Reconstructing the Eruption Source Parameters of the Avellino Eruption, Vesuvius, Italy M

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

2530 Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts Reconstructing the Eruption Source Parameters of the Avellino eruption, Vesuvius, Italy M. PORET 1, 2*, A. COSTA 1, R. SULPIZIO 3, D. MELE 3 1 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Bologna, Italy 2 University of Bologna, Geophysics Department, Bologna, Italy (*correspondence: [email protected]) 3 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy Motivation In the last ten thousand years, Vesuvius volcano produced several Plinian eruptions. The Pomici di Avellino (Avellino eruption) occurred around 3,900 years BP and heavily impacted human settlements in the region during the Early Bronze Age. Previous field studies characterized Avellino eruption in terms of its eruption dynamics, volumes and intensities. The eruption consisted of three main phases: opening, magmatic Plinian, and phreatomagmatic. Results Here we focus on the EU3 unit associated to the climax of the magmatic phase. The estimated maximum column height of this phase was around 31 km and its bulk volume around 1 km3. We present the first estimation of the Total Grain- Size Distribution (TGSD) of the tephra fallout unit EU3. The TGSD was calculated using the Voronoi tessellation method with 9 samples collected from the slope of the volcano (~ 5 km) up to Albania (~ 450 km). A sensitivity study on the influence of the tephra distribution, number of samples, and their locations was also carried out. The TGSD shows a bi-modal lognormal distribution with a coarser mode at Phi ~ 0 and a finer mode at Phi ~ 6. The reconstructed TGSD is consistent with other TGSD of Plinian and Sub- plinian deposits, such as that associated to the AD 472 (Pollena) Sub-plinian eruption. The reconstructed TGSD and the available field observations are used to constrain a tephra dispersal model, allowing us to refine the estimation of the eruption source parameters and the tephra loading associated with the EU3 unit. Our results can be used to assess the dispersal of similar Plinian eruptions that could impact the region in case of renewal activity of Vesuvius volcano. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Plume Height, Volume, and Classification of Explosive Volcanic Eruptions Based on the Weibull Function
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Bull Volcanol (2013) 75:742 DOI 10.1007/s00445-013-0742-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Plume height, volume, and classification of explosive volcanic eruptions based on the Weibull function Costanza Bonadonna & Antonio Costa Received: 30 January 2013 /Accepted: 10 June 2013 /Published online: 25 July 2013 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 Abstract The Weibull distribution between volume and volume of tephra deposits and the height of volcanic plumes square root of isopach area has been recently introduced for and for the classification of eruptive style. Nonetheless, due to determining volume of tephra deposits, which is crucial to the the typically large uncertainties (mainly due to availability of assessment of the magnitude and hazards of explosive volca- data, compilation of isopach and isopleth maps, and discrep- noes. We show how the decay of the size of the largest lithics ancies from empirical best fits), plume height, volume, and with the square root of isopleth area can also be well described magnitude of explosive eruptions cannot be considered as using a Weibull function and how plume height correlates absolute values, regardless of the technique used. It is impor- strongly with corresponding Weibull parameters. Variations tant that various empirical and analytical methods are applied of median grain size (Mdϕ) values with square root of area inordertoassesssuchanuncertainty. of the associated contours can be, similarly, well fitted with a Weibull function. Weibull parameters, derived for both the Keywords Tephra . Maximum clast . Mdϕ . Uncertainty . thinning of tephra deposits and the decrease of grain size (both Eruptive style .
[Show full text]
Life and Death in the Shadow of Vesuvius
Life and death in the shadow of Vesuvius The following Educator’s Guide for A Day in Pompeii was designed to promote personalized learning and reinforce classroom curriculum. The worksheets and classroom activities are appropriate for various grade levels and apply to proficiency standards in social studies, language arts, reading, math, science and the arts. Students are encouraged to use their investigation skills to describe, explain, analyze, summarize, record and evaluate the information presented in the exhibit. The information gathered can then be used as background research for the various Classroom Connections that relate to grade level academic content standards. In order to best suit you and your classroom needs, this Educator’s Guide has been broken up into the following areas: A. Pre-visit Information Background Information i. Vocabulary ii. Volcanism 1. Types of Volcanoes 2. Advantages of Volcanoes iii. Mt. Vesuvius iv. Pompeii Classroom Connections B. Museum Visit Information Exhibit Walk-through Exhibit Student Worksheet C. Post-visit Information Classroom Connections i. Language Arts/Social Studies ii. Science iii. Fine Arts Further Readings Ohio and National Standards PRE-VISIT INFORMATION Vocabulary Archaeologist – A scientist who studies artifacts of the near and distant past in order to develop a picture of how people lived in earlier cultures and societies. These artifacts include physical remains, such as graves, tools and pottery. Artifact – A hand-made object or the remains of an object that is characteristic of an earlier time or culture, such as an object found at an archaeological excavation. Caldera – A cauldron-like depression in the ground created by the collapse of land after a volcanic eruption.
