Domestic use of water pumped from an exempt well will remain located in the SW1/4, NE1/4, NW1/4 of Section 4, T7S, R16E.

5. ROADWAYS AND TRAILS State Route 77, a two-lane paved highway, borders the southwestern edge of the property. The Property is accessible from an unpaved roadway, identified as East Pelayo, off State Route 77. The entrance to the Property is off East Pelayo by way of an unpaved driveway. The driveway leads to the house and out buildings, then turns north and runs along the perimeter of the cultivated fields separating them from the riparian land.

6. MINERAL RIGHTS Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District will relinquish its right to mine sand and gravel from the river bottom. Subsurface mining rights do not transfer with the Property.

7. EASEMENTS AND RIGHT-OF-WAY INFORMATION San Carlos Irrigation Project retains an easement for electric power lines generally described as being in Section 10 and best defined by the existing pole lines shown on the survey. Book 54 of Deeds, page 586. An easement is retained by the State of Arizona for public highway and rights incident thereto associated with State Highway 77 in the southwest corner of the Property. Docket 80, page 30 and Docket 73, page 434. Easement for telephone and telegraph lines and rights incident thereto, described generally in Docket 287, page 78, and best defined by existing lines shown on the survey.

8. MUNICIPAL/COUNTY REGULATIONS The Property is zoned General Rural by the Pinal County Planning and Development Commission.

9. GOVERNMENT POLICIES IN SUPPORT OF THE PRESERVATION OF THE PROPERTY Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531-1544) ARS 33-271, Arizona Conservation Easement law REFERENCES

