Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 25 2nd Sriwijaya International Conference of Public Health (SICPH 2019)

Safety Analysis of Transit in Palembang

Novrikasari Desheila Andarini Mona Lestari Faculty of Public Health Faculty of Public Health Faculty of Public Health University of Sriwijaya University of Sriwijaya University of Sriwijaya Palembang, Indoneia Palembang, Indoneia Palembang, Indoneia [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Poppy Fujianti Sarah Aprilisa Anita Camelia Faculty of Public Health Faculty of Public Health Faculty of Public Health University of Sriwijaya University of Sriwijaya University of Sriwijaya Palembang, Indoneia Palembang, Indonesia Palembang, Indoneia [email protected] Corresponding Author: Novrikasari

Abstract- As the first rail-based mass use the elevator if there is an transportation means for moving and emergency and to not push prams transporting passengers / goods, the when riding the . A small additional function of Light Rail portion of respondents are still Transit is as a tourist attraction. standing over the safety lines while People flocked to try to use Light Rail waiting for the Light Rail Transit, Transit. This study aims to analyze letting children running around and the safety of Light Rail Transit in looking under the railroad. The Palembang. Method: This research is passengers are still putting luggage a quantitative study with a cross on the train corridor and sitting using sectional approach. Questionnaires the priority bench. Dissemination were given to 100 Light Rail Transit through safety videos, not only in the passengers. The questionnaires were form of posters by including safety distributed to 25 people each day information on the use of public within 4 days.The results showed that facilities such as toilets, waiting the risks / dangers of the Light Rail rooms, prayer rooms, and Transit according to respondents are elevators. Knowledge, Trust, Travel engine breakdown; slip; fell on the Process is related to Light Rail escalator; stuck in an elevator; Transit passenger alertness. slipping, falling on the toilet, waiting room and prayer room; derailment, Keywords: safety, accident, light rail electric shock and collision. transit However, most respondents felt safe riding the Light Rail Transit, because I. INTRODUCTION they believed that the officers would In recent years, the issue of energy maintain and provide adequate safety price rise and environmental issues has information. A small number of come to the attention of researchers and respondents still don’t know not to practitioners in the energy efficiency of . Mass transportation

Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 35 Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 25

Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 25

contributed greatly in reducing energy use (LRT) to experience machine breakdown. (Xin Yang, 2016). There are several types The AC in the ER room is turned off so of mass transportation that are commonly that an overheating occurred which caused used such as Bus, Heavy the signal aspect remained red. At that Rail Transit System, Commuter Line, time, most passengers felt overheated and and Light Rail Transit some even experienced shortness of breath (Andriansyah, 2015). One of the facilities and the passengers had to stay in that that might meet the needs for public condition for up to 2 hours. transportation in terms of the quality of There are passengers carrying out the trip is the Integrated Railroad / Light dangerous actions such as trying to escape Rail Transit (LRT). Light Rail Transit is a the carriage without listening to the metropolitan electric rail system that is instructions of the officers. Furthermore, characterized by its ability to run carriages the evacuation of passengers is carried out or short trains one by one along special by walkway, which is walking on the rails lanes exclusively on terraced land, with officers’ supervision with electrically hanging structures, subways, or usually on powered rails are in a position turned off. the road, as well as picking and dropping Efforts to make Light Rail Transit (LRT) passengers on the track or car parks truly safe and secure are operating (Kittellson, 1999). continuously which includes information Some studies about Light Rail dissemination to the public regarding Transit (LRT) discussed about schedule emergencies. Therefore, this study is optimization and energy-efficient (Xin carried to examine the safety of Light Rail Yang, 2016); Automatic train control Transit (LRT) from passengers’ point of system (ATC) is a safety system which view as an effort to prepare everything role is to control safe train operations and related to mitigation measures. increase operation efficiency in train speed control through investigation, design, II. METHOD testing, and analysis, of the system, and This research is a quantitative study with the method of allocating improvements cross sectional research. Questionnaires and other technical methods used in the were given to passengers who have design (Li-bo, 2017); Driverless train previously used Light Rail Transit at least operation (DTO) systems are increasing 5 times. Taking differences of respondents globally and are expected to triple in the into account, 25 questionnaires were next 10 years. Opportunities provided by distributed within 4 days on Monday, the DTO system are lower operating costs, Wednesday, Friday and Sunday with 100 increased capacity, and energy efficiency. questionnaires collected in total. However, the challenges faced by the DTO system are safety issues, train III. RESULT control technology, and emergency Respondents are people aged 15 to 59 situations (Zhou, 2016). years. Occupation of respondents ranges Transportation safety is a from government employees, private condition that is realized from the smooth employees, students, traders and operation of transportation in accordance housewives. Respondents reside in with operating procedures and technical Palembang as South Sumatera capital city, feasibility requirements for facilities and South Sumatera’s regencies, as well as in infrastructure and their supports. During different provinces. Their reasons for the operation of the Light using Light Rail Transit include avoiding Rail Transit (LRT), several technical traffic jams, saving money, being more constraints caused the Light Rail Transit safe and comfortable, reaching their

