DOCSLIB.ORG

Can Ecosystem-Based Deep-Sea Fishing Be Sustained? Les Watling University of Hawaii at Manoa, [email protected]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Can Ecosystem-Based Deep-Sea Fishing Be Sustained? Les Watling University of Hawaii at Manoa, Watling@Hawaii.Edu The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship School of Marine Sciences 2011 Can ecosystem-based deep-sea fishing be sustained? Les Watling University of Hawaii at Manoa, [email protected] R L. Haedrich Memorial University of Newfoundland J Devine Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway J Drazen University of Hawaii at Manoa M R. Dunn National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/sms_facpub Part of the Marine Biology Commons Repository Citation Watling, L., Haedrich, R.L., Devine, J., Drazen, J., Dunn, M.R., Gianni, M., Baker, K., Cailliet, G., Figueiredo, I., Kyne, P.M., Menezes, G., Neat, F., Orlov, A., Duran, P., Perez, J.A., Ardron, J.A., Bezaury, J., Revenga, C., and Nouvian, C. 2011. Can ecosystem-based deep- sea fishing be sustained? Report of a workshop held 31 August-3 September 2010. Walpole, ME: University of Maine, Darling Marine Center. Darling Marine Center Special Publication 11-1. 84p This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Les Watling, R L. Haedrich, J Devine, J Drazen, M R. Dunn, M Gianni, K Baker, G Cailliet, I Figueiredo, P M. Kyne, G Menezes, F Neat, A Orlov, P Duran, J A. Perez, J A. Ardon, J Bezaury, C Revenga, and C Nouvian This conference proceeding is available at DigitalCommons@UMaine: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/sms_facpub/145 CanCan Ecosystem-Based Deep-SeaDeep-Sea Fishing BeBe Sustained?Sustained? ReportReport ofof aa WorkshopWorkshop heldHeld 3131 August-3August-3 SeptemberSeptember 2010 Neuville-Bosc, France Grenadier (Nezumia sp.) Executive Summary Authors Contents Can Ecosystem-Based Deep-Sea Fishing Be Sustained? Watling, L.1 Executive Summary International scientific workshop fishery- are imprecise because they are based on information Haedrich, R.L.2 Can Ecosystem-Based Deep-Sea Fishing Be Sustained? 1 Held 31 August - 3 September 2010 that is not necessarily available, while others such as whether Devine, J.3 a management plan is currently in place, does not account Drazen, J.1 Key Findings 2 Can there ever be a truly sustainable deep-sea fishery and if for the history of the fishery. As a result, some deep-sea Dunn, M.R.4 so, where and under what conditions? Ecosystembased species such as black scabbardfish and roundnose grenadiers Gianni, M.5 Can ecosystem-based deep-sea fishing be sustained? fisheries management requires that this question be were rated as not very susceptible to overfishing even Baker, K.2 Report of a Workshop held 31 August - 3 Sept. 2010, addressed such that habitat, bycatch species, and targeted though their populations over the past decade have severely Cailliet, G.6 Neuville-Bosc, France 5 fish populations are considered together within an ecosystem declined. These results create a misleading impression of the Figueiredo, I.7 context. vulnerability of deep-sea species in some cases. Kyne, P.M.8 Objectives 6 9 Menezes, G. Background Papers 6 To this end, we convened the first workshop to develop an The PSA vulnerability plot is essentially a risk analysis, but Neat, F.10 ecosystem approach to deep-sea fisheries and to ask whether it does not address the question of sustainability directly. Orlov, A.11 Fishery Case Studies 7 deep-sea species could be fished sustainably. The workshop However, with further refinement of the susceptibility criteria, Duran, P.12 participants were able to integrate bycatch information into and with the addition of habitat criteria, it could be used to Perez, J. A.13 Considerations on the Use of Models 12 their framework but found it more difficult to integrate other identify particularly vulnerable species within an ecosystem 14 Ardron, J.A. Reports on Deep-Sea Fisheries 13 ecosystem indicators such as habitat characteristics. context and suggest possible management strategies. Bezaury, J.15 16 Revenga, C. What is a Deep-Sea Fish? For this workshop, “deep-sea” was acknowledged to include Long-term and broadly based scientific study of the deep-sea 17 Nouvian, C. A Phylogenetic and Life History Approach 13 ocean depths greater than 200 m, but the fish species of presents a picture of a realm where life proceeds at a slow concern were those with adult distributions at depths greater pace. Species are slow growing, long-lived, late to mature Sustainability of deep-sea fisheries: Orange Roughy 24 than 400 m. It was understood that the juveniles of some and of low fecundity, but