Arizona Bureau of Mines. 1969. Mineral and Water Resources of Arizona, Bulletin 180, Phoenix, AZ. Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR). 1990. Preliminary Hydrographic Survey Report for the San Pedro River Watershed: Volume I. General Assessment, 548 pp. Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR). 1991. Hydrographic Survey Report for the San Pedro River Watershed, Volume I: General Assessment. In Re. The General Adjudication of the Gila River System and Source. Filed with the Court November 20, 1991. Phoenix, AZ: 214 pp. Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR). 1993. Arizona Water Resources Assessment, Volumes I and II. Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR). 1994. Arizona Riparian Protection Program Legislative Report: 459. Arizona Department of Water Resources. 2004. Assessment of Areas Outside Active Management Areas: Southeastern Arizona Planning Area, Aravaipa Canyon Basin. On-line document at http://www.water.az.gov/adwr/Content/WaterInfo/OutsideAMAs/SoutheasternArizona/Basin s/aravaipacanyon.html. Accessed April 2004. Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD), Heritage Data Management System (HDMS). 2003. Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). In prep. Wildlife of special concern in Arizona. Species are currently the same as those in Threatened Native Wildlife in Arizona (AGFD 1988). Phoenix, AZ. Arizona Geological Survey. 2003. Website address http://www.azgs.state.az.us/. Accessed September 2003. Arizona Sonoran Desert Museum. 2004. Arizona Sonoran Desert Museum Press Books. Online document at http://www.desertmuseum.org/books/. Accessed June 2004. Arizona State University. 2003. Website address http://geology.asu.edu/%7Ereynolds /azgeomap/. Accessed March 2003. Brown, D. E. (ed.) 1994. Biotic Communities: Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, UT: 342. Dobyns, H. F. 1994. The San Pedro River: Records of Conditions and Changes. Ellington, C.T. 1980. Hydrology of Aravaipa Creek, Southern Arizona: Master’s Thesis, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. Finch, D.M. 1992. Threatened, endangered, and vulnerable species of terrestrial vertebrates in the Rocky Mountain Region. USDA Forest Service Gen Tech. Rep. RM-215. Rocky Mt. Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. Graf, W. L. 1988. Fluvial Processes in Dryland Rivers: New York, Springer-Verlag, 346 p. Heindl, L.A. 1952. Lower San Pedro Basin, in Groundwater in the Gila River Basin and Adjacent Areas, Arizona -A Summary, by L. C. Halpenny and others. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report (unnumbered). Hereford, R. and J. L. Betancourt. 1993. Historical geomorphology of the San Pedro River: Archival and physical evidence. Haynes, C.V. and Huckell, B.M. eds., Murray Springs and Clovis Hunters of the San Pedro Valley. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ. Jones, S.C. 1980. Maps Showing Groundwater Conditions in the Lower San Pedro Basin Area, Pinal, Cochise, Pima and Graham Counties, Arizona, 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resource Investigations Open-File Report 80-954, scale 1:250,000. Kays, R.W. and D.E. Wilson. 2002. Princeton Field Guides: Mammals of . Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ: 240. Leopold, L.B. and Bull W.B. 1979. Base level, aggradation and grade: Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 123, p. 168-202. Leopold, L.B. 1951. Vegetation of the southwest watersheds in the nineteenth century: Geographical Review, vol. 41`, p. 295-316. Mackin, J.H. 1948. Concept of a graded river: Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol 59, p. 463-512. Muldavin, Esteban, P. Durkin, M. Bradley, M. Stuever and P. Mehlhop. 2000. Handbook of Wetland Vegetation Communities of New Mexico, Volume I: Classification and Community Descriptions. New Mexico Natural Heritage Program, Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM: 172. Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS). 2002. Tucson Soil Survey Advance Copy. Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Official Soil Series Descriptions [Online WWW]. Available URL: "http://soils.usda.gov/soils/technical/classification/osd/index.html" [Accessed 10 February 2004]. National Geographic. 2001. National Geographic: Field Guide to the Birds of North America 3rd Edition. National Geographic, Washington D.C.: 464. National Wildlife Federation. 2003. eNature Online Field Guides. Online document at http://enature.com/. Accessed June 2004. Nations, J. Dale and E. Stump 1981. Geology of Arizona. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., Portland, OR: 272. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. 2002. Version 1.6 . Arlington, Virginia, USA: NatureServe. http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. Accessed: March 20, 2003. Neuman, S.P. and U. Adar. 1983. Estimation of recharge in a small southern Arizona basin by means of hydrological, hydrochemical, and environmental isotope data: University of Arizona, Tucson, a report for the Office of Water Research and Technology, U.S. Department of Interior, Project Number A-099-Ariz: 134 p. Page, H.E. 1963. Water regimen of the inner valley of the San Pedro River near Mammoth, Arizona – a pilot study: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1669-I: 22. Pinal County website: www/co.pinal.az.us. Pinal County, Office of Planning and Development website: www.co.pinal.az.us/PlanDev/. Pinal County. 2001. Pinal County Comprehensive Plan, adopted by the Pinal County Board of Supervisors December 19, 2001, Case No. PZ-C-003-01. Amended 9/25/02, Case No. PZ-C- 002-02. Richards, K. 1982. Rivers, Form and Process in Alluvial Channels: London, Methuen and Co., Ltd. 358 pp. Ritter, D.F. 1986. Process Geomorphology, 2nd Edition: Dubuque, IA, William C. Brown Publishers, 579 pp. Robertson, Chris C. 2003. Phase I Environmental Site Assessment: 137-Acre Skeen Property, Portions of Sections 8 and 9, T10S, R18E (G&SRBM), South of San Manuel, Pinal County, Arizona, prepared for Salt River Project: 32. Smith,A.B., A.A. Woodward, P.E.T. Dockens, J.S. Martin, and T.D. McCarthey. 2003. Southwestern willow flycatcher 2002 survey and nest monitoring report. Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program Tech. Rep. 210. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ. Salt River Project. 2002. Roosevelt Habitat Conservation Plan, Gila and Maricopa Counties, Arizona. Published as Volume II of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Roosevelt Habitat Conservation Plan. Stromberg, J. 1997. Growth and survivorship of Fremont cottonwood, Goodding’s willow, and saltcedar seedlings after large floods in central Arizona. Great Basin Naturalist 57:198-208. Stromberg, J. 1998. Dynamics of Fremont cottownood (Populus fremontii) and saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis) populations along the San Pedro River, Arizona. Journal of Arid Environments 40(2):133-155. Tate, J., Jr. and D.J. Tate. 1982. The Blue List for 1982. Pg. 26 in Finch, D.M. Threatened, endangered, and vulnerable species of terrestrial vertebrates in the Rocky Mountain Region. Gen Tech Rep. RM-215. USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO. Tellman, B., R. Yarde and M. Wallace. 1997. Arizona’s Changing Rivers: How People Have Affected the Rivers, Water Resources Research Center, College of Agriculture, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). 1995a. Final rule determining endangered status for the southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus). Feb. 27, 1995. FR 60:10694. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1997a. Final determination of critical habitat for the southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus). FR 62(140):39129. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1997b. Final determination of critical habitat for the southwestern willow flycatcher: Correction. FR 62(161):44228. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2001. Twelve-month finding for a Petition to List the Yellow- billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus). FR 66(143):38611-38626. July 25, 2001. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002a. Southwestern willow flycatcher recovery plan. Albuquerque, NM. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002b. Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Roosevelt Habitat Conservation Plan, Gila and Maricopa Counties: Volumes I and II. U. S. Geological Survey. 2003. Website address at http://water.usgs.gov. Accessed March 2004. Walker, Henry P. and D. Bufkin. 1979. Historical Atlas of Arizona. University of Oklahoma Press. Western Regional Climate Center. 2003. Website address at http://wrcc.sage.dri.edu/. Accessed September 2003. Wolman, M.G. and Gerson, R. 1978. Relative scales of time and effectiveness of climate in watershed geomorphology: Earth Surface Processes, vol. 3, P. 189-208. Wood, Michelle L. 1997. Historical Channel Changes Along the Lower San Pedro River, Southeastern Arizona. Arizona Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-21, Tucson Arizona: 44.