[Show full text]
La Facies Di Palma Campania E I Suoi Rapporti Con Le Facies Coeve Dell
La facies di Palma Campania e i suoi rapporti con le facies coeve dell’Italia medio-tirrenica e dell’Italia meridionale: considerazioni alla luce delle recenti scoperte. Elena Soriano, Claude Livadie To cite this version: Elena Soriano, Claude Livadie. La facies di Palma Campania e i suoi rapporti con le facies coeve dell’Italia medio-tirrenica e dell’Italia meridionale: considerazioni alla luce delle recenti scoperte.. 2016. hal-01478165 HAL Id: hal-01478165 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01478165 Preprint submitted on 27 Feb 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Dialoghi sull’Archeologia della Magna Grecia e del Mediterraneo, Rassegna annuale di studi, ricerche e notizie di scoperte promossa dalla Fondazione Paestum Paestum (SA), 7-9 settembre 2016 La facies di Palma Campania e i suoi rapporti con le facies coeve dell’Italia medio-tirrenica e dell’Italia meridionale: considerazioni alla luce delle recenti scoperte. 1 2 E. Soriano , C. Albore Livadie 1 Dottoranda presso Aix-Marseille Université, ED 355, MMSH, Centre Camille
[Show full text]
803 14C CHRONOLOGY of AVELLINO PUMICES ERUPTION and TIMING of HUMAN REOCCUPATION of the DEVASTATED REGION Isabella Passariello1
RADIOCARBON, Vol 51, Nr 2, 2009, p 803–816 © 2009 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 14C CHRONOLOGY OF AVELLINO PUMICES ERUPTION AND TIMING OF HUMAN REOCCUPATION OF THE DEVASTATED REGION Isabella Passariello1,2 • Claude Albore Livadie3 • Pierfrancesco Talamo4 • Carmine Lubritto1 • Antonio D’Onofrio1 • Filippo Terrasi1 ABSTRACT. The Avellino Pumices eruption was one of the most catastrophic volcanic events of Somma-Vesuvius, which hit prehistoric communities during the Early Bronze Age. In the last 30 yr, several authors reported assessments about its chronology, including radiocarbon datings, but with poor internal agreement and frequently with large experimental errors. A new and more accurate 14C dating of this eruption (1935–1880 BC, 1 σ) was obtained at the CIRCE laboratory in Caserta (Italy) by 3 AMS measurements on a bone sample of a goat buried by the eruption, collected in an Early Bronze Age village at Croce del Papa (Nola, Naples). These results were verified by other measurements on several samples chronologically related to the eruption. Our data show that human resettlement after the eruption occurred rather quickly but lasted only for a short time in areas affected by the volcanic products, like Masseria Rossa and San Paolo Belsito (Nola, Naples), according to 14C dating of archaeological samples collected below and above the eruption deposits. The state-of-the-art chronology of this eruption, emerging from the results obtained in this work as well as from data in the literature, is discussed. INTRODUCTION The Avellino Pumices eruption was a catastrophic Plinian event of the Somma-Vesuvius, which occurred in Campania during the Bronze Age and severely affected the pre-protohistoric settle- ments.