diversity is very high, especially at species might occur in the shallower waters off the edge of upper bathyal depths (200 – 2000 m). Since all deep-sea Orange roughy fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic 26 the continental shelf. Also, the concept that all deep-sea fish fisheries also occur at these depths, the characteristics of the Applying a basic productivity-susceptibility are alike was considered and rejected. In fact, a deep-sea deep-sea fauna have led scientists, governments and NGOs 1 University of Hawaii at Minoa, analysis to a complex deepwater mixed fish could be one that has a long evolutionary history in the to become concerned about the sustainability of deepsea Honolulu, Hawaii, USA/University deep-sea or one that evolved recently from a shelf-dwelling fisheries and their impact on biodiversity and habitat. of Maine, Darling Marine Center, trawl fishery in the Northeast Atlantic 35 ancestor. A small group of workshop participants evaluated Governments have been responding to this growing concern, Walpole, Maine, USA Sustainable Deep-Sea Fisheries for Grenadiers 52 the biological characteristics of a large number of deep-sea and in 2002 the United Nations General Assembly entered 2 Memorial University of species and found that their depth of occurrence correlated a process of negotiation that culminated in the adoption of Newfoundland, Canada Productivity – Susceptibility Analysis of most strongly with their life history parameters. UNGA resolutions 61/105 in 2006 and additional provisions 3 Institute of Marine Research, Deep-Sea Fish Species in a Global Context 64 in 64/72 in 2009 to ensure the long-term sustainability of Bergen, Norway In order to evaluate the potential of deep-sea fisheries for deep-sea fish populations and the preservation of vulnerable 4 National Institute of Water and Deep-water fishing in tropical latitudes: ecosystem-based sustainability, it was originally thought that marine ecosystems. Recognizing that deep-sea fish species Atmospheric Research, the Brazilian experience 67 the relatively simple Lotka-Volterra class of models could be are vulnerable to overexploitation, and that particular Wellington, New Zealand applied, but we soon realized that deep-sea fisheries suffered fisheries result in habitat damage, the European Commission 5 Amsterdam, The Netherlands Habitat Impact of Deep-Sea Fisheries 69 critical data limitations (i.e. needed information such as has also set fishing quotas which have been regularly reduced 6 Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Summary and Conclusions 74 life history characteristics, bycatch, or discard rates did not since 2003, and imposed some area closures within which Moss Landing, California, USA exist) that made the use of quantitative models difficult. An no bottom tending gear can be used. However, deep-sea 7 IPIMAR, Lisbon, Portugal Literature cited 78 alternative approach, one that allowed the combination of fisheries are still harvested outside safe biological limits and 8 Charles Darwin University, Darwin, both fish life history data and ecosystem criteria, was to apply cannot be said to be conducted sustainably. Northern Territory, Australia Acknowledgements 84 a semi-quantitative model (the Productivity – Susceptibility 9 University of the Azores, Analysis, PSA) to species routinely caught in deep-sea States have an obligation to ensure the long-term Horta, Portugal fisheries. This model subjectively scores species on a scale sustainability of targeted fish stocks as well as bycatch 10 Marine Scotland – Science, of 1-3 in terms of their potential productivity (derived from species, prevent significant adverse impacts on deep-sea Aberdeen, United Kingdom life history data) and susceptibility to overfishing (based ecosystems through the conduct of environmental impact 11 VNIRO, Moscow, Russia on species distribution and behavior, and management assessments prior to fishing, and close areas to bottom 12 Spanish Institute of Oceanography, practices). The model output is a plot displaying the fishing where vulnerable ecosystems occur. Vigo, Spain vulnerability of each species relative to the others analyzed. 