APPENDIX A

PERMANENT PHOTO POINT LOCATION DESCRIPTIONS AND DOCUMENTATION

Photo Point No. 1 Location description: Situated due north of irrigation ditch that runs north/south, above rock pile overlooking Aravaipa Creek. UTMs taken using Garmin V GPS unit:

NAD27CONUS 12S 0528350 3633364

Initial Photo Info: Photographer – Ruth Valencia Date – 6/17/04 Time – 1:30 pm Camera – Nikon Coolpix 3500 Digital Landscape setting, 37 mm Weather conditions: Clear, hot, sunny and dry with a slight breeze

View 1 Bearing: 0 Camera height: Place camera at height of 5 feet while standing over stake marking photo point overlooking Aravaipa Creek. Camera setting: Landscape setting, 37mm Subject: Looking out across Aravaipa Creek Channel to the north. View 2 Bearing: 320 Camera height: Place camera at height of 5 feet while standing over stake marking photo point overlooking Aravaipa Creek. Camera setting: Landscape setting, 37 mm Subject: Looking out across Aravaipa Creek Channel to the northwest.

Photo Point No. 2 Location description: Situated on east side of irrigation ditch that runs north/south from fence line toward Aravaipa Creek. UTMs taken using Garmin V GPS unit:

NAD27CONUS 12S 0528353 3633326

Initial Photo Info: Photographer – Ruth Valencia Date – 6/17/04 Time – 1:35 pm Camera – Nikon Coolpix 3500 Digital Landscape setting, 37 mm Weather conditions: Clear, hot, dry and sunny with a slight breeze.

A-1

View 1 Bearing: 280 Camera height: Place camera at height of 5 feet, while standing over stake with toes on edge of irrigation ditch. Camera setting: Landscape setting, 37mm Subject: Looks out at mesquite trees on northwest side of irrigation ditch. View 2 Bearing: 240 Camera height: Place camera at height of 5 feet, while standing over stake with toes on edge of irrigation ditch. Camera setting: Landscape setting, 37 mm Subject: Looks out at mesquite trees on southwest side of irrigation ditch.

Photo Point No. 3 Location description: Located at western edge of cement platform base of irrigation well pump, which is on western side of irrigation ditch running north/south. UTMs taken using Garmin V GPS unit:

NAD27CONUS 12S 0528348 3633266

Initial Photo Info: Photographer – Ruth Valencia Date –6/17/04 Time – 1:45 pm Camera – Nikon Coolpix 3500 Digital Landscape setting Weather conditions: Clear, sunny, hot and dry with a slight breeze.

View 1 Bearing: 200 Camera height: Place camera at height of 5 feet, while standing over stake with heels at base of irrigation well platform. Camera setting: Landscape setting, 37mm Subject: Looking southwest at planted fields next to dirt road and parallel to Aravaipa Creek Channel. View 2 Bearing: 180 Camera height: Place camera at height of 5 feet, while standing over stake with heels at base of irrigation well platform. Camera setting: Landscape setting, 37 mm Subject: Looking south at planted field in the direction of the steel building and farmhouse.

A-2

View 3 Bearing: 140 Camera height: Place camera at height of 5 feet, while standing over stake with heels at base of irrigation well platform. Camera setting: Landscape setting, 37 mm Subject: Looking south-southeast at planted fields along irrigation ditch that runs north/south.

