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Department of Materials Science U a L
A N N Department of Materials Science U A L R E P O R Glass and Ceramics T 2 0 1 5 Preface In June 2015 we could welcome our new colleague Prof. Kyle G. Webber heading the func- tional ceramics department. Together with two research fellows from his DFG funded Emmy- Noether-Group he started his research activities in the field of ferroelectric ceramics. After transfer of unique experimental facilities from TU Darmstadt to FAU Erlangen his experimental equipment is ready for work. In the glass department (Prof. Dominique de Ligny) research centers on a better understanding of light interaction with glass as well as response to external stress. Laser glass interaction is ex- plored for new functionalization of glass by surface texturing. The disordered structure of glass imposes the development of specific instrumentation as vibrational spectroscopy. A new setup coupling Raman and Brillouin spectroscopy as well as a calorimeter allows new and unique pro- spective ways. In the biomaterials department (Prof. Stephan E. Wolf), the DFG funded Emmy-Noether- Research Group on biomimetic materials started the research activities after completing the refur- nishment of the laboratories. Work is focused on identifying the process-structure-property rela- tionships in biominerals and subsequent in vitro mimesis by biomimetic crystallization at ambient conditions. Initial results were published in Nature Communications (see publications). Work of the research group on cellular ceramics (Dr. Tobias Fey) is centered on microstruc- ture characterisation applying X-ray microtomography and testing of the mechanical and thermal properties of cellular ceramics. Massive strain amplification lattice structures were investigated by experimental and theoretical approaches. -
Sol-Gel 1 Sol-Gel
Sol-gel 1 Sol-gel In materials science, the sol-gel process is a method for producing solid materials from small molecules. The method is used for the fabrication of metal oxides, especially the oxides of silicon and titanium. The process involves conversion of monomers into a colloidal solution (sol) that acts as the precursor for an integrated network (or gel) of either discrete particles or network polymers. Typical precursors are metal alkoxides. Stages in the process In this chemical procedure, the 'sol' (or solution) gradually evolves towards the formation of a gel-like diphasic system containing both a liquid phase and solid phase whose morphologies range from discrete particles to continuous polymer networks. In the case of the colloid, the volume fraction of particles (or particle density) may be so low that a significant amount of fluid may need to be removed initially for the gel-like properties to be recognized. This can be accomplished in any number of ways. The simplest method is to allow time for sedimentation to occur, and then pour off the remaining liquid. Centrifugation can also be used to accelerate the process of phase Schematic representation of the different stages separation. and routes of the sol-gel technology. Removal of the remaining liquid (solvent) phase requires a drying process, which is typically accompanied by a significant amount of shrinkage and densification. The rate at which the solvent can be removed is ultimately determined by the distribution of porosity in the gel. The ultimate microstructure of the final component will clearly be strongly influenced by changes imposed upon the structural template during this phase of processing. -
Crystallization Kinetics of Chalcogenide Glasses
2 Crystallization Kinetics of Chalcogenide Glasses Abhay Kumar Singh Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India 1. Introduction 1.1 Background of chalcogenides Chalcogenide glasses are disordered non crystalline materials which have pronounced tendency their atoms to link together to form link chain. Chalcogenide glasses can be obtained by mixing the chalcogen elements, viz, S, Se and Te with elements of the periodic table such as Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, As, Sb and Bi, Ag, Cd, Zn etc. In these glasses, short-range inter-atomic forces are predominantly covalent: strong in magnitude and highly directional, whereas weak van der Waals' forces contribute significantly to the medium-range order. The atomic bonding structure is, in general more