when Passive is Hard at Work…

when properly installed and maintained, a ’s passive (PFP) systems can save Lives; Assets; and the Building Itself

The information included in this presentation is designed to provide helpful information on the subject Wednesday, January 9, 2019 matter discussed. It is not meant to be used without being verified by the user for their specific project needs. The information does not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of CSI; the CSI Metro NY Chapter or the Program Panelists. The Construction Specifications Institute is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members available on request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. learning objectives: 1. Identify the four (4) main areas of

2. Demonstrate the difference between materials & products and tested systems & assemblies

3. Explain the importance of constant & thorough maintenance of a building’s Passive Fire Protection Systems

4. Explain the Roles & Responsibilities of the following teams in the design, engineering, fabrication, installation, and testing of passive fire protection systems: ▪ The Owner Team: Inspection Agencies/Facility Manager/Building Engineer ▪ The Design Team: Architect/Specifier/Life Safety Consultant/Engineering Consultants ▪ The Contractor Team: Product-System Manufacturer/Installer(s) tonight’s game plan:

1. Player Introductions

2. Presentation

3. Panel Discussion tonight’s panel:

Architect/Specifier Manufacturer Jeff Feingold Dave Augello Specifications Director Northeast Regional Manager Adamson Associates International PC STI Firestop

Life Safety Engineer Third-Party Inspector John Sinisi Chris Bharat President Firestopping Inspector Life Safety Engineering Special Inspection Services Engineering

Mechanical Engineer Moderator Gary Pomerantz Tom Lanzelotti Vice President Technical Principal WSP Gensler Passive Fire Protection FUN FACTS:

▪ Passive Fire Protection despite its name is always at Work

▪ UL does not approve things…UL tests and lists

▪ Architects tell you what to build…Not how to build it

▪ A particular product isn’t fire-rated in and of itself - it’s rated only when it’s installed properly and used in a fire-rated assembly or tested system

▪ Fire-Resistant Penetrations and Joints is a Special Inspection listed on the NYC DOB TR-1: Technical Report Form

▪ Fire-Resistance Rated Construction is a Progress Inspection listed on the NYC DOB TR-1: Technical Report Form four (4) main areas of Passive Fire Protection:

1. Structural Fire Protection

2. Compartmentation

3. Opening Protectives

4. Firestopping Systems four (4) main areas of Passive Fire Protection: 1. Structural Fire Protection ✓ Structural fire protection guards essential structural components (such as structural steel and systems) from the effects of fire. ✓ This is accomplished with a material (spray applied gypsum-based or cementitious products; spray applied thin-film products; wraps and insulation, and fireproofing cladding); or building the structure out of concrete products. four (4) main areas of Passive Fire Protection: 2. Compartmentation ✓ Firewalls; Fire Barriers Fire Partitions; Smoke Barriers; and Smoke Partitions are all included in compartmentation…

