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De Telefoon Van Reis
De Telefoon van Reis 05-01-2016 Ontwerpopdracht profielwerkstuk van: Thomas Aleva & Nwankwo Hogervorst Inhoudsopgave Inleiding ........................................................................................................................... 3 Onderzoeksvraag ............................................................................................................................. 3 Johann Philipp Reis........................................................................................................................... 3 Globale werking van de telefoon van Reis ....................................................................................... 3 Globale werking van de telefoon van Bell ....................................................................................... 4 Het ontwerp ..................................................................................................................... 4 Ontwerpcyclus ................................................................................................................................. 5 Programma van eisen: ..................................................................................................................... 5 Deeloplossingen ............................................................................................................................... 6 Ontwerpvoorstel .............................................................................................................................. 6 Benodigdheden ............................................................................................................................... -
Telephone Talking to Your Neighbor Hasn’T Always Been As Easy As Picking up the Receiver
INVENTIONS The Telephone Talking to your neighbor hasn’t always been as easy as picking up the receiver BY CATHERINE V.O. HOFFBERGER “Mr. Watson, come in here. I need you!” These historic words are as recognizable as Martin Luther King Jr.’s inspiring “I Have a Dream” and John F. Kennedy’s philosophical “Ask not what your country can do for you— ask what you can do for your country.” Uttered by one Alexander Graham Bell on March 7, 1876, this quote is remem- bered not for its eloquence or effect, but for what it represents: the invention of that great tool of everyday life, the Telephone. Bell, born in Scotland to a deaf mother in 1847, followed the professional footsteps of his father, uncle and grandfa- ther, all professors of elocution (the study of speaking). Young “Aleck,” a passionate elocutionist, specialized in teaching speech to the deaf. Telephony, the science of producing sound (‘phono’) electrically over distance (‘tele’), was the rage among Three weeks later, Mr. Watson famously heard Bell sum- 19th-century inventors. The telegraph, created in England moning him over its wires. As his was the first telephone in 1833 and soon improved by American Samuel Morse, to truly work and receive a patent, Bell was credited with accomplished that in staccato, on-and-off rhythms. By the the invention. mid-1800s, it was the world’s means of long-distance audi- Bell’s fledgling business sold just six telephones in its ble communication. Bell and other scientists across first month. But by 1891, the company, by then known as Europe and in the United States including Antonio AT&T (the Atlantic Telephone and Telegraph Co.), was Meucci, Johann Philipp Reis, Elisha Gray and Thomas operating some 5 million phones in America. -
The Evolution of Science-Fiction Films and Novels
2010 JUMP By Douglas Fenech, Christian Gradwohl & Jan Westren-Doll [DOES SCIENCE-FICTION PREDICT THE FUTURE??] [This research paper looks at a selection of science-fiction films and its connection with the progression of the television, the telephone and print media. It also analyzes statistical data obtained from a questionnaire conducted by the research group regarding communication media.] January 1, 2010 [DOES SCIENCE-FICTION PREDICT THE FUTURE OR CHANGE IT?] Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 Science-fiction filmmakers are not modern day Leonardo da Vinci’s…………………………………………5 Predictions of the future in science-fiction films and novels………………………………………………………6 History of the future………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8 The evolution of science-fiction films and novels.........................................................................11 A look into Television....................................................................................................................13 Mechanical Television.......................................................................................................13 Electronic Television.........................................................................................................14 Colour Television..............................................................................................................15 The Remote Control..........................................................................................................16 -