rigid than that of organic polymers and more flexible than that of oxide glasses. Accordingly, the glass-transition temperatures and elastic properties lay in between those of these materials. Some metallic element containing chalcogenide glasses behave as (super) ionic conductors. These glasses also behave as semiconductors or, more strictly, they are a kind of amorphous semi-conductors with band gap energies of 1±3eV (Fritzsche, 1971). Commonly, chalcogenide glasses have much lower mechanical strength and thermal stability as compared to existing oxide glasses, but they have higher thermal expansion, refractive index, larger range of infrared transparency and higher order of optical non-linearity. It is difficult to define with accuracy when mankind first fabricated its own glass but sources demonstrate that it discovered 10,000 years back in time. It is also difficult to point in time, when the field of chalcogenide glasses started. -
Contents I Programme 3
Contents I Programme 3 II Talks 17 III Posters 93 Index 139 1 2 Part I Programme 3 16.00 Sunday, 17 March Uli Buchenau Opening Chairman: Giulio Monaco 16.15 FromFrancesco in-silico Sciortino intuitions to experimental realizations with limited-valence 16.35DNA-made nanoparticles Philipp Maass 16.55Non-equilibrium phase transitions in driven Brownian motion HeterogeneousFelix Lehmkühler local order in soft matter systems studied by X-ray cross 17.15correlation methods Roberta Angelini 17.30Phase behaviour and rheology of multi-responsive soft microgels Lara Frenzel Anomalous Dynamics of Concentrated Silica-PNIPAm Nanogels 17.45 - 18.15 Coffee Break 4 Chairman: Walter Kob 18.15 Aleksandar Matic 18.35Structure and dynamics of ionic liquids and other highly concentrated electrolytes Stefano Mossa 18.55The fate of an ionic liquid confined in a nanopore Luca Leuzzi 19.15Learning Transmission Matrices in Complex and Random Media Charlotte Petersen 19.30Anomalous transport in soft percolating host structures InfluenceDmitriy Sokolov of deposition temperature and impurities on the refractive indices of thin films of methanol and ethanol 20.15 21.15 Dinner Poster session 5 Monday, 18 March Chairman: Uli Buchenau Morning 8.30 HowMiguel universal Angel Ramos are "universal" anomalous properties of glasses at low tempera- 8.50tures? Multi-scaleRoberto Piazza relaxation in aging gels: from localized plastic events to system- 9.10spanning "quakes" Magdaleno Medina-Noyola 9.30Interference between the glass, gel, and gas-liquid transitions Federico Zontone 9:45Short-time dynamics of confined colloids probed by high-energy coherent X-rays Raffaele Pastore 10.00Influence of wall heterogeneity on polymer nano-sandwiches MeasuringMarco Leonetti intensity correlation length in the bulk of a strongly scattering material 10.15 - 10.45 Coffee Break 6 Chairman: Josep Lluis Tamarit 10.45 Walter Kob 11.05On the structure of liquids: More order than expected ABeatrice microscopic Ruta picture of the atomic motion during polyamorphism in an ultra- 11.25viscous liquid Tristan A. -
The Role of Local Structure in Dynamical Arrest
Physics Reports 560 (2015) 1–75 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Physics Reports journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/physrep The role of local structure in dynamical arrest C. Patrick Royall a,b,c,∗, Stephen R. Williams d a HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK b School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK c Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK d Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia article info a b s t r a c t Article history: Amorphous solids, or glasses, are distinguished from crystalline solids by their lack of long- Accepted 17 November 2014 range structural order. At the level of two-body structural correlations, glassformers show Available online 4 December 2014 no qualitative change upon vitrifying from a supercooled liquid. Nonetheless the dynamical editor: Randall Kamien properties of a glass are so much slower that it appears to take on the properties of a solid. While many theories of the glass transition focus on dynamical quantities, a solid's Keywords: resistance to flow is often viewed as a consequence of its structure. Here we address the Geometric frustration viewpoint that this remains the case for a glass. Recent developments using higher-order Locally favoured structures Model glassforming systems measures show a clear emergence of structure upon dynamical arrest in a variety of glass formers and offer the tantalising hope of a structural mechanism for arrest. However a rigorous fundamental identification of such a causal link between structure and arrest remains elusive. -