Photo Point No. 4 Location description: Situated along southern edge of irrigation ditch running east/west, on western side of ditch running north/south and out of the way of the tree trunk. UTMs taken using Garmin V GPS unit:

NAD27CONUS 12S 0527962 3633213 Initial Photo Info: Photographer – Ruth Valencia Date –6/17/04 Time – 1:55 pm Camera – Nikon Coolpix 3500 Digital Landscape setting Weather conditions: Sunny, hot, dry, clear and slightly windy.

View 1 Bearing: 250 Camera height: Place camera at height of 5 feet, while standing next to the stake on the south side of the ditch. Camera setting: Landscape setting, 37mm Subject: Looking west across field located to the north of the house. Irrigation ditch runs east/west, and ditch behind point runs north/south. View 2 Bearing: 210 Camera height: Place camera at height of 5 feet, while standing next to the stake on the south side of the ditch. Camera setting: Landscape setting, 37 mm Subject: Looks southwest toward house across field located to the north of house. Irrigation ditch runs east/west, and ditch behind point runs north/south.

Photo Point No. 5 Location description: Situated on west side of access road running north/south, on left side of telephone pole and on east side of irrigation ditch. UTMs taken using Garmin V GPS unit:

NAD27CONUS 12S 0527958 3632963

A-3

Initial Photo Info: Photographer – Ruth Valencia Date –6/17/04 Time – 2:10 pm Camera – Nikon Coolpix 3500 Digital Landscape setting Weather conditions: Breezy, clear, hot, dry and sunny.

View 1 Bearing: 260 Camera height: Place camera at height of 5 feet, while standing on north side of stake and telephone pole. Camera setting: Landscape setting, 37mm Subject: Looking west across planted field along row of pecan trees on the right. View 2 Bearing: 225 Camera height: Place camera at height of 5 feet, while standing on north side of stake and telephone pole. Camera setting: Landscape setting, 37mm Subject: Looking southwest across planted field toward telephone pole located in middle of fields. View 3 Bearing: 125 Camera height: Place camera at height of 5 feet, while standing on north side of stake and telephone pole. Camera setting: Landscape setting, 37mm Subject: Looking at the east fields, towards the old walnut tree located in the middle of the field.

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APPENDIX B

SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

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APPENDIX C

PLANT SPECIES

PLANTS IN ARAVAIPA CREEK Acacia greggii White Thorn Acacia Ambrosia deltoidea Triangle Bursage Amsinckia intermedia Fiddleneck Baccharis salicifolia Seep Willow Baileya multiradiata Desert Marigold Chamaesyce prostrate Groundfig Spurge Chilopsis linearis Desert Willow Datura meteloides Sacred Datura Hymenoclea monogyra Burro Brush Larrea tridentata Creosote Bush Lepidium campestre Field Pepper Weed Lupinus sp. Lupine Lycium sp. Wolfberry Lygodesmia juncea Skeleton Weed Opuntia acanthocarpa Buckhorn Cholla Opuntia bigelovii Teddy Bear Cholla Opuntia engelmannii Engelmann's Prickly Pear Opuntia phaeacantha Brown Spined Prickly Pear Polanisia dodecandra Roughseed Clammyweed Populus fremontii Fremont Cottonwood Prosopis velutina Velvet Mesquite Sambucus mexicana Mexican Elderberry Schismus barbatus Mediterranean Grass Setaria sp. Foxtail Tamarix ramosissima Saltcedar; Tamarisk

PLANTS IN AGRICULTURAL FIELDS Amaranthus blitoides Prostrate Pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus Redroot Pigweed Bromus catharticus Rescuegrass Celtis reticulata Netleaf Hackberry Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed Cyperus rotundus or esculentus Nut Sedge Echinochloa colona Jungle Rice Encelia frutescens Rayless Encelia Hordeum leporinum Hare Barley Juglans major Arizona Walnut Malva neglecta Common Mallow Salsola kali Russian thistle C-1

PLANT IN AGRICULTURAL FIELDS (cont’d.)