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Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 25

destination quickly, and just hanging out From the questionnaire, the type of hazard with friends and family. The ociety does that respondents think most likely to not merely require the provision of mass happen with the Light Rail Transit is transportation infrastructure. It is also machine breakdown and the list go down about hoe effective and efficient the travel in the same order as displayed in table 1 time, safety and comfort that passengers with LRT crash being the least likely to receive. Table 1 shows some of the happen according to respondents.. concerns of Light Rail Transit passengers. TABLE 2 TABLE 1. RESPONDENTS KNOWLEDGE POTENTIAL RISK DURING LIGHT ON LIFT USE RAIL TRANSIT USE Questions : Answer Question: Answer No You will Yes No No The Yes No use lift if : n % N % following n % N % 1 In a hurry 65 65 35 35 are the % % risks / 2 There’s an 13 13 87 87 hazards emergency % % that may and disaster occur (such as while earthquake, using tornado and LRT in other your emergencie opinion: s) 1 Machine 70 70 30 30 3 Carrying 55 55 45 45 breakdow % % heavy % % n loads/lugga 2 Slip and 46 46 54 54 ge fall on the % % 4 Bringing 64 64 36 36 escalator children, % % 3 Trapped 44 44 56 56 elderly, in the lift % % diabled 4 Slip and 39 39 61 61 5 Are you 69 69 31 31 fall in % % going to % % toilet/ read the lift waiting use room/pray regulation er room and 5 Light Rail 34 34 66 66 direction ? Transit % % 7 Question : derailed Where will 6 Electrocut 28 28 72 72 you read ion % % that 7 LRT 23 23 77 77 direction ? crashing % % 7.a Before 50 50 50 50 getting on % %

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Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 25

the lift 4 May bring 27 27% 73 73% 7.b Inside the 56 56 44 44 pets but lift % % must be 8 Question : hold What 5 Holding 50 50% 50 50% information onto can you get escalator nside the handle lift ? when 8.a Lift use 59 59 41 41 escalator is direction % % running 8.b Regulation 60 60 40 40 6 Not holding 29 29% 71 71% when you % % onto the are trapped handle 8.c Number to 50 50 50 50 when contact % % escalator is not running The most notable result in table 2 is the part where most respondents know Most respondents who choose to that they are not allowed to ride the use escalators understand that children elevator during an emergency situation. must stand in front of parents. However, However, 13% of respondent does not the concern is that only a small portion have the knowledge. understands to stand on the right side, so as not to disturb others who want to go faster; not riding the escalator with a baby TABLE 3 stroller; may bring pets by holding; may RESPONDENTS KNOWLEDGE ON hold on to the handle when the escalator is ESCALATOR USE running; and not hold on to the handle when the escalator isn't running. Some Question : Answer things that also should be a concern is not No When using Yes No to stand over the yellow lines that are on the escalator and forbidden to lean on the escalator : n % n % hand handle. 1 Children 64 64% 36 36% stands in front of adults 2 Not in a 79 79% 21 21% hurry and standing on the left side of escalator 3 You may 27 27% 73 73% ride escalator with baby in baby carriage

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Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 25

TRAVELLING WITH LIGTH RAIL action with at least 75% of respondents answered correctly. However, no matter TRANSIT how small the percentages, there still are TABLE 4 respondents or passengers who potentially RESPONDENTS’ UNSAFE ACTION would consider do the unsafe actions WHILE WAITING FOR LIGHT RAIL because of the lack of understanding on TRANSIT the matter.