Unraveling the Crystallization Kinetics of Supercooled Liquid Gete By
Article pubs.acs.org/crystal Unraveling the Crystallization Kinetics of Supercooled Liquid GeTe by Ultrafast Calorimetry † ‡ § ‡ † § ‡ † † Yimin Chen, , , Guoxiang Wang, Lijian Song, , Xiang Shen,*, Junqiang Wang,*, Juntao Huo, ‡ † ‡ ‡ ‡ Rongping Wang, Tiefeng Xu, , Shixun Dai, and Qiuhua Nie † Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China ‡ Laboratory of Infrared Material and Devices & Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Advanced Technology Research Institute, Ningbo, 315211, China § University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Crystallization kinetics of phase change materials (PCMs) at high temperatures is of key importance for the extreme speed of data writing and erasing. In this work, the crystallization behavior of one of the typical PCMs, GeTe, has been studied using ultrafast differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at high heating rates up to 4 × 104 Ks−1. A strong non-Arrhenius temperature-dependent viscosity has been observed. We considered two viscosity models for estimating the crystal growth kinetics ffi coe cient (Ukin). The results showed that the MYEGA model was more suitable to describe the temperature-dependent viscosity and the crystal growth kinetics for supercooled liquid GeTe. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and fragility m were estimated to be 432.1 K and 130.7, respectively. The temperature-dependent crystal growth rates, which were extrapolated by the MYEGA model, were in line with the experimental results that were measured by in situ transmission electron microscopy at a given temperature. The crystal growth rate reached a maximum of 3.5 m s−1 at 790 K. -
Measurement of Crystal Growth Velocity in a Melt-Quenched Phase-Change Material
ARTICLE Received 26 Mar 2013 | Accepted 29 Jul 2013 | Published 29 Aug 2013 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3371 OPEN Measurement of crystal growth velocity in a melt-quenched phase-change material Martin Salinga1, Egidio Carria1, Andreas Kaldenbach1, Manuel Bornho¨fft2, Julia Benke1, Joachim Mayer2 & Matthias Wuttig1 Phase-change materials are the basis for next-generation memory devices and reconfigurable electronics, but fundamental understanding of the unconventional kinetics of their phase transitions has been hindered by challenges in the experimental quantification. Here we obtain deeper understanding based on the temperature dependence of the crystal growth velocity of the phase-change material AgInSbTe, as derived from laser-based time-resolved reflectivity measurements. We observe a strict Arrhenius behaviour for the growth velocity over eight orders of magnitude (from B10 nm s À 1 to B1msÀ 1). This can be attributed to the formation of a glass at elevated temperatures because of rapid quenching of the melt. Further, the temperature dependence of the viscosity is derived, which reveals that the supercooled liquid phase must have an extremely high fragility (4100). Finally, the new experimental evidence leads to an interpretation, which comprehensively explains existing data from various different experiments reported in literature. 1 I. Physikalisches Institut (IA) and JARA-FIT, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstrae 14, 52074 Aachen, Germany. 2 Gemeinschaftslabor fu¨r Elektronenmikroskopie, RWTH Aachen University, Ahornstrae 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.S. (email: [email protected]). NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 4:2371 | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3371 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 & 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. -
Structure of Liquid Phase Change Material Aginsbte from Density Functional/ Molecular Dynamics Simulations J