The Telephone and Its Several Inventors
The History of Telecommunications The Telephone and its Several Inventors by Wim van Etten 1/36 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Bell and his invention 3. Bell Telephone Company (BTC) 4. Lawsuits 5. Developments in Europe and the Netherlands 6. Telephone sets 7. Telephone cables 8. Telephone switching 9. Liberalization 10. Conclusion 2/36 Reis • German physicist and school master • 1861: vibrating membrane touched needle; reproduction of sound by needle connected to electromagnet hitting wooden box • several great scientists witnessed his results • transmission of articulated speech could not be demonstrated in court • submitted publication to Annalen der Physik: refused • later on he was invited to publish; then he refused • ended his physical experiments as a poor, disappointed man Johann Philipp Reis 1834-1874 • invention not patented 3/36 The telephone patent 1876: February 14, Alexander Graham Bell applies patent “Improvement in Telegraphy”; patented March 7, 1876 Most valuable patent ever issued ! 4/36 Bell’s first experiments 5/36 Alexander Graham Bell • born in Scotland 1847 • father, grandfather and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech • his father developed a system of “Visible Speech” • was an expert in learning deaf-mute to “speak” • met Wheatstone and Helmholtz • when 2 brothers died of tuberculosis parents emigrated to Canada • 1873: professor of Vocal Physiology and Elocution at the Boston University School of Oratory: US citizen Alexander Graham Bell • 1875: started experimenting with “musical” telegraphy (1847-1922) • had a vision to transmit voice over telegraph wires 6/36 Bell (continued) • left Boston University to spent more time to experiments • 2 important deaf-mute pupils left: Georgie Sanders and Mabel Hubbard • used basement of Sanders’ house for experiments • Sanders and Hubbard gave financial support, provided he would abandon telephone experiments • Henry encouraged to go on with it • Thomas Watson became his assistant • March 10, 1876: “Mr. -
ODNOS ČETRTOŠOLCEV DO MOBILNIH TELEFONOV Raziskovalna Naloga Področje: Sociologija
OŠ Brinje Grosuplje Ljubljanska cesta 40a ODNOS ČETRTOŠOLCEV DO MOBILNIH TELEFONOV Raziskovalna naloga Področje: Sociologija Avtorja: Lučka Perme, Liza Završan in Zoja Gal – Šehić; 4. b Mentorici: Vanja Resnik, Maja Zajec Grosuplje, marec 2020 1 KAZALO 1 UVOD _______________________________________________________________________ 3 2 TEORETIČNI DEL _______________________________________________________________ 4 2.1 KAJ JE TELEFON? __________________________________________________________ 4 2.2 ZGODOVINA TELEFONOV ___________________________________________________ 4 2. 3 SEVANJE MOBILNEGA TELEFONA _____________________________________________ 5 2. 4 MOBILNI TELEFONI V ŠOLI ___________________________________________________ 6 2. 5 ZASVOJENOST _____________________________________________________________ 7 2. 6 HIPOTEZE ________________________________________________________________ 8 3 EMPIRIČNI DEL ________________________________________________________________ 9 3. 1 METODA _________________________________________________________________ 9 3. 2 REZULTATI __________________________________________________________________ 9 4 ZAKLJUČEK __________________________________________________________________ 14 5 LITERATURA _________________________________________________________________ 15 6 PRILOGE ____________________________________________________________________ 16 2 POVZETEK To temo smo si izbrale, ker ima danes že praktično vsak človek svoj mobilni telefon, nas pa je zanimalo, kakšno je stanje pri učencih 4. razredov. V raziskavi -
5. on Being First
5. On Being First The postage stamp is a unique kind of sign, with an impressive capacity to convey a number of messages in a very confined space (Child, 2008). In the previous chapter I have been able to review the use of stamps to deliver political messages. In this chapter, I look at how the representation of scientists on stamps has developed over time and investigate examples of stamps being used as the vehicle to substantiate ‘firsts’ in science. On being first Robert Merton’s “Priorities in Scientific Discovery” (1957) discusses the way that science is structured, noting the importance attached to the date of a discovery and the world’s acknowledgement of the achievement. Disputes are commonplace regarding such recognition, and Merton states that it is more likely that the case will be argued by the institution than the scientist. The scientist will often accept that science is a developing understanding of the world and that many research projects are conducted in parallel. The establishment, here in the form of postal authorities, in some cases as an agency of government, enters the fray of controversy in the very public arena of stamp issue. Merton’s comments on being first are reiterated by Collins and Pinch: Moreover, the mass media may be used by scientists as platforms to assure their priority in discovery – a well known phenomenon in the sociology of science (Collins and Pinch, 1998, p. 142). Within the context of this study, I anticipate that it is a national institution, the postal authority, representing the aims and ambitions of the state, that chooses to honour specific scientists. -