Setaria viridis Green Foxtail Tribulus terrestris Puncturevine

LANDSCAPE PLANTS AROUND HOUSE Acer negundo Box Elder Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-Heaven Carya illinoinensis Pecan Fraxinus velutina Arizona Ash; Velvet Ash Juglans major Arizona Walnut Melia azedarach Chinaberry Pinus sp. Landscape Pine Vitis sp. Grape Vines

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APPENDIX D

WILDLIFE SPECIES

Some of the wildlife species identified as potentially occurring or documented on the Property are listed below. References used to compile this list include: Brown (1994), National Geographic (2001), Kays and Wilson (2002), National Wildlife Federation (2003) and Arizona- Sonora Desert Museum (2004). Species that have been directly observed on the property are marked with an asterisk (*).

Mammals: Ammospermophilus harrisii* Harris's Antelope Squirrel Antrozous pallidus Pallid Bat Bassariscus astutus Ringtail Canis latrans* Chaetodipus penicillatus Desert Pocket Mouse Corynorhinus townsendii Townsend's Big-eared Bat Dipodomys merriami Merriam’s Kangaroo Rat Dipodomys ordii Ord's Kangaroo Rat Eptesicus fuscus Big Brown Bat Euderma maculatum Spotted Bat Idionycteris phyllotis Allen's Big-eared Bat Lasionycteris noctivaganus Silver-haired Bat Lasiurus blossevillii Western Red Bat Lasiurus cinereus Hoary Bat Lasiurus xanthinus Western Yellow Bat Lepus alleni Antelope Jackrabbit Lepus californicus Black-tailed Jackrabbit Lynx rufus Bobcat Macrotus californicus California Leaf-nosed Bat Mephitis mephitis Striped Skunk Mus musculus House Mouse Myotis californicus California Myotis Bat Myotis evotis Long-eared Myotis Myotis lucifugus Little Brown Bat Myotis thysanodes Fringed Myotis Myotis yumanensis Yuma Myotis Bat Neotoma albigula White-throated Woodrat Notiosorex crawfordi Desert Shrew Onychomys torridus Southern Mouse Pecari tajacu* Collared Peccary (Javelina) Perognathus amplus Arizona Pocket Mouse Perognathus flavus Silky Pocket Mouse

D-1 Mammals (cont’d.) Peromyscus leucopus White-footed Deermouse Peromyscus maniculatus North American Deermouse Pipistrellus hesperus Western Pipistrelle Bat Reithrodontomys megalotis Western Harvest Mouse Sigmodon arizonae Arizona Cotton Rat Sigmodon hispidus Hispid Cotton Rat Spermophilus spilosoma Spotted Ground Squirrel Spermophilus tereticaudus* Round-tailed Ground Squirrel Spermophilus variegates Rock Squirrel Spilogale gracilis Western Spotted Skunk Sylvilagus audubonii* Desert Cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus Eastern Cottontail Thomomys bottae Botta’s Pocket Gopher Urocyon cinereoargenteus Gray Fox

Reptiles and Amphibians: Bufo alvarius Sonoran Desert Toad Bufo punctatus Red-spotted Toad Bufo retiformis Sonoran Green Toad Callisaurus draconoide Zebra-tailed Lizard Cnemidophorus spp. Whiptail Lizards Coleonyx variegatus Western Banded Gecko Crotalus atrox Western Diamondback Rattlesnake Crotalus scutulatus Mojave Rattlesnake Crotaphytus collaris Common Collared Lizard Heloderma suspectum Gila Monster Holbrookia maculata Lesser Earless Lizard Lampropeltis getula Common King Snake Leptotyphlops humilis Western Blind Snake Masticophis flagellum Coachwhip Micruroides euryxanthus Arizona Coral Snake Phrynosoma spp. Horned Lizards Pituophis catenifer Gopher Snake Rhinocheilus lecontei Longnose Snake Scaphiopus couchi Couch’s spadefoot Sceloporus clarkii Clark Spiny Lizard Sceloporus magister Desert Spiny Lizard Sonora semiannulata Ground Snake Tantilla hobartsmithi Southwestern Black-headed Snake Thamnophis spp. Garter Snake Urosaurus ornatus Tree Lizard Uta stansburiana Common Side-blotched Lizard