[Show full text]
Interview Questions: Menke
Seismologist Bill Menke Answers Questions about Mt Vesuvius Prepared for National Geographic, February 2, 2009 In general terms, describe Vesuvius for me … where is it, what does it look like, what kind of volcano is it? o From Naples, it appears as prominent, nearby (6 mi) mountain o It’s only 4200 feet tall, so it doesn’t really tower over the city o Unlike say My Fuji in Japan it has two humps, not a single peak o the lower one Mt Somma is forested, an older volcano o the newer one, covered with grey volcanic ash is newer, Vesuvius o Vesuvius is stratovolcano, alternating layers, ash & lava o geologically, an arc volcano assoc w/ Calabrian subduction zone o collision of the African and Eurasian plates What makes Vesuvius different from other volcanoes? o difference is location – near a major city, Naples o no so different from other arc volcanos, Krakatau, St. Helens, Pele o very different from hotspot volcanos such as in Hawaii and Iceland . more explosive o youngish for a volcano, 18ka Why should it be considered dangerous? o It demonstrably is dangerous. Check out the 1000+ bodies in Pompeii Will Vesuvius erupt again? o Absolutely Can we tell when it will erupt next or what type of eruption it will be? o We cannot predict either the date or size of the next eruption o We can say something about the probabilities by studying the pattern of past eruptions o five large (VEI 5) eruptions in last 18 thousand years, so one every 3600 years, on average.
[Show full text]
Somma Vesuvius: the Volcano and the Observatory
Somma Vesuvius: the Volcano and the Observatory Field trip guidebook – REAKT Mauro Antonio Di Vito, Monica Piochi, Angela Mormone, Anna Tramelli Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, sezione Osservatorio Vesuviano Field Leaders Mauro Antonio Di Vito, Monica Piochi Naples, September 22th, 2011 1 Pubblicazione di AMRA S.c. a r.l. Via Nuova Agnano 11, Napoli www.amracenter.com Realizzazione doppiavoce www.doppiavoce.it Finito di stampare a Napoli nel mese di settembre 2011 presso Officine Grafiche Francesco Giannini & Figli S.p.A. 2 PREFACE The present guidebook was prepared for the fieldtrip during the Kick off meeting of the project titled “Strategies and tools for Real Time Earthqua- ke RisK ReducTion” (REAKT). It reports information on the geology of the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic area and illustrates the sites visited during the field excursion. The guide mostly benefited of contributions coming from some previous guidebooks (Cioni et al., 1995; Orsi et al., 1998); it also in- cludes some interesting results available in the main and most recent litera- ture. The fieldtrip will be devoted to illustrating i) the major morphological and structural features of the Somma-Vesuvius volcano, and ii) the deposits of the eruptions and their impact on the territory. The trip will end with the tour of the Osservatorio Vesuviano edifice that preserves the memory of the oldest volcanological observatory in the world and hosts a museum and two scientific exibitions. INTRODUCTION Somma-Vesuvius (Fig. 1) is an active volcano, one of the most dangerous on the Earth. More than half a million people live in a nearly continuous belt of towns and villages built around the volcano, in the area immediately threatened by possible future eruptions.
[Show full text]
Here the Substantial Early Bronze Age Population of Campania Could Have Flown To, and What Impacts It Would Have Had There
Participant Affiliation Contact Albore Livadie, Claude French national centre for scientific research & [email protected] Archeologia-Lettere, Università Suor Orsola Benincasa di Napoli Alessandri, Luca Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen [email protected] Attema, Peter Institute of Archaeology, University of Groningen [email protected] Arienzo, Ilenia Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, [email protected] Sect Osservatorio Vesuviano, Naples Bakels, Corrie Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University [email protected] Blong, Russell Aon Benfield Group, Sydney, Australia [email protected] Bruins, Hendrik Bona Terra Department of Man in the Desert, [email protected] Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (Israel) Di Rita, Federico Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza [email protected] University of Rome de Vita, Sandro Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, [email protected] Sect Osservatorio Vesuviano, Naples Di Vito, Mauro National institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, [email protected] Rome Doorenbosch, Marieke Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University [email protected] Driessen, Jan Faculté de philosophie, arts et lettres, Université [email protected] catholique de Louvain Field, Michael Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University [email protected] Grattan, John Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, [email protected] University of Wales, Aberystwyth (UK) Pacciarelli, Marco University of Naples (Italy) [email protected]