Reference Standards: ▪ International (IBC) - Chapter 7 ▪ International Fire Code (IFC) - Chapter 7 ▪ ASTM E119: Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials four (4) main areas of Passive Fire Protection: 2. Compartmentation (Fire-Rated Construction) ✓ Firewalls – are fire-resistance-rated walls having protected openings, which restrict the spread of fire and extend continuously from the foundation to or through the roof with sufficient structural stability under fire conditions to allow collapse of construction on either side without collapse of the wall for the duration of time indicated by the fire- resistance rating of the wall. ✓ Fire Barriers – are vertical or horizontal fire-resistant-rated assemblies designed to restrict the spread of fire in which continuity is maintained. Fire Barriers shall extend from top of floor assembly below to the underside of floor assembly or roof assembly above. Openings in Fire Barriers are to be protected and are limited by code to a maximum aggregate percentage of width per the length of wall and to a maximum area for any single opening. ✓ Fire Partitions – are vertical fire-resistant-rated walls that shall extend continuously from top of floor assembly below to the underside of floor assembly or roof assembly above. Openings in Fire Partitions are to be protected but there is no limitation to number of or size of openings in a Fire Partition. four (4) main areas of Passive Fire Protection: 2. Compartmentation (Smoke-Rated Construction) ✓ Smoke Barriers – are continuous vertical or horizontal membranes that shall extend continuously from top of floor assembly below to the underside of floor assembly or roof assembly above and are designed and constructed to restrict the movement of smoke. Smoke Barriers generally shall have a minimum 1-hour fire-resistance-rating. Openings in Smoke Barriers shall be protected but, are not limited. ✓ Smoke Partitions – are continuous vertical walls that shall extend continuously from top of floor assembly below to the underside of floor assembly or roof assembly above and are designed and constructed to restrict the movement of smoke. Smoke Barriers generally are not required to have a fire-resistance-rating. Openings in Smoke Partitions shall be protected against the passage of smoke but, are not limited. four (4) main areas of Passive Fire Protection: 3. Opening Protectives Fire Door Assemblies; Fire Shutter Assemblies; Fire-Rated Glazing; Fire Window Assemblies; and Dampers (Fire and/or Smoke) are all types of opening protectives in walls, floors and ceilings that protect against the spread of fire and smoke within, into, or out of .

Fire-Rated Fire-Rated Fire-Rated Fire-Rated Fire/Smoke Door Assemblies Shutters Glazing Window Assemblies Dampers four (4) main areas of Passive Fire Protection: 4. Firestop Systems ✓ Passive fire protection systems are made up of various components used to seal openings and joints in fire-resistance-rated wall, floor, or ceiling assemblies

✓ If penetrations aren’t properly sealed and protected with an appropriate firestop system, the fire barrier is rendered less effective, and fire will spread beyond the compartment of its origin. four (4) main areas of Passive Fire Protection: 4. Firestop Systems

Through Firestop systems are those that protect penetrations that pass all the way through the barrier, whether it is a wall or a floor. In general, both sides of the penetration are sealed with the proper system.

Through Penetration four (4) main areas of Passive Fire Protection: 4. Firestop Systems

Membrane Penetration Firestop systems protect penetrations that pass through part of the barrier, but not the entire barrier. Some examples are outlet boxes, sink drains, or conduit that leads from a back-box to the space above the ceiling. Membrane penetrations use the same products and similar details to protect the opening, but there are exceptions that allow them to be unprotected if the opening is small. Another way of saying this is that there are limits to the size and density of Membrane unprotected membrane penetrations within a rated Penetration separation. four (4) main areas of Passive Fire Protection: 4. Firestop Systems

Fire Resistive Joint Systems Fire resistive joint systems protect the joints or spaces installed within or between fire rated assemblies. The most common example of a fire resistive joint system is where the wall of a rated space meets the deck of the rated floor above. You will notice that these joints are protected with fire stopping, which tends to be a red colored that spans between the two barriers.

Fire Restive Perimeter Joint Barrier four (4) main areas of Passive Fire Protection: 4. Firestop Systems

Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems The space between a rated floor slab and the inside face of a curtain wall system is a special case that is called a perimeter barrier. This is an important joint because the wall system requires a wider space than other wall systems and there could be significant movement in the joint, which could allow fire and smoke to pass through easily. The current standard used to test these systems is ASTM

E2307: Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Perimeter Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems Using Barrier Intermediate-Scale, Multi-story Test Apparatus. Tested Assemblies vs. Engineering Judgments: Tested Assemblies

Firestop Systems Tested Assemblies vs. Engineering Judgments:

Through Penetration Firestop Systems are usually tested according ASTM E814: Fire Tests of Through Penetration Fire Stops. The firestop system shall have an F-rating equal to or more than the rating of the wall penetrated. Floor penetrations shall have an F-rating and T-Rating of at least an hour, but not less than the fire resistance rating of the floor.