D-2

Birds: Accipiter cooperii Cooper's Hawk Amphispiza bilineata Black-throated Sparrow Archilochus alexandri Blackchinned Hummingbird Asturina nitida maxima Northern Gray Hawk Auriparus flaviceps Verdin Bubo virginianus Great Horned Owl Buteo jamaicensis* Red-tailed Hawk Buteo regalis Ferruginous Hawk Buteo swainsoni Swainson's Hawk Callipepla gambelii Gambel’s Quail Calypte anna Anna's Hummingbird Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus Cactus Wren Cardinalis cardinalis* Northern Cardinal Cardinalis sinuatus Pyrrhuloxia Carduelis psaltria* Lesser Goldfinch Carpodacus erythrinus* House Finch Cathartes aura* Turkey Vulture Chondestes grammacus Lark Sparrow Chordeiles acutipennis Lesser Nighthawk Circus cyaneus Northern Harrier Colaptes auratus Northern Flicker Columbina inca* Inca Dove Columbina passerina* Common Ground Dove Contopus sordidulus Western Wood-Pewee Corvus corax* Common Raven Elanus leucurus White-tailed Kite Eremophila alpestris Horned Lark Falco columbarius Merlin (winter) Falco mexicanus Prairie Falcon Falco sparverius* American Kestrel Geococcyx californianus Greater Roadrunner Geothlypis trichas Common Yellowthroat Guiraca caerulea Blue Grosbeak Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Icteria virens Yellow-breasted Chat Icterus cucullatus Hooded Oriole Ictinia mississippiensis Mississippi Kite Melanerpes uropygialis* Gila Woodpecker Micrathene whitneyi Elf Owl Mimus polyglottos* Northern Mockingbird Molothrus aeneus Bronzed Cowbird Molothrus ater Brown-headed Cowbird D-3 Birds (cont’d.) Myiarchus cinerascens Ash-throated Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus Brown-crested Flycatcher Otus kennicottii Western Screech-Owl Parabuteo unicinctus Harris’s Hawk Passer domesticus* House Sparrow Passerina versicolor Varied Bunting Phainopepla nitens Phainopepla Phalaenoptilus nuttallii Common Poorwill Picoides scalaris Ladder-backed Woodpecker Pipilo aberti Abert's Towhee Pipilo fuscus Canyon Towhee Polioptila melanura Black-tailed Gnatcatcher Pooecetes gramineus Vesper Sparrow Pyrocephalus rubinus* Vermilion Flycatcher Quiscalus mexicanus Great-tailed Grackle Salpictes obsoletus Rock Wren Sayornis saya* Say’s Phoebe Spizella breweri Brewer's Sparrow Spizella passerina Chipping Sparrow Stelgidopteryx serripennis Northern Rough-winged Swallow Sturnus vulgaris European Starling Thryomanes bewickii Bewick's Wren Toxostoma curvirostre* Curve-billed Thrasher Tyrannus crassirostris Thick-billed Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus verticalis* Western Kingbird Tyrannus vociferans Cassin's Kingbird Tyto alba Barn Owl Vireo bellii Bell's Vireo Zenaida asiatica* White-winged Dove Zenaida macroura* Mourning Dove

Insects: Acheta domestica* House Acromyrmex versicolor* Desert Leafcutter Ant Anabrus simplex* Mormon Cricket Aphonopelma chalcodes Desert Tarantula Arphia conspersa Speckled Rangeland Grasshopper Calilena restricta* Funnel Web Centruroides exilicauda* Bark Centruroides exilicauda Stripe Tailed Scorpion Dasymutilla gloriosa* Thistledown Velvet Ant

D-4 Insects (cont’d.) Eremobates spp. Sun Spider Hadrurus arizonensis Giant Hairy Scorpion carolinensis Latrodectus hesperus Western Black Widow minor Ground Mastigoproctus giganteus Giant Vinegaroon Monomorium minimum Little Black Ant Olios giganteus Giant Crab Spider Orthoperus orna Desert Millipede Orthoporus ornatus Millipede Paraphrynus spp. Tailless Whipscorpion Pepsis spp. Tarantula Hawks heros Giant Desert Scolopendra polymorpha Common Desert Centipede Stenopelmatus fuscus Jerusalem Cricket Ants Beetles Butterflies

D-5

APPENDIX E

REPORT PREPARERS

This report was prepared by Ruth A.Valencia, Senior Environmental Scientist, SRP, with assistance from the following people:

Lesly Swanson Biologist, The Atlantic Group on contract to SRP Lynn Bredimus GIS Specialist, SRP Jeff Baker GIS Specialist, SRP Catherine May Senior Historical Analyst, SRP John Felty Senior Land Management Agent, SRP Rick Anduze Archaeologist, SRP Mark Murosky Preserve Manager, The Atlantic Group on contract to SRP

E-1