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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,359,664 B1 Faris (45) Date of Patent: *Mar

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,359,664 B1 Faris (45) Date of Patent: *Mar USOO6359664B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,359,664 B1 Faris (45) Date of Patent: *Mar. 19, 2002 (54) ELECTRO-OPTICAL DISPLAY SYSTEM FOR 5,096,520 A 3/1992 Faris ........................... 349/15 VISUALLY DISPLAYING POLARIZED 5,327.285. A 7/1994 Faris .......................... 359/483 SPATIALLY MULTIPLEXED IMAGES OF 3-D 5,553,203 A 9/1996 Faris .......................... 395/115 OBJECTS FOR USE IN 5,686.975 A * 11/1997 Lipton ......................... 349/15 STEREOSCOPCALLY VIEWING THE SAME 5,699,184 A 12/1997 Hall ............................ 349/15 WITH HIGH IMAGE QUALITY AND RESOLUTION FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inventor: Sadeg M. Faris, Pleasantville, NY (US) JP 62-217790 9/1987 (73) ASSignee: Reveo, Inc., Elmsford, NY (US) OTHER PUBLICATIONS (*) Notice: This patent issued on a continued pros “Low Cost Universal Stereoscopic Virtual Reality Inter ecution application filed under 37 CFR 1.53(d), and is subject to the twenty year faces” by Michael Stark, 3D TV Corp. patent term provisions of 35 U.S.C. 154(a)(2). * cited by examiner Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Primary Examiner William L. Sikes U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. ASSistant Examiner-Dung Nguyen (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm- Thomas Perkowski PC; This patent is Subject to a terminal dis Gerow D. Brill claimer. (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 08/678,778 An electro-optical display System for Visually displaying a polarized spatially multiplexed image (SMI) of a 3-D object (22) Filed: Jul. 11, 1996 for use in Stereoscopic viewing thereof with high image Related U.S. Application Data quality and resolution. The electro-optical display System comprises a liquid crystal display device and a micropolar (63) Continuation of application No. 08/126,077, filed on Sep. ization panel of electrically-passive construction, laminated 23, 1993, now Pat. No. 5,537,144, which is a continuation thereto. The liquid crystal display device Visually displays a of application No. 07/536,190, filed on Jun. 11, 1990, now composite pixel pattern representative of a Spatially multi abandoned. plexed image composed of first and Second Spatially modu (51) Int. Cl." ......................... G02F1/1335; G02F 1/26; lated perspective images of the object. The polarized light HO4N 9/47 passing through first and Second optically transparent pat (52) U.S. Cl. ............................. 349/15; 349/96; 349/98; terns in the micropolarization panel form a polarized SMI 359/23: 348/58 which can be used to stereoscopically view the 3-D object (58) Field of Search .............................. 349/96, 98, 15; with high image quality and resolution, by Viewing the same 359/15, 23: 348/58, 48 through an electrically-passive pair of polarizing eyeglasses. The present invention provides a simple, inexpensive and (56) References Cited thus practical way to practice the SMI display technique in electro-optical image display Systems. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 2,385,687 A 9/1945 Carnahan et al. 17 Claims, 11 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent Mar. 19, 2002. Sheet 1 of 11 US 6,359,664 B1 FIG. 1 (PRIOR ART) 5 8 I-1 -P Ny- 15 6 FIG 2 (PRIOR ART) U.S. Patent Mar 19, 2002. Sheet 2 of 11 US 6,359,664 B1 Plane Wave Transverse Plane FIG. 4 (PRIOR ART) U.S. Patent Mar. 19, 2002. Sheet 3 of 11 US 6,359,664 B1 To Xmitter or Processor 29 FIG. 6 (PRIOR ART) U.S. Patent Mar. 19, 2002. Sheet 4 of 11 US 6,359,664 B1 FIG 7 (PRIOR ART) U.S. Patent Mar. 19, 2002. Sheet 5 of 11 US 6,359,664 B1 P2PPPPPPPPP ti FIG. 9 U.S. Patent Mar. 19, 2002. Sheet 6 of 11 US 6,359,664 B1 40 s ar e w up to Y at Mim a 41 39 48 49 FIG 1b. U.S. Patent Mar. 19, 2002. Sheet 7 of 11 US 6,359,664 B1 U.S. Patent Mar. 19, 2002. Sheet 8 of 11 US 6,359,664 B1 64 65-- T. FIG.13a - FIG. 13c is is is is FIG. 13d 67N--a as as a FIG 13e 68 6,444--F Za FIG 13f N-77NZZZZYZZZZYZZZSSY FIG 3 g 70N,77 RSYNSZZZZYSOZZZZNSYNZZZY -- - - - - - - - 7 --- ses4ar 4a2.4a24a FIG. 13h U.S. Patent Mar. 19, 2002 Sheet 9 of 11 US 6,359,664 B1 73 72 s FIG. 14a 66 arraraamaaaaaaa, FIG. 14b treateriterreires FIG. 14c Or Er r - FIG.14d 73 74 N R-s-XX XX O2 KXXX XOXO. FIG. 14e U.S. Patent Mar 19, 2002. Sheet 10 of 11 US 6,359,664 B1 | || || || || 75 9-Ye Ngo F.G. 15a 9 NoPIP2PIP2PIP2PP2P P2PTP23. -RT. TRL, IL. R. L. R. L. R. L-so 77 U.S. Patent Mar. 19, 2002. Sheet 11 of 11 US 6,359,664 B1 EIHEI III EHEHres . is . a a i. US 6,359,664 B1 1 2 