[Show full text]
AMQ Abs Divito Et Al TEPRO 205-208.Pub
Available online http://amq.aiqua.it ISSN (online): 2279-7335 Alpine and Mediterranean Quaternary, Vol. 31 (Quaternary: Past, Present, Future - AIQUA Conference, Florence, 13-14/06/2018), 205 - 208 https://doi.org/10.26382/AIQUA.2018.AIQUAconference THE VESUVIUS POMICI DI AVELLINO PLINIAN ERUPTION AND RELATED PHENOMENA: EFFECTS ON THE BRONZE AGE LANDSCAPE OF CAMPANIA REGION (SOUTHERN ITALY) Mauro Antonio Di Vito1, Pierfrancesco Talamo 2, Ilaria Rucco 1, Halinka Di Lorenzo 3 1 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli Osservatorio Vesuviano, Napoli, Italy 2 Parco Archeologico dei Campi Flegrei, MiBACT, Napoli, Italy 3 DiSTAR, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Italy Corresponding author: M.A. Di Vito <[email protected]> ABSTRACT: The Vesuvian Pomici di Avellino eruption affected an area densely inhabited by Early Bronze Age human communities and resulted in the long term abandonment of an extensive zone surrounding the volcano. The study of geological and archaeological se- quences have yielded an understanding of the eruption local effects and of their duration. The territory was rapidly abandoned during the eruption. Only few settlements were found of phases 1 and 2 of the Middle Bronze Age in most of the area affected by the eruption. We interpret this as due to diffuse phenomena of remobilization of the erupted pyroclastics, generating long lasting alluvial processes. A significant resettlement of the territory occurred only hundreds of years after the eruption, during phase 3 of the Middle Bronze Age. KEYWORDS: Plinian eruption, volcanoclastic mass flow, Vesuvius, bronze age, eruption impact 1. INTRODUCTION recent excavations permitted the creation of a dataset with information on more than 300 sites in the Cam- Plinian eruptions are among the most dangerous panian Plain and in the surrounding Apennine valleys.
[Show full text]
The Effects of the Avellino Pumice Eruption on the Population
4XDWHUQDU\,QWHUQDWLRQDO ² Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint The effects of the Avellino Pumice eruption on the population of the Early 7 Bronze age Campanian plain (Southern Italy) Claude Albore Livadiea,∗, Mark Pearceb, Matteo Delle Donned,e, Natascia Pizzanoc a Emeritus Research Director, CNRS, MMSH, Centre Camille Jullian, Archéologie Méditerranéenne et Africaine - UMR 7299 (AMU - CNRS) 5 rue du Château de l’Horloge, 13094 Aix en Provence, France b Professor of Mediterranean Prehistory, Department of Classics and Archaeology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK c Istituto per le Tecnologie Applicate ai Beni Culturali - CNR, Area della Ricerca 1, Montelibretti, Roma, Italy d Research Fellow, Department of Asian, African and Mediterranean Studies, University of Naples “L'Orientale”, Piazza S. Domenico Maggiore, 12, 80134 Naples, Italy e ISMEO - International Association of Mediterranean and Oriental Studies, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 244, 00186 Rome, Italy ABSTRACT Palma Campania, the type-site of the Early Bronze Age Palma Campania culture, was covered by the products of the Avellino Pumice eruption, and was thus preserved in a similar way to the Roman sites in Campania covered by the AD 79 eruption. The devastating effects of this Plinian eruption led to the belief that it had killed a large part of the local population and/or caused large-scale emigration and landscape desertification. However, new sites have been found that were established shortly after the eruption and geoarchaeological studies of areas close to the Somma-Vesuvius volcano (Boscoreale, Boscotrecase, Torre Annunziata/Oplontis, Pompeii) and also further away (the Benevento area, Irpinia and the Salerno area) have shown continuity of occupation after the Avellino Pumice eruption and during the later, Middle Bronze Age, AP1 and AP2 eruptions.