13 Centro de Ciencias Tecnologicas da This workshop examined three deep-sea fisheries using the Terra e do Mar, Brazil In the short time of the workshop, we were unable to fully semi-quantitative PSA model and considered environmental 14 Marine Conservation Biology Institute, evaluate all the criteria used in the PSA model by Patrick et al. consequences of using trawl vs. long-line gear in some. Washington, DC, USA (2010), but the workshop participants were able to agree on Following the workshop, further analysis and writing 15 The Nature Conservancy, a list of objective productivity criteria (maximum size and age, proceeded for two months, during which general patterns Mexico City, Mexico estimated natural mortality, measured fecundity, breeding and rules came to light, enabling us to draw what we have 16 The Nature Conservancy, strategy, age at maturity, and mean trophic level). On the named “lessons” that should be understood by managers Arlington, VA, other hand, identifying criteria that reflected the susceptibility as golden rules whose implementation is essential to ensure 17 Association Bloom, Paris, France of species to overfishing was more problematical. Some of long-term ecosystem-based sustainability of deep-sea these criteria -for example area and vertical overlap with the fisheries.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hikurangi Plateau: Crustal Structure, Rifted Formation, and Gondwana Subduction History
    Article Geochemistry 3 Volume 9, Number 7 Geophysics 3 July 2008 Q07004, doi:10.1029/2007GC001855 GeosystemsG G ISSN: 1525-2027 AN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF THE EARTH SCIENCES Published by AGU and the Geochemical Society Click Here for Full Article Hikurangi Plateau: Crustal structure, rifted formation, and Gondwana subduction history Bryan Davy Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 30368, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ([email protected]) Kaj Hoernle IFM-GEOMAR, Wischhofstraße 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany Reinhard Werner Tethys Geoconsulting GmbH, Wischhofstraße 1-3, D-24148 Kiel, Germany [1] Seismic reflection profiles across the Hikurangi Plateau Large Igneous Province and adjacent margins reveal the faulted volcanic basement and overlying Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary units as well as the structure of the paleoconvergent Gondwana margin at the southern plateau limit. The Hikurangi Plateau crust can be traced 50–100 km southward beneath the Chatham Rise where subduction cessation timing and geometry are interpreted to be variable along the margin. A model fit of the Hikurangi Plateau back against the Manihiki Plateau aligns the Manihiki Scarp with the eastern margin of the Rekohu Embayment. Extensional and rotated block faults which formed during the breakup of the combined Manihiki- Hikurangi plateau are interpreted in seismic sections of the Hikurangi Plateau basement. Guyots and ridge- like seamounts which are widely scattered across the Hikurangi Plateau are interpreted to have formed at 99–89 Ma immediately following Hikurangi Plateau jamming of the Gondwana convergent margin at 100 Ma. Volcanism from this period cannot be separately resolved in the seismic reflection data from basement volcanism; hence seamount formation during Manihiki-Hikurangi Plateau emplacement and breakup (125–120 Ma) cannot be ruled out.
    [Show full text]
  • Order BERYCIFORMES ANOPLOGASTRIDAE Fangtooths (Ogrefish) by J.A
    click for previous page 1178 Bony Fishes Order BERYCIFORMES ANOPLOGASTRIDAE Fangtooths (ogrefish) by J.A. Moore, Florida Atlantic University, USA iagnostic characters: Small (to about 160 mm standard length) beryciform fishes.Body short, deep, and Dcompressed, tapering to narrow peduncle. Head large (1/3 standard length). Eye smaller than snout length in adults, but larger than snout length in juveniles. Mouth very large and oblique, jaws extend be- hind eye in adults; 1 supramaxilla. Bands of villiform teeth in juveniles are replaced with large fangs on dentary and premaxilla in adults; vomer and palatines toothless. Deep sensory canals separated by ser- rated ridges; very large parietal and preopercular spines in juveniles of one species, all disappearing with age. Gill rakers as clusters of teeth on gill arch in adults (lath-like in juveniles). No true fin spines; single, long-based dorsal fin with 16 to 20 rays; anal fin very short-based with 7 to 9 soft rays; caudal fin emarginate; pectoral fins with 13 to 16 soft rays; pelvic fins with 7 soft rays. Scales small, non-overlapping, spinose, goblet-shaped in adults; lateral line an open groove partially bridged by scales; no enlarged ventral keel scutes. Colour: entirely dark brown or black in adults. Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Meso- to bathypelagic, at depths of 75 to 5 000 m. Carnivores, with juveniles feeding on mainly crustaceans and adults mainly on fishes. May sometimes swim in small groups. Uncommon deep-sea fishes of no commercial importance. Remarks: The family was revised recently by Kotlyar (1986) and contains 1 genus with 2 species throughout the tropical and temperate latitudes.