Adaptive Neural Signal Detection for Massive MIMO Mehrdad Khani, Mohammad Alizadeh, Jakob Hoydis, Senior Member, IEEE, Phil Fleming, Senior Member, IEEE
This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TWC.2020.2996144, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 1 Adaptive Neural Signal Detection for Massive MIMO Mehrdad Khani, Mohammad Alizadeh, Jakob Hoydis, Senior Member, IEEE, Phil Fleming, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—Traditional symbol detection algorithms either per- In recent work, researchers have proposed several learning form poorly or are impractical to implement for Massive approaches for MIMO signal detection. Samuel et al. [8, 9] Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. Recently, sev- achieved impressive results with a deep neural network ar- eral learning-based approaches have achieved promising results on simple channel models (e.g., i.i.d. Gaussian channel coeffi- chitecture called DetNet, e.g., matching the performance of cients), but as we show, their performance degrades on real-world a semidefinite relaxation (SDR) baseline for independent and channels with spatial correlation. We propose MMNet, a deep identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian channel matrices while learning MIMO detection scheme that significantly outperforms running 30× faster. He et al. [10] introduced OAMPNet, existing approaches on realistic channels with the same or lower a model inspired by the Orthogonal AMP algorithm [11], computational complexity. MMNet’s design builds on the theory of iterative soft-thresholding algorithms, and uses a novel training and demonstrated strong performance on both i.i.d. Gaussian algorithm that leverages temporal and spectral correlation in and small-sized correlated channel matrices based on the real channels to accelerate training. -
Die Meilensteine Der Computer-, Elek
Das Poster der digitalen Evolution – Die Meilensteine der Computer-, Elektronik- und Telekommunikations-Geschichte bis 1977 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 und ... Von den Anfängen bis zu den Geburtswehen des PCs PC-Geburt Evolution einer neuen Industrie Business-Start PC-Etablierungsphase Benutzerfreundlichkeit wird gross geschrieben Durchbruch in der Geschäftswelt Das Zeitalter der Fensterdarstellung Online-Zeitalter Internet-Hype Wireless-Zeitalter Web 2.0/Start Cloud Computing Start des Tablet-Zeitalters AI (CC, Deep- und Machine-Learning), Internet der Dinge (IoT) und Augmented Reality (AR) Zukunftsvisionen Phasen aber A. Bowyer Cloud Wichtig Zählhilfsmittel der Frühzeit Logarithmische Rechenhilfsmittel Einzelanfertigungen von Rechenmaschinen Start der EDV Die 2. Computergeneration setzte ab 1955 auf die revolutionäre Transistor-Technik Der PC kommt Jobs mel- All-in-One- NAS-Konzept OLPC-Projekt: Dass Computer und Bausteine immer kleiner, det sich Konzepte Start der entwickelt Computing für die AI- schneller, billiger und energieoptimierter werden, Hardware Hände und Finger sind die ersten Wichtige "PC-Vorläufer" finden wir mit dem werden Massenpro- den ersten Akzeptanz: ist bekannt. Bei diesen Visionen geht es um die Symbole für die Mengendarstel- schon sehr früh bei Lernsystemen. iMac und inter- duktion des Open Source Unterstüt- möglichen zukünftigen Anwendungen, die mit 3D-Drucker zung und lung. Ägyptische Illustration des Beispiele sind: Berkley Enterprice mit neuem essant: XO-1-Laptops: neuen Technologien und Konzepte ermöglicht Veriton RepRap nicht Ersatz werden. -
The Myth of the Sole Inventor
Michigan Law Review Volume 110 Issue 5 2012 The Myth of the Sole Inventor Mark A. Lemley Stanford Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr Part of the Intellectual Property Law Commons Recommended Citation Mark A. Lemley, The Myth of the Sole Inventor, 110 MICH. L. REV. 709 (2012). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol110/iss5/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Law Review at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE MYTH OF THE SOLE INVENTORt Mark A. Lemley* The theory of patent law is based on the idea that a lone genius can solve problems that stump the experts, and that the lone genius will do so only if properly incented. But the canonical story of the lone genius inventor is largely a myth. Surveys of hundreds of significant new technologies show that almost all of them are invented simultaneously or nearly simultaneous- ly by two or more teams working independently of each other. Invention appears in significant part to be a social, not an individual, phenomenon. The result is a real problem for classic theories of patent law. Our domi- nant theory of patent law doesn't seem to explain the way we actually implement that law. Maybe the problem is not with our current patent law, but with our current patent theory. -