Fire Resistive Joint Systems are generally tested to meet UL 2079: Tests for Fire Resistance of Building Joint Systems. The joint systems shall have a tested rating of not less than that of the required rating for the assembly they are a part of.

Perimeter Barriers are tested using ASTM E2307: Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-story Test Apparatus. Tested Assemblies vs. Engineering Judgments:

What is an Engineering Judgment (EJ)? A drawing or group of drawings typically generated by a firestop manufacturer for a customer’s jobsite-specific application. They are recommended as a solution when a customer’s jobsite condition deviates from a tested firestop design/system. Tested Assemblies vs. Engineering Judgments:

What is the Purpose of an Engineering Judgment? Contractors consistently encounter unique jobsite conditions requiring new penetrations through fire-rated assemblies regardless of how many firestop systems are tested and approved by third-party testing agencies. Custom drawings are sometimes needed in order to provide the most comprehensive fire protection solution for an entire project to account for these unique applications for which a tested and approved system does not already exist. Tested Assemblies vs. Engineering Judgments:

▪ Engineering Judgments can cost up to 100-times the cost of a tested system to install and do not provide any of the liability protection and benefits of using a tested system…

▪ Engineering Judgements are not code compliant as-of-right…

▪ Engineering judgements need to be approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction over the project… Tested Assemblies vs. Engineering Judgments:

About the International Fire Council: The International Firestop Council (IFC) is a nonprofit association of manufacturers, distributors, installers, inspectors, and other key stakeholders interested in passive fire protection materials and systems in North America and abroad.

With over thirty years members’ experience, the IFC is a constant stream of innovation; over ten thousand tested assemblies; and THE Source of firestop expertise.

The International Firestop Council (IFC) provides impartial and broad- CONTACT INFORMATION: based education, information, resources, affiliation, and procedures www.firestop.org regarding firestop system selection, performance, installation , and [email protected] inspection to the construction and code-enforcement communities. Tested Assemblies vs. Engineering Judgments: International Fire Council Engineering Judgment Basic Presentation Requirements: Proper Engineering Judgments for firestop systems should:

▪ Be presented in appropriately descriptive written form with or without detail drawings where appropriate… ▪ Clearly indicate that the recommended firestop system is an Engineering Judgment… ▪ Include clear directions for the installation of the recommended firestop system ... ▪ Include dates of issue and authorization signature as well as the issuer’s name, address, and telephone number… ▪ Reference tested system(s) upon which Engineering Judgment design is based upon… ▪ Have proper justification i.e. UL, ULC, Intertek, SWRI or other independent laboratory system(s) and or opinions… ▪ Provide complete descriptions of critical elements for the firestop configuration…

Questions concerning the Engineering Judgment request should be addressed to the initiator of the design recommendation. Drawings: Drawings: ✓ Indicate the required fire protection for building structural elements as per the building construction classification…

✓ Indicate the requirements for fire-resistance-rated walls and partitions using graphic symbols to differentiate the various required fire-resistance ratings…

✓ Indicate shafts, fire stairs, mechanical & electrical rooms

✓ Indicate the requirements for fire-resistance-rated floors and roof assemblies by the use of notes...

✓ Indicated all opening protectives at fire-rated construction and key them into the appropriate schedules and/or details… Drawings: ✓ Provide general notes to provide through- penetration firestopping and membrane firestopping at those penetrations through fire-rated construction…Avoid providing specific firestopping details (if you show one you need to show them all)…

✓ Indicate firestop joint systems on building sections and details generically as “firestop joint system”…

✓ Indicate Fire Dampers & Fire/Smoke Dampers on Mechanical Drawings Specifications:

✓ 07 81 00 Applied Fireproofing

✓ 07 81 23 Intumescent Fireproofing

✓ 07 84 13 Penetration Firestopping

✓ 07 84 43 Joint Firestopping

✓ 08 11 00 Metal Doors and Frames

✓ 09 21 16.23 Gypsum Board Shaft Wall Assemblies

✓ 29 00 Gypsum Board

✓ 23 33 16 Dampers – Fire and Smoke Specifications: 07 84 13 Penetration Firestopping