Question : Answer No While Allowed Not TABLE 5 waiting for Allowed RESPONDENTS BEHAVIOURS WHEN LRT : n % n % ENTERING THE LIGHT RAIL 1 Is there a 96 96% 4 4% TRANSIT crew to help Questions : Answers leading you No When Yes No. to waiting entering Light n % n % room? Rail Transit : Question : 1 Is there any 96 96% 4 4% The crew that following helps you is the enter the train allowed/not 2 Do you 96 96% 4 4% allowed follow the things to do crew direction while 3 Are you 98 98% 2 2% waiting for getting on the the LRT: train with 2 Crossing 25 25% 75 75% order the safety 4 Are you 96 96% 4 4% line letting people 3 Letting 18 18% 82 82% get off before children entering the running train around 4 Inspecting 19 19% 81 81% Table 5 shows that the majority of the rail line passengers already know the rule on how below to get on and off the train and who to 5 Are you 91 91% 9 9% prioritize when they have to enter or exit walking to the train with 98% respondent answering the train by “yes” to question if they let people getting following off the train first before they enter. the green direction arrows?

Table 4 shows that majority of respondents know not to commit unsafe

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Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 25

TABLE 6 crew RESPONDENT BEHAVIOUR DURING through TRIP WITH LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT loudspeake r Questions : Answers 10 Do you 73 73 2 27 No While in Yes No. watch the % 7 % Light Rail N % n % information Transit : video 1 Are there 97 97 3 3 relayed on any crew % % the screen during the inside the trip train 2 Do you 95 95 5 5 11 Do you see 47 47 5 53 follow the % % the writing % 3 % crew “emergenc directions y door 3 Are you 44 44 5 56 open” leaving % 6 % your bags, TABLE 7 luggage on RESPONDENT BEHAVIOUR WHEN the train GETTING OFF THE LIGHT RAIL corridor TRANSIT 4 Are you 34 34 6 66 using % 6 % Questions : Answers priority seat No When you Questions : Ya No. get off the N % n % 5 Do you let 1 1% 9 99 train : children 9 % 1 Doe the 100 100 0 0 running crew give % % inside the directions train when the 6 Do you let 0 0% 1 10 train stops children 0 0 2 Are you 49 49 5 51 hanging 0 % letting % 1 % around on people get the train on the train 7 Do you eat 5 5% 9 95 before or drink 5 % getting off inside the 3 Are you 91 91 9 9 train going down % % 8 Do you 1 1% 9 99 the stairs leave trash 9 % by inside the following train the red 9 Do you pay 98 98 2 2 direction attention to % % arrows information relayed by

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Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 25

Table 1.6 and table 1.7 indicate Transit. Information about some unsafe that there are respondents who take unsafe conditions regarding risks and impacts in actions during the Light Rail Transit trip. the Light Rail Transit area, as well as Placing luggage in the corridor of the train unsafe actions, has not been socialized, will disturb the comfort of other especially to answer people’s curiosity. passengers, disturb the spatial layout, and most importantly obstruct the evacuation route and endanger other passengers IV. DISCUSSION during emergency situations. Place the Specifically for the Light Rail items in the space provided, usually at the Transit trains, more operational top. But it should be noted also the disruptions occurred in the Non Train location of the place of goods must be safe Accident (NKKA). Because the operation as to not risking the goods falling and of LRT trains is different from ordinary injure people below. trains, so for accidents such as train The priority seats are reserved collisions and train roll over, there is less only for pregnant women, the elderly and risk for LRT. LRT has different lanes for disabled. There are symbols on the each train, which has 2 separate lanes. priority seating area to indicate who can Therefore it is no possibility of a collision sit there. The Light Rail Transit crew, who on the train. LRT trains are more at risk of is on the road, has the duty to ensure the experiencing disruptions for Non Railway safety of passengers. One of them will Accidents (NKKA) such as infrastructure, always remind the passenger of passenger technology and security problems. From luggage placement; priority seat use; for the technology side it is known that in adults to always supervise and stay alert to operation LRT trains use a lot of children; remind passengers not to eat and electricity and sensor signals which are at drink during the trip and not to throw risk of interference and cause a danger to garbage in the Light Rail Transit. passengers. Crew would also remind In terms of security, the LRT is passengers to be patient and be orderly, also very wary of the risk of sabotage on even in a rush to enter and exit the Light trains which is feared to disrupt the train Rail Transit, passengers must still travel process and endanger passengers. prioritize those who want to get off. This However, based on observations made by action by the train crews will continue to researchers, it is found that there are other be done, considering that at this time, the emergencies that must also be considered, use of Light Rail Transit is not only as which is the risk of passengers to be means of transportation for residents of falling into the railroad tracks. It can be the city of Palembang and surrounding seen that South Sumatra LRT in its area, but also used as a means of operation uses sensors in opening and transportation for athletes and official closing doors. There is a written statement sports teams when there are local, national on the door which is a prohibition to lean and international sports competitions in on it, it is intended for the safety of the Jakabaring Sport Center. Light Rail passenger itself because if there is Transit is also a tourist attraction to satisfy interference with the door sensor and people's curiosity; what about this Light suddenly the door is open when the train Rail Transit as the first modern has not arrived, the passenger leaning on transportation in Palembang. the door have risk of falling into the rail. It Information on trips and must also be noted by security personnel emergency response, provided through to be more stringent in their supervision of loudspeakers and television on Light Rail passengers standing near the door.

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Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 25

Same thing with trains, experiencing a breakdown. The AC in the identification of risk profiles at the ER room is turned off so that overheating stations is also done in the same way. The occurred which resulted in signal aspect process of identifying the risk profile at remaining red. Most respondents choose the station is carried out routinely with the risk of a breakdown which followed patrols from the Internal Security Officer by slipping, falling and trapped in the and also every day there are maintenance escalator infrastructure, elevators, toilets, officers who check and maintain and waiting rooms and prayer rooms. identify the train's feasibility before it will Light Rail Transit uses electricity operate normally. This is in accordance on rails with a voltage of 750 VDC and an with the Decree of the Directors of PT. electric current of 700 ampere. The high Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Number. electricity use is a risk that is feared by a KP.501 / l / 4 / KA-2011 dated January small number of passengers, but it was 12, 2011 concerning the safety ignored with the assumption that this commitments of leaders in the PT. Kereta modern technology must have solutions to Api Indonesia (Persero) which contains overcome any electricity risks. information about efforts to improve Transportation safety is manifested in the safety at PT. Kereta Api Indonesia smooth operation of transportation in (Persero), a method for identifying accordance with operating procedures and hazards and efforts to prevent accidents, technical feasibility requirements for mechanisms for reporting potential facilities and infrastructure and their hazards and their follow-up, and how to supports. Some Standard Operating create a risk profile of a Daop / Divre. All Procedures (SOPs) that have been carried of that must be understood and out by the Light Rail Transit are: implemented by all employees of PT. 1. Track Access Management SOP, used Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) in order to when an emergency occurs such as a realize safety, timeliness, service and passenger falling on the track, for comfort in the operation of the train. From security when someone is required to this risk profile, it can be estimated that get off the track, because it is very there are various types of emergencies that risky to go down on an electric voltage can occur. Types of emergencies also track. differ between those that occur on trains 2. SOP of disturbance of facilities and and also at the station. Each station has a infrastructure, used when there are risk profile determined that can result in disruptions of facilities and an emergency. This is also consistent with infrastructure, for example when a train the statement in ISO 14001, clause breaks down, or a railroad has element 4.4.7 which states that an interference such as broken and so organization or company must establish, forth. implement and maintain procedures to 3. SOP for using Emergency Power Off, identify emergencies and potential is a button that is used to turn off the accidents. The organization must respond electric current in the Light Rail to emergencies and accidents. However, Transit. the LRT itself does not yet have full authority to regulate SOPs based on the USE OF LIFT AND ESCALATOR specified risk profile. Most respondents choose to use During the trial run of the South the elevator when they are in hurry, Sumatra Light Rail Transit (LRT), it carrying heavy goods or luggage, bringing experienced two technical problems which children, elderly and disabled. It is a resulted in the Light Rail Transit (LRT) concern, even though it’s a small portion

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Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 25