Structure of liquid phase change material AgInSbTe from density functional/ molecular dynamics simulations J. Akola, and R. O. Jones Citation: Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 251905 (2009); View online: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3157166 View Table of Contents: http://aip.scitation.org/toc/apl/94/25 Published by the American Institute of Physics Articles you may be interested in Nanoscale nuclei in phase change materials: Origin of different crystallization mechanisms of Ge2Sb2Te5 and AgInSbTe Journal of Applied Physics 115, 063506 (2014); 10.1063/1.4865295 Nucleation of films employed in phase-change media Journal of Applied Physics 99, 064907 (2006); 10.1063/1.2184428 Crystallization kinetics of sputter-deposited amorphous AgInSbTe films Journal of Applied Physics 90, 3816 (2001); 10.1063/1.1405141 Evidence for thermally assisted threshold switching behavior in nanoscale phase-change memory cells Journal of Applied Physics 119, 025704 (2016); 10.1063/1.4938532 Investigation of switching region in superlattice phase change memories AIP Advances 6, 105104 (2016); 10.1063/1.4964729 Low power phase change memory switching of ultra-thin In3Sb1Te2 nanowires Applied Physics Letters 109, 213103 (2016); 10.1063/1.4968510 APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 94, 251905 ͑2009͒ Structure of liquid phase change material AgInSbTe from density functional/molecular dynamics simulations ͒ J. Akola1,2,3 and R. O. Jones1,a 1Institut für Festkörperforschung, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany 2Nanoscience Center, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland 3Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland ͑Received 20 April 2009; accepted 28 May 2009; published online 23 June 2009͒ The liquid phase of the AgInSbTe phase change material Ag3.5In3.8Sb75.0Te17.7 has been studied using molecular dynamics/density functional simulations. -
Study of the Glass Press Molding Process
Study of the glass press molding process Diplomová práce Studijní program: N2301 – Mechanical Engineering Studijní obor: 2302T010 – Machines and Equipment Design Autor práce: Selma Kunosic Vedoucí práce: doc. Ing. Tomáš Vít, Ph.D. Liberec 2016 Study of the glass press molding process Diploma thesis Study programme: N2301 – Mechanical Engineering Study branch: 2302T010 – Machines and Equipment Design Author: Selma Kunosic Supervisor: doc. Ing. Tomáš Vít, Ph.D. Liberec 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1. Glass versus plastics as lens materials .................................................................................... 9 1.2. Advantages and benefits ......................................................................................................... 9 2. Research objectives ....................................................................................................................... 11 3. Literature overview ....................................................................................................................... 12 4. About the process ......................................................................................................................... 14 4.1. Heating cycle ......................................................................................................................... 15 4.2. Soaking cycle ........................................................................................................................ -
Undergraduate Research
UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SUMMER POSTER SESSION ABSTRACT BOOK Wednesday, July 31, 2019 Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Building Lobby Morning Session 10:00 AM – 12:00 PM Afternoon Session 3:00 PM – 5:00 PM LAUNCH UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH LAUNCH Undergraduate Research Summer Poster Session Wednesday, July 31, 2019 Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Building Lobby Morning Session 10:00 AM – 12:00 PM Featured Summer Programs: 1. Aggie Research Program 2. Aggie STEM 3. Astronomical Research and Instrumentation (Physics & Astronomy REU) 4. CARTEEH 5. Chemistry REU 6. Cyclotron REU 7. Energy and Propulsion REU 8. Engineering Undergraduate Summer Research Grant (USRG) Program 9. Halliburton Engineering Global Program 10. IIT Kanpur/TAMU Exchange Program 11. Metrology and Non-Destructive Inspection REU 12. TTI Safe-D Afternoon Session 3:00 PM – 5:00 PM Featured Summer Programs: 1. Aggie Creative Collective 2. Atmospheric Science in the Gulf Coast Region (ATMO REU) 3. Biochemistry REU 4. Biomechanical Environments Laboratory (BMEL) Undergraduate