    [Show full text]
  • FISH LIST WISH LIST: a Case for Updating the Canadian Government’S Guidance for Common Names on Seafood
    FISH LIST WISH LIST: A case for updating the Canadian government’s guidance for common names on seafood Authors: Christina Callegari, Scott Wallace, Sarah Foster and Liane Arness ISBN: 978-1-988424-60-6 © SeaChoice November 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS GLOSSARY . 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 4 Findings . 5 Recommendations . 6 INTRODUCTION . 7 APPROACH . 8 Identification of Canadian-caught species . 9 Data processing . 9 REPORT STRUCTURE . 10 SECTION A: COMMON AND OVERLAPPING NAMES . 10 Introduction . 10 Methodology . 10 Results . 11 Snapper/rockfish/Pacific snapper/rosefish/redfish . 12 Sole/flounder . 14 Shrimp/prawn . 15 Shark/dogfish . 15 Why it matters . 15 Recommendations . 16 SECTION B: CANADIAN-CAUGHT SPECIES OF HIGHEST CONCERN . 17 Introduction . 17 Methodology . 18 Results . 20 Commonly mislabelled species . 20 Species with sustainability concerns . 21 Species linked to human health concerns . 23 Species listed under the U .S . Seafood Import Monitoring Program . 25 Combined impact assessment . 26 Why it matters . 28 Recommendations . 28 SECTION C: MISSING SPECIES, MISSING ENGLISH AND FRENCH COMMON NAMES AND GENUS-LEVEL ENTRIES . 31 Introduction . 31 Missing species and outdated scientific names . 31 Scientific names without English or French CFIA common names . 32 Genus-level entries . 33 Why it matters . 34 Recommendations . 34 CONCLUSION . 35 REFERENCES . 36 APPENDIX . 39 Appendix A . 39 Appendix B . 39 FISH LIST WISH LIST: A case for updating the Canadian government’s guidance for common names on seafood 2 GLOSSARY The terms below are defined to aid in comprehension of this report. Common name — Although species are given a standard Scientific name — The taxonomic (Latin) name for a species. common name that is readily used by the scientific In nomenclature, every scientific name consists of two parts, community, industry has adopted other widely used names the genus and the specific epithet, which is used to identify for species sold in the marketplace.
    [Show full text]
  • Hoplostethus Atlanticus Fisheries Relating to the South Pacific Regional Fishery Management Organisation
    SP-07-SWG-INF-09 Chile 13 May 2009 Information describing orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries relating to the South Pacific Regional Fishery Management Organisation WORKING DRAFT 04 MAY 2007 1. Overview ................................................................................................................ 2 2. Taxonomy .............................................................................................................. 3 2.1 Phylum ............................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Class ................................................................................................................. 3 2.3 Order ................................................................................................................ 3 2.4 Family .............................................................................................................. 3 2.5 Genus and species ............................................................................................ 3 2.6 Scientific synonyms ......................................................................................... 3 2.7 Common names ............................................................................................... 3 2.8 Molecular (DNA or biochemical) bar coding .................................................. 3 3. Species characteristics ........................................................................................... 4 3.1 Global distribution and depth range
    [Show full text]
  • Twenty Thousand Parasites Under The
    ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi queda condicionat a lʼacceptació de les condicions dʼús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://cat.creativecommons.org/?page_id=184 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis queda condicionado a la aceptación de las condiciones de uso establecidas por la siguiente licencia Creative Commons: http://es.creativecommons.org/blog/licencias/ WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis it is limited to the acceptance of the use conditions set by the following Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia Tesis Doctoral Twenty thousand parasites under the sea: a multidisciplinary approach to parasite communities of deep-dwelling fishes from the slopes of the Balearic Sea (NW Mediterranean) Tesis doctoral presentada por Sara Maria Dallarés Villar para optar al título de Doctora en Acuicultura bajo la dirección de la Dra. Maite Carrassón López de Letona, del Dr. Francesc Padrós Bover y de la Dra. Montserrat Solé Rovira. La presente tesis se ha inscrito en el programa de doctorado en Acuicultura, con mención de calidad, de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Los directores Maite Carrassón Francesc Padrós Montserrat Solé López de Letona Bover Rovira Universitat Autònoma de Universitat Autònoma de Institut de Ciències Barcelona Barcelona del Mar (CSIC) La tutora La doctoranda