of respondents, that they do not know they addition, there are also SOPs regarding the are not allowed to ride the elevator during actions of railroad crews in the event of an emergency situations. Respondents who interruption in travel which contains use the elevator will read the information delays in the departure of light railroad, inside the elevator about the rules of using disruption of door means, air conditioning the elevator, the rules when trapped and and traction in facilities. This is in the number that can be contacted. accordance with the emergency response, Article 27 explains the Standard Operating TRAVELLING WITH LIGHT RAIL Procedure (SOP) regarding handling TRANSIT emergency conditions as referred to in The most important element in an Article 25 letter b including: a. train LRT train emergency response is the delays; b. train cancellation; c. train delays procedure. The procedure carried out in an and how to overcome delays; d. diversion emergency is something that is of train travel; e. handling train accidents; immediately applied when an emergency and f. evacuation of train passengers. occurs. South Sumatra Light Rail Transit All SOPs have been made and (LRT) already has an emergency response have been socialized to the community procedure compiled based on Permen and school children. In addition there is No.23 of 2007 as well as an official also cooperation with the transportation service regulation from the directors of department and the Basarnas team because PT. Indonesian Railways in the Standard the evacuation method on the walkway Operating Procedure (SOP) document. has been carried out simulations and This procedure was made by taking into various kinds of repairs, so at the time of account that in the operation of light evacuation there were machinists and railroad there are various risks of PKD as helping to direct passengers to the emergencies so that an emergency station. So there is a leader who ensures response procedure is needed to find that no passenger falls / lags from the preventive measures for effective and track. It was during this evacuation that appropriate evacuation so as to minimize electricity of 750pdc would not be turned casualties and the amount of loss that will on, so it was completely free of electricity be borne by the company. This is in line and evacuation of passengers became with statement in PERMENAKER No. more flexible. Besides, emergency PER. 05 / MEN / 1996 concerning the procedures are also regularly delivered on Occupational Safety and Health a small television that is on the train. The Management System (SMK3) that video explained what passengers must do companies must have procedures to deal during an emergency. In terms of with emergencies or disasters, which are passenger preparedness, they should be tested periodically to determine the more prepared in the event of an reliability of the actual event. For emergency that requires evacuation and no emergency response at the station is based panicking during an emergency because it on Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) is expected that passengers already infrastructure builders, namely PT. understand the information about the Waskita Karya, a construction contractor procedure both delivered via television who designs how safety facilities such as and loudspeakers as well as emergency emergency stairs, gathering points and so instructions that can be read directly at forth. any time. Described in the SOP of the Table 1.4 shows that even though station that is accommodating about how only a small portion, it should be noted by to evacuate passengers in a safe place. In the Light Rail Transit crew that some

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Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 25

passengers has tendency to commit unsafe goods or luggage in the middle of train action while waiting for the train. The corridor. This behavior would hinder the dangerous actions taken by passengers are evacuation process in emergency situation crossing the boundary line, leaving and might cause risk of trip and fall for children unattended so that children can other passengers as it is blocking the way. run away from parents, also passengers It proves that a lot of passengers do not has tendency to be curious and trying to know the danger of this behavior. It is check and see the rails below, not possible that they are not getting this knowing and disregarding the electricity information about unsafe situation and hazard and other potential hazards that unsafe action that would lead to could befall onto them. emergency situation. Warning needs to be The between the given in larger scale. Therefore, besides platform and the rail is intended so that no the information about evacuation method one is allowed to cross it. Things that can after emergency situation happen, the happen if you pass are hit by LRT train or management could use the loudspeaker fall onto the rails. The waiting area is in and the television inside the train to quite high position above the rail. If an inform passengers about unsafe situation adult falls it is not easy to go back up with and unsafe action around them that might that height. In addition, the rail is powered cause emergency situation. The with a voltage of 750 VDC and an electric information needs to be relayed, for current of 700 Amperes. After falling onto example, are how to use lift and escalator the rail, people may get electrocuted. The safely, safe behavior while waiting for the Light Rail Transit crew always train in the platform, safe and orderly way accompanies passengers from getting to to get on and off the train and safe the waiting room, entering the train, behavior during trip with LRT train such during the trip and dropping off as where they can put their luggage safely passengers. However, crew may not be and to pay attention to children they bring able to pay attention to all passengers with them. Crew on duty can supervise during rush hour as the volume of passengers regarding this issue. passengers during this time would increase. It would be hard to supervise if any passengers, adult or children would be V. CONCLUSION curious about the rail and unconsciously Unsafe conditions on Light Rail crossing the yellow line, risking Transit occur during breakdown; themselves. Another kind of safety derailment; train collision; slipping and measure needs to be taken to prevent this falling on the escalator, waiting room, from happening. prayer room, and toilet; trapped in the As seen in table 5, most elevator. Unsafe actions taken by respondents took safe actions when passengers are rushing when entering and entering the Light Rail Transit. However, exiting Light Rail Transit; not prioritizing in table 7, almost half of respondents people getting off the train; putting ignoring the exiting rule. That means there luggage in the train corridor; leaving is a possibility that a lot of passengers children unattended; crossing the safety would ignore the safety and order of line. getting on and off the train if the situation This study suggests that Light allows. Rail Transit management to build platform During the trip with Light Rail screen doors (PSDs) or platform edge Transit, almost half of respondents doors (PEDs) to prevent passengers from answered that they would leave their falling onto the electrified rails.

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Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 25

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Advances in Health Sciences Research, volume 25

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