Research Program 5. College of Architecture SURE 6. College of Medicine Summer Undergraduate Research Program 7. Costa Rica REU 8. Glasscock Summer Scholars 9. Observing the Ocean REU 10. Ocean and Coastal Research Experiences for Undergraduates (OCEANUS) REU 11. SURE EnMed 12. Summer Undergraduate Research Program in Genetics and Genomics 13. U.S. Department of Agriculture Water Quality REU Table of Contents Morning Session (10:00 AM – 12:00 PM) Poster 1. Jesse Martinez Page 2 Reaching Higher Blocking Temperatures for Single-Molecule Magnets using Borolide Capping Ligands Poster 2. Andrew Brown Page 2 Morphological and Electronic Properties of Diacetylene-thiol Assemblies on Au(111) Surfaces Poster 3. -
View of Titanium Zirconium (Tizr) Alloys for Use in Endosseous Dental Implants
Anuradha Tiwari et al, Int. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine (IJPSM), Vol.4 Issue. 7, July- 2019, pg. 1-21 ISSN: 2519-9889 Impact Factor: 3.426 GEL LOADED DENTAL IMPLANT: A DEMIURGIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR TREATMENT OF GINGIVITIS Anuradha Tiwari*; Deepak Kumar Gupta@; Raju Choukse; Sourabh Jain; Rakesh Patel; Karunakar Shukla DR. APJ ABDUL KALAM UNIVERSITY, BYPASS ROAD, ARANDIA VILLAGE, POST JHALARIA, INDORE (M.P) – 452016 @ [email protected], Tel- +918827666607 ABSTRACT- The main objective of the project was to develop a dental implant for the patients suffering from oral gingivitis caused by bacterial infection, trauma etc. Person suffering from Gingivitis has chance to miss the medication during travel. For optimization of formula for the gel six batches were taken in which different amount of drug and polymer were added and observation were recorded. Six batches of gel were prepared by changing the polymer ratio. Six batches of gel were prepared by changing the polymer ratio. Three batches consist of carbopol whereas three batches consist of chitosan. Triclosan was added in all gel was subjected to in-vitro characterization it was observed that the in case batches containing chitosan, the gel formed by hazy and it contain come particulate matter also whereas the gel formed in case of carbopol were clear. Formulation f1 and f2 were less viscous and gel did not formed completely whereas formulation f4, f5, and f6, the gel formed was also less viscous as well as hazy. This could be due to the incorporation of chitosan in f4, f5, and f6 formulation which derived from chitin and it may not imbibe large amount of water to result in formulation of efficient gel. -
Crystallization Kinetics of Sputter-Deposited Amorphous Aginsbte Films Walter K
Crystallization kinetics of sputter-deposited amorphous AgInSbTe films Walter K. Njoroge and Matthias Wuttig Citation: Journal of Applied Physics 90, 3816 (2001); doi: 10.1063/1.1405141 View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1405141 View Table of Contents: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/90/8?ver=pdfcov Published by the AIP Publishing Articles you may be interested in Improved phase-change characteristics of Zn-doped amorphous Sb7Te3 films for high-speed and low-power phase change memory Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 031914 (2013); 10.1063/1.4816062 Studies on melt-quenched AgInSbTe system AIP Conf. Proc. 1512, 38 (2013); 10.1063/1.4790899 Crystallization and high temperature shape memory behavior of sputter-deposited NiMnCoIn thin films Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 173102 (2010); 10.1063/1.3407670 Study on the crystallization by an electrical resistance measurement in Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 and N-doped Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 films J. Appl. Phys. 102, 113507 (2007); 10.1063/1.2818104 Atomic force microscopy measurements of crystal nucleation and growth rates in thin films of amorphous Te alloys Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 5240 (2004); 10.1063/1.1764591 Reuse of AIP Publishing content is subject to the terms at: https://publishing.aip.org/authors/rights-and-permissions. Download to IP: 41.89.10.241 On: Wed, 15 Jun 2016 08:40:52 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS VOLUME 90, NUMBER 8 15 OCTOBER 2001 Crystallization kinetics of sputter-deposited amorphous AgInSbTe films Walter K. Njoroge I. Physikalisches Institut der RWTH Aachen, D-52056 Aachen, Germany and Department of Physics, Kenyatta University, P.O.