ELECTRO-OPTICAL DISPLAY SYSTEM FOR The Lenticular Sheet technique is Still used today to produce VISUALLY DISPLAYING POLARIZED 3-D color postcards. It requires multi-cameras or one camera SPATIALLY MULTIPLEXED IMAGES OF 3-D with multiple lenses. The recording proceSS is quite complex OBJECTS FOR USE IN and the final product is obtained after four or more images STEREOSCOPCALLY VIEWING THE SAME with different perspectives of the object are aligned and WITH HIGH IMAGE QUALITY AND mounted to a sheet of a clear plastic cylindrical micro-lens RESOLUTION array. Vertical misalignment results in discomfort and head aches. The technique becomes expensive for large prints, RELATED CASES and has significant technical problems. Because of the use micro-lenses, the image does not look the Same to different This is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 08/126,077 Viewers in different viewing positions. Also the depth infor filed Sep. 23, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,537,144; which is mation in the image can be distorted and can depart signifi a Continuation of application Ser. No. 07/536,190 filed Jun. cantly from the original object. Finally, this technique can 11, 1990, now abandoned. not be used for TV, computer displays, or computer printers. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 15 The Holographic technique described in Three Dimensional Imaging Techniques and Three Dimensional 1. Field of the Invention DisplayS, and by L. F. Hodges et al. in Information DisplayS, This invention relates to the field of three dimensional 3, 9 (1987), has shown promise for still images but not for (3-D) Stereoscopic imaging and display technologies in TV or movies. It requires very Sensitive and expensive film, general and relates more particularly to Stereoscopic and is unable to produce large holograms because of Sensi photography, television, motion picture, printing and com tivity to vibration. Also, because of the requirement for puter displayS. coherent monochromatic Sources for recording and recon 2. Description of Related Art Struction (viewing), it is difficult to produce full color The binocular vision of humans perceives the real world holograms. Holography is very expensive and is not used for as 3-D images. This fact results from a combination of the 25 mass markets as in conventional photography. physiological and psychological properties of the human The Multiplanar technique described by M.C. King and pair of eyes. The pair of eyes is the most important Source D. H. Berry, Appl. Opt., May 9, 1980; and R. D. Williams of depth perception. Because of its spherical shape, the and F. Garcia Jr., SID Digest, 19, 91 (1988), is the only retina of a Single eye collects only two-dimensional image member of the Autostereoscopic class which has a commer information. Therefore, cues of the third dimension (depth) cial product. It uses a verifocal mirror 1 which is a reflective can never be collected by the retina of a single eye. membrane mounted on a speaker 2 as shown in FIG.1. The The inventions of printing (1450) and photography (1839) Speaker 2 causes the membrane to vibrate and to vary the enabled man to cheaply mass-produce pictures for popular focal length of the mirror. When the image of a cathode ray use. There has always been the awareness that these tech tube (CRT) 3 is viewed through this mirror it appears as a nologies lacked the third dimension (depth), and therefore, 35 3-D image 4. The information of the third dimension (depth) the desire to invent ways to faithfully capture and reproduce is represented by the different focal lengths which image nature as 3-D images has persisted throughout the ages. different Z planes of the original object. While this method Around the year 1600, Giovanni Battista della Porta pro has been Successful in realizing a 3-D System for Some duced the first artificial 3-D drawing. The history and Special applications, it has serious limitations: i) it is not evolution of 3-D imaging techniques are Surveyed in T. 40 general purpose, i.e., the method cannot be used for 3-D hard Okoshi, Three-Dimensional Imaging Techniques, Academic copy production Such as photography and printing; ii) it Press, New York, 1976, and T. Okoshi, Three Dimensional cannot be used for mass viewing as, for example, in a motion Displays, Proc. IEEE, 68,548 (1980). Accounts of the most picture theatre; iii) it cannot be used for 3-D TV without recent activities in 3-D technologies were recently presented making the massive investments in existing TV production in the Conference on Three-Dimensional visualization and 45 equipment, broadcast equipment, TV Sets, VCR, and other Display Technologies, in Los Angeles, Calif., Jan.
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