[Show full text]
Hydrological and Stability Modelling of Initial Landslides Triggering Debris
UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II FACOLTÀ DI SCIENZE MM. FF .NN. DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN SCIENZE DELLA TERRA XXIII CICLO HYDROLOGICAL AND STABILITY MODELLING OF INITIAL LANDSLIDES TRIGGERING DEBRIS FLOWS IN ASH-FALL DEPOSITS COVERING HILLSLOPES SURROUNDING SOMMA-VESUVIUS (SOUTHERN ITALY). Candidato: Dott.ssa Elisabetta Napolitano Tutor: Prof. Pantaleone De Vita Co-Tutor: Jonathan Godt Coordinatore del Dottorato: Prof. Maria Boni Anno Accademico 2010/2011 Abstract Abstract Rainfall-induced debris flows involving ash-fall pyroclastic deposits covering steep mountain slopes that surround the Somma-Vesuvius volcano, are natural events representing the main cause of risk for urban settlements located at footslopes. The presented research was based on the review of the wide scientific literature and was aimed to the improvement of some crucial aspects regarding the initiation of debris flows by means of field and laboratory experimental methods and modelling applied in representative sample areas of the Sarno Mountain Range, where deadly flow- like landslides initiated on May 5th - 6th 1998. Detailed stratigraphic and topographic surveys carried out in three representative initiation areas led to recognise that, depending on the slope angle, ash-fall pyroclastic deposits are discontinuously distributed along slopes, showing a total thickness that varies from a maximum value recognisable in the slope angle range lower than 30° up to be negligible for slope angle values greater than 50°, thus being strongly related to bedrock morphology
[Show full text]
Pordid2020.Pdf
G Model VOLGEO-106683; No. of Pages 17 ARTICLE IN PRESS Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research xxx (xxxx) xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jvolgeores Characterizing magma fragmentation and its relationship with eruptive styles of Somma-Vesuvius volcano (Naples, Italy) a,∗ b d c Matthieu Poret , Miriana Di Donato , Antonio Costa , Roberto Sulpizio , c b Daniela Mele , Federico Lucchi a Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Clermont-Ferrand, France b Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Bologna, Italy c Università di Bari, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Bari, Italy d Istituto Nazionale di Geoﬁsica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Among the active volcanoes worldwide, Somma-Vesuvius is one with the highest volcanic risk as the Received 6 May 2019 surrounding areas are highly populated. Somma-Vesuvius is quiescent since 1944, but geological and Received in revised form 1 October 2019 historical records reveal a frequent violent explosive activity in the last 4000 years, representing a severe Accepted 2 October 2019 risk for the ∼700,000 inhabitants currently living in the area having a high probability for being impacted Available online xxx by pyroclastic density currents (“red zone”) and more than one million people who can be potentially affected by tephra fallout. This study aims to analyze the distribution and grain-size of tephra fallout Keywords: deposits from several Somma-Vesuvius eruptions of different styles, ranging from Violent Strombolian Total grain-size distribution to sub-Plinian and Plinian, for characterizing the associated magmatic fragmentation through the assess- Bulk granulometry ment of their total grain-size distribution (TGSD).
[Show full text]
The Avellino 3780-Yr-B.P. Catastrophe As a Worst-Case Scenario for a Future Eruption at Vesuvius
The Avellino 3780-yr-B.P. catastrophe as a worst-case scenario for a future eruption at Vesuvius Giuseppe Mastrolorenzo*, Pierpaolo Petrone†, Lucia Pappalardo*, and Michael F. Sheridan‡§ *Osservatorio Vesuviano, Istituto Nazionale di Geoﬁsica e Vulcanologia, via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Naples, Italy; †Museo di Antropologia, Centro Musei delle Scienze Naturali, Universita`degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Naples, Italy; and ‡Department of Geology, 876 Natural Science Complex, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 Edited by George A. Thompson, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and approved January 20, 2006 (received for review October 4, 2005) A volcanic catastrophe even more devastating than the famous anno Domini 79 Pompeii eruption occurred during the Old Bronze Age at Vesuvius. The 3780-yr-B.P. Avellino plinian eruption pro- duced an early violent pumice fallout and a late pyroclastic surge sequence that covered the volcano surroundings as far as 25 km away, burying land and villages. Here we present the reconstruc- tion of this prehistoric catastrophe and its impact on the Bronze Age culture in Campania, drawn from an interdisciplinary volca- nological and archaeoanthropological study. Evidence shows that a sudden, en masse evacuation of thousands of people occurred at the beginning of the eruption, before the last destructive plinian column collapse. Most of the fugitives likely survived, but the desertiﬁcation of the total habitat due to the huge eruption size caused a social–demographic collapse and the abandonment of the entire area for centuries. Because an event of this scale is capable of devastating a broad territory that includes the present metro- politan district of Naples, it should be considered as a reference for the worst eruptive scenario at Vesuvius.
[Show full text]