Fire stop systems are typically categorized according through-penetration of: • flames • temperature • smoke

Ratings according ASTM E814, "Fire Tests of Through Penetration Fire Stops" are: F-rating, Flame Ratings: The F-rating is expressed in hours and the number indicates the specific length of time that a barrier can withstand fire before being consumed or before permitting the passage of flame through the opening. An F-rated opening shall also withstand a hose stream test.

T-rating, Thermal Ratings: The T-rating is expressed in hours and the number indicates the length of time that the temperature on the non-fire side of the penetration does not exceed 325 oF (163 oC) above the ambient temperature. This ensures that the temperature on the side of the wall away from the flame does not reach the flash point of any materials on that side of the wall.

L-rating, Smoke Ratings: The L-rating is the amount of air (or cold smoke) that can leak through a penetration and the number indicates the amount of air in cubic feet per minute. L-ratings are tested with a differential pressure of 0.30 inches water column (75 Pa) at 75 oF and at 400 oF. Specifications: 07 84 13 Penetration Firestopping ▪ The Penetration Firestopping Schedule lists Firestopping Systems using the Alpha-Numeric Identification System published in UL’s Fire Resistance Directory, Volumes 2A-2B…

▪ The Penetration Firestopping Schedule alleviates the need to provide penetration details… Specifications: 07 84 13 Penetration Firestopping ▪ understanding UL System Numbers: X-YY-0000-9999

✓ X = Represents the type of building construction being penetrated “C” = when both floors and walls can be penetrated “F” = when floors are being penetrated “W” = when walls are being penetrated

✓ YY = Further identifies the significant characteristics of the building construction

✓ 0000-9999 = A sequential number to identify the system Specifications: 07 84 13 Penetration Firestopping ▪ understanding UL System Numbers: X-YY-0000-9999

✓ YY = Further identifies the significant characteristics of the building construction “A” = Concrete floors with a minimum thickness less than or equal to 5” “B” = Concrete floors with a minimum thickness greater than 5” “C” = Framed Floor “D” = Deck construction “E thru I” = Reserved for future use “J” = Concrete or masonry walls with a minimum thickness less than or equal to 8” “K” = Concrete or masonry walls with a minimum thickness greater than 8” “L” = Framed walls “M” = Bulkheads “N thru Z” = Reserved for future use Specifications: 07 84 13 Penetration Firestopping ▪ understanding UL System Numbers: X-YY-0000-9999

✓ 0000-9999 = Sequential Number Range for various Penetrating Items Number Range Penetrating Item “0000-0999” None “1000-1999” Metal , Conduit, or Tubing “2000-2999” Non-Metallic Pipe, Conduit, or Tubing “3000-3999” Cables “4000-4999” Cables in Trays “5000-5999” Insulated Pipe “6000-6999” Miscellaneous Electrical Penetrations “7000-7999” Miscellaneous Mechanical Penetrations “8000-8999” Mixed Penetrations containing any of the penetrating items “9000-9999” Reserved for future use Specifications: 07 84 13 Joint Firestopping Submittals: ▪ Product Data: Submit product data for each type of fire-restive joint firestop system product indicated.

▪ Fire-Resistive Joint System Schedule/Plan: Submit a Fire-Resistive Joint System Schedule/Plan indicating the type of fire-resistive joint system to be installed for each joint. Indicate each kind of construction condition. Include fire-resistive joint design designation of testing and inspection agency acceptable to the authorities having jurisdiction that evidences compliance with requirements for each condition indicated. Specifications: 07 84 43 Joint Firestopping Performance Requirements: ▪ General: Provide fire-resistive joint systems that are produced and installed to resist spread of fire according to requirements indicated, resist passage of smoke and other gases, and maintain original fire-resistance rating of assembly in which fire-resistive joint systems are installed.

▪ Fire-Resistive Joint Systems in and between Fire-Resistance Rated Constructions: Provide systems with assembly ratings not less than that equaling or exceeding fire- resistance rating of constructions in which joints are located, as determined by ASTM E1966 or UL 2079. Specifications: 07 84 43 Joint Firestopping Fire-Resistive Joint System Schedule: ▪ The Fire-Resistive Joint System Schedule lists Fire-Resistive Joint A. Designation System for Joints in or between Fire-Resistance-Rated Constructions: Alphanumeric designations listed in UL's "Fire-Resistance Systems using the Alpha-Numeric Directory" under product Category XHBN. Identification System published in B. Designation System for Joints at the Intersection of Fire-Resistance- UL’s Fire Resistance Directory… Rated Floor or Floor/Ceiling Assembly: Alphanumeric designations listed in UL's "Fire Resistance Directory" under product Category XHDG.

C. Floor-to-Floor, Fire-Resistive Joint Systems: UL-Classified (FF-Series) system as required to maintain floor fire rating indicated.

D. Floor-to-Wall, Fire-Resistive Joint Systems: UL-Classified (FW-Series) system as required to maintain floor to wall fire rating indicated.

E. Head-of-Wall, Fire-Resistive Joint Systems: UL-Classified (HW-Series) system as required to maintain floor to wall fire rating indicated.

F. Bottom-of-Wall, Fire-Resistive Joint Systems: UL-Classified (BW Series) systems as required to maintain bottom of wall fire rating indicated.

G. Wall-To-Wall, Fire-Resistive Joint Systems: UL-Classified (WW-Series) system as required to maintain floor to wall fire rating indicated. Specifications: 07 84 13 Penetration Firestopping & 07 84 33 Joint Firestopping Submittals: ▪ Product Data: Submit product data for each type of through penetration firestop system and joint firestop system product indicated.

▪ Through-Penetration & Joint Firestopping Schedules/Plans: Submit a Through- Penetration & Joint Firestopping Schedules/Plans indicating the type of through- penetration & joint firestop systems to be installed. Indicate each kind of construction condition penetrated and kind of penetrating item. Include firestop design designation of testing and inspection agency acceptable to the authorities having jurisdiction that evidences compliance with requirements for each condition indicated, and listed in the "Penetration Firestopping or Fire-resistive Joint System Schedule" Specifications: 07 84 13 Penetration Firestopping & 07 84 33 Joint Firestopping Submittals: ▪ Submit documentation, including illustrations, from Underwriters Laboratories applicable to each through-penetration firestop & joint firestop system. ✓ Where Project conditions require modification of qualified testing and inspecting agency's illustration to suit a particular through-penetration firestop or joint firestop condition, submit illustration (Engineering Judgment), with modifications marked, approved by through-penetration firestop system or joint firestop system manufacturer's fire-protection engineer.

▪ Product Certificates: Signed by manufacturers of through-penetration firestop & joint firestop system products certifying that products furnished comply with requirements.

▪ At Project Closeout, submit a Record Schedule, signed by the Installer, of systems installed, the UL design designations, and the location of each system. The submittal must have the Installer's signature. Specifications: 07 84 13 Penetration Firestopping & 07 84 33 Joint Firestopping Quality Assurance: ▪ Installer Qualifications: A firm or individual certified or licensed, by firestop system manufacturer as experienced and with sufficient trained staff to install manufacturer's products according to specified requirements. A manufacturer's willingness to sell its firestop system materials to Contractor or to an installer engaged by Contractor does not in itself confer qualification on the buyer.

▪ Source Limitations: Obtain through-penetration firestop & joint firestop systems, for each kind of penetration and construction condition indicated, from a single manufacturer.

▪ Fire-Test-Response Characteristics: Provide firestop systems that comply with the following requirements: ✓ Firestop tests are performed by a qualified testing and inspecting agency. A qualified testing and inspecting agency is UL or another agency performing testing and follow-up inspection services for firestop systems acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction. ❖ Through-penetration firestop systems identical to those tested per ASTM E 814. ❖ Fire-resistive joint systems identical to those tested per ASTM E1966 Specifications: 23 33 13 Dampers – Fire and Smoke

References: Each project team should review what reference standards are appropriate for their specific project and the jurisdiction where the project is located…

AMCA 500-D – Laboratory Test Methods for Testing Dampers for Ratings. AMCA 511 - Certified Ratings Program for Air Control Devices. IBC – International Building Code. CSFM - California State Fire Marshall Listing for Fire and Smoke Damper. MEA – City of New York, Department of Buildings, Material and Acceptance Division. NFPA 90A - Installation of and Ventilating Systems. NFPA 92A - Smoke-Control Systems. NFPA 92B – Smoke Control Systems in Atria, Covered Malls, and Large Areas. NFPA 101 – Life Safety Code. UL 555 - Standard for Safety; Fire Dampers. UL 555S - Standard for Safety; Leakage Rated Dampers for Specifications: 23 33 13 Dampers – Fire and Smoke Quality Assurance: ▪ Dampers shall be tested, rated and labeled in accordance with the latest UL-555 and UL-555S requirements. ▪ Comply with NFPA 90A, "Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems," and with NFPA 90B, "Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Systems.“ ▪ Damper pressure drop ratings shall be based on tests and procedures performed in accordance with AMCA 500. Specifications: 23 33 13 Dampers – Fire and Smoke Submittals: ▪ Submit manufacturers product data for each type of damper ✓ Include UL ratings; fire-resistance; leakage; velocity; differential pressure; and elevated temperature ✓ Indicate materials; construction; dimensions; and installation details ✓ Verify conformance to NFPA, UL, and applicable building code ✓ Include damper pressure drop ✓ Include a copy of UL approved installation instructions Inspections: Third-Party Inspections are required in NYC for initial construction of: ✓ Sprayed Fire-Resistant Materials (Special Inspection) ✓ Fire-Resistant Penetrations and Joints (Special Inspection) ✓ Fire-Resistant Rated Construction (Progress Inspection)

▪ Inspecting Agency: Owner shall engage a qualified independent inspecting agency to inspect through-penetration firestop systems and to prepare test reports, as required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. ✓ Inspecting agency will state in each report whether inspected through-penetration firestop systems comply with or deviate from requirements. ▪ Contractor shall proceed with enclosing elements requiring inspection only after inspection reports are issued. ▪ Where deficiencies are found, Contractor shall repair or replace deficient elements so they comply with requirements and for reinspection. Passive Fire Protection Systems Maintenance Tips: Building Owners & Facility Managers are important stakeholders in a building’s Fire Protection Program…The bottom line is that they need to know what’s going on in their building, and keep their eyes open for any changes in the fire-protection system that could weaken its efficacy…Continuous and Thorough Maintenance is imperative... ▪ Know where the fire rated walls and slabs are in the building… ▪ Be cognizant of construction and/or maintenance upgrades that may affect the components of the building’s passive fire protection systems and make sure they are performed properly to maintain required fire resistance rating(s)… ▪ Ensure that contractors working in the building provide proper information including approved tested System Details to document workmanship… ▪ If you see a breech in the fire protection system(s) fix it immediately… ▪ Schedule regular periodic maintenance inspections of the building’s passive fire protective systems to ensure they in good condition and functioning properly.. ▪ .Building Code may provide requirements for maintenance inspections of Passive Fire Protection Systems… Panel Discussion:

While our panelists will be expressing opinions based upon their experience, it is always the responsibility of specific project team members to perform research, provide information, and seek guidance & direction for their specific projects conditions… Parting Comments from our Panelists: