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Bluewaters Power Station Phase II Bluewaters Power Station Phase II Griffin Power Pty Ltd Report and recommendations of the Environmental Protection Authority Environmental Protection Authority Perth, Western Australia Bulletin 1177 June 2005 Environmental Impact Assessment Process Timelines Date Progress stages Time (weeks) 31/05/04 Level of Assessment set (following any appeals upheld) 2 10/01/05 Proponent Document Released for Public Comment 32 07/03/05 Public Comment Period Closed 8 10/05/05 Final Proponent response to the issues raised 9 13/06/05 EPA report to the Minister for the Environment 6 ISBN. 0 7307 6817 1 ISSN. 1030 - 0120 Assessment No. 1525 Summary and recommendations Griffin Power Pty Ltd proposes to construct and operate a 200 megawatt (MW) coal- fired power station known as the Bluewaters Power Station Phase II (i.e. Bluewaters II) adjacent to the proposed Bluewaters Power Station (i.e. Bluewaters I) on a site located approximately 4km north-east of Collie. This report provides the Environmental Protection Authority’s (EPA’s) advice and recommendations to the Minister for the Environment on the environmental factors relevant to the proposal. Section 44 of the Environmental Protection Act, 1986 requires the EPA to report to the Minister for the Environment on the environmental factors relevant to the proposal and on the conditions and procedures to which the proposal should be subject, if implemented. In addition, the EPA may make recommendations as it sees fit. Relevant environmental factors The EPA decided that the following environmental factors relevant to the proposal required detailed evaluation in this report: (a) Greenhouse gas emissions; (b) Atmospheric emissions; (c) Liquid and solid waste disposal; (d) Surface water and groundwater; and (e) Noise. There were a number of other factors which were relevant to the proposal, but the EPA is of the view that the information set out in Appendix 3 provides sufficient evaluation. Conclusion The EPA has considered the proposal by Griffin Power Pty Ltd to construct and operate a 200MW coal-fired power station known as the Bluewaters II Power Station (Bluewaters II) adjacent to the Bluewaters Power Station (Bluewaters I) on a site located approximately 4km north-east of Collie. The EPA acknowledges that the demand for electricity in Western Australia will continue to grow. The rate of this growth can be reduced somewhat through demand management. However, there will be a continuing need for additional electricity generating facilities as the population grows and usage per person increases. Additional demand should be satisfied through electricity generating facilities which minimise environmental impacts including the production of greenhouse gases. The EPA has previously advised (EPA 1990) that its preference from an environmental perspective in relation to electricity demand is, in declining order of rank: • conservation and energy improvements; i • renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy; • gas, including combined cycle turbines; • new technology coal plants; • old technology coal plants; and • petroleum fuel plants. The EPA considers that combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) generation represents best practicable technology for base-load power generation at this time. The proposed 200MW coal-fired plant will produce an extra 620,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year compared to a CCGT power station of equivalent capacity. The EPA has previously advised that it expects proponents to mitigate all or a significant part of the extra greenhouse gases produced. The EPA notes that the proponent has investigated mitigation actions and that the apportioned quantity of greenhouse gases to be directly offset for the Bluewaters II Power Station is about 100,500 tonnes per annum. While the proponent has met the intent of the EPA’s requirement to consider the issue of offsets, the apportioned direct offsets for Bluewater II Power Station still leaves an excess of about 519,500tpa of greenhouse gas emissions above a CCGT power station of equivalent capacity. The EPA notes that the level of greenhouse emissions is considerable and that the level of offsets is about one sixth of the excess. If a decision is made that the proposal can be implemented, the EPA considers that the offsets offered by the proponent should be made legally enforceable and tied to this proposal for the life of the proposal. The EPA recognises that the issue of greenhouse gas management is a matter for judgment and that decisions about this proposal will include consideration of broader economic, regional development and strategic issues which are outside the scope of the EPA. From an environmental perspective, the EPA advises that a coal-fired power station without full greenhouse gas offsets and best practicable technology will not deliver the best environmental outcome. The EPA welcomes and strongly supports recent announcements by Government of a Greenhouse and Energy Taskforce and a strategic air quality management framework for Collie to manage emissions from existing and proposed industries in the region. Air quality is an emerging issue in Collie. Sulphur dioxide levels may begin to approach ambient standards designed to protect human health with the current array of proposals and this issue deserves the close attention that a strategic management framework can provide. In determining appeals on the EPA’s report on the Bluewaters proposal (Bluewaters I) the Minister for the Environment determined that “it is considered appropriate that the development of emission limits for both the Bluewaters proposal and other existing and proposed power generation and industrial facilities within the Collie region occur as part of a strategic air quality management framework. Such an approach would not necessarily preclude the emission limits suggested by the EPA, or in fact other limits, being required at a later date.” ii It is evident that the proposed Bluewaters II Power Station does not employ world’s best practice for SO2 management. The EPA considers that European Directive 2001/80/EC represents best practice for SO2 emission limits. In considering Principle 5 “waste minimisation” of the Environmental Protection Act, 1986, the EPA believes that proponents should implement best practicable measures for the prevention or minimisation of environmental impacts. In view of the appeal decision on Bluewaters Power Station, this may require retrofitting of sulphur control equipment if the air quality management framework indicates that SO2 is an issue. Consistent with this, the EPA considers that the proposed strategic air quality management framework is an appropriate mechanism for determining emission limits for this and other power stations and other industries at Collie. Overall, the EPA’s assessment has concluded that the best environmental outcome would not be achieved for greenhouse gas management if full offsets are not implemented. Best practice SO2 management would be achieved if European Directive 2001/80/EC were applied. The EPA has concluded that further work on a strategic air quality management framework for Collie is an appropriate mechanism for determining the limits required to manage emissions from both existing and proposed new plants such as Bluewaters II in an effective and equitable way. A key issue is the effect of saline wastewater discharge on marine water quality and the potential impact on marine biota. It is desirable that the monitoring and management of marine water quality should be consistent with the Environmental Quality Management Framework described in the Government’s State Water Quality Management Strategy Report 6 that the EPA is applying to Western Australia’s marine environment (EPA 2004a, EPA 2004b). This framework has been adopted since the existing outfall was assessed and licensed. Accordingly, any update of the pipeline licence which may be required as a result of a new discharge from the pipeline should recognise, protect and achieve the following environmental values and all their associated environmental quality objectives: • ecosystem health; • recreation and aesthetics; • fishing and aquaculture; and • industrial water supply. It is the EPA’s opinion that the proposal can be managed to meet the EPA’s environmental objective for noise, provided that additional best practice noise attenuation measures are employed in the proposed power station such that its noise emissions meet a level that is consistent with cumulative noise emissions that comply with the night time LA10 assigned level under the noise regulations at all existing and potential future noise-sensitive areas. For other environmental factors the EPA has concluded that it is unlikely that the EPA’s objectives would be compromised, provided there is satisfactory implementation by the proponent of their commitments and the recommended conditions set out in Appendix 4, and summarised in Section 4. iii The EPA also wishes to draw attention to the advice provided in Section 5 of this report in relation to an industrial buffer, air quality, offsets and the equitable internalisation of full environmental costs when considering proposals of this nature. Recommendations The EPA submits the following recommendations to the Minister for the Environment: 1. That the Minister notes that the proposal being assessed is for construction and operation of a 200MW coal-fired power station known as the Bluewaters II Power Station adjacent to the proposed Bluewaters I Power Station on a site located approximately 4km north-east of
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