Telephone Quiz: Questions and Answers
kupidonia.com Telephone Quiz: questions and answers Telephone Quiz: questions and answers - 1 / 4 kupidonia.com 1. What is telephone? A device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation A system for the transmission and reception of images and sound An electronic device used to perform a remote operation on a machine 2. Who invented the world's first telephone? Antonio Meucci Elisha Gray Alexander Graham Bell 3. Who was the first to be granted a U.S. patent for the device that produces a clearly intelligible replication of the human voice? Charles Bourseul Alexander Graham Bell Innocenzo Manzetti 4. What are the essential elements of a telephone? Microphone and earphone Cable and electricity Buttons 5. In which year was the Advance Mobile Phone System (AMPS) launched? 1973 1970 Telephone Quiz: questions and answers - 2 / 4 kupidonia.com 1983 6. What has been the trend for mobile phones since 1999? Efficient phones Smartphones Special phones 7. When did the first successful telephone transmission using a liquid transmitter take place? January 30, 1877 February 19, 1876 March 10, 1876 8. What is a lineman's handset? A telephone that allows long-distance calls A device used to repair the phone A special type of telephone used by technicians for installing and testing local loop telephone lines 9. In telecommunications, what does POTS mean? Permanent Old Telephone Service Plain Old Telephone Service Permanent Out Telephone Services 10. When was the transistor invented? 1974 1947 1946 Telephone Quiz: questions and answers - 3 / 4 kupidonia.com Telephone Quiz: questions and answers Right answers 1. -
Association Des Amis Des Cables Sous-Marins Bulletin N° 51
ASSOCIATION DES AMIS DES CABLES SOUS-MARINS Le NC Antonio MEUCCI à La Seyne en août 2014 (G Fouchard) BULLETIN N° 51 – FEVRIER 2016 1 SOMMAIRE NUMERO 51 – FEVRIER 2016 Articles Auteurs Pages Couverture : Le NC Meucci à La Seyne sur Mer Rédaction 1 Sommaire Rédaction 2 Le billet du Président A. Van Oudheusden 3 La lettre du trésorier Gérard Fouchard 4 Undersea Fiber Communication Systems José Chesnoy 5 Le NC Meucci et les mensonges de l’histoire Rédaction 6 La technologie du futur des câbles sous marins José Chesnoy 10 L’actualité des câbles sous-marins Loic Le Fur 20 Les sémaphores de la Marine Yves Lecouturier 23 Gustave Ferrié et la radio pendant la Grande Guerre Gérard Fouchard 31 Paul Langevin à Toulon pendant la grande guerre Gérard Fouchard 39 Le point de vue de Pierre Suard Pierre Suard 45 Hommage à Alain Bacquey Jocelyne Yépès 46 Hommage à Marcel Ferrara J. L Bricout 47 Hommage à Jean Le Tiec Christian Delanis 48 Hommage à René Salvador Gérard Fouchard 49 FIN DE VOTRE ABONNEMENT AU BULLETIN Le numéro 50 devait être le dernier bulletin mais l’actualité, la technologie et les témoignages sur la guerre de 1914-1918 permettent l’édition plusieurs bulletins complémentaires. La trésorerie de l’association le permet. Je vous rappelle que la cotisation annuelle est de 5 euros. Seule une adhésion à jour vous permet recevoir le bulletin. Gérard Fouchard - Trésorier de l’AACSM - 40 Quai Hoche -83500 LA SEYNE SUR MER Site de l’association : www. Cablesm.fr 2 LE BILLET DU PRESIDENT Alain Van Oudheusden Je tiens à présenter à tous les adhérents, au nom du Bureau, mes meilleurs vœux à l’aube de 2016 et ce nouveau bulletin. -
INNOVATION ECONOMICS This Page Intentionally Left Blank Robert D
INNOVATION ECONOMICS This page intentionally left blank Robert D. Atkinson and Stephen J. Ezell Innovation Economics The Race for Global Advantage new haven and london Published with assistance from the foundation established in memory of Philip Hamilton McMillan of the Class of 1894, Yale College. Copyright © 2012 by Robert D. Atkinson and Stephen J. Ezell. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Yale University Press books may be purchased in quantity for educational, business, or promotional use. For information, please e-mail [email protected] (U.S. offi ce) or [email protected] (U.K. offi ce). Set in Scala type by Westchester Book Group Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cata loging- in- Publication Data Atkinson, Robert D. Innovation economics : the race for global advantage / Robert D. Atkinson and Stephen J. Ezell. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0- 300- 16899- 0 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Technological innovations— Economic aspects— United States. 2. Technological innovations— Economic aspects. 3. Diff usion of innovations— United States. 4. Industrial policy— United States. I. Ezell, Stephen J. II. Title. HC110.T4 A8187 2012 338'.0640973— dc23 2012006642 A cata logue record for this book is available from the British Library. This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48– 1992 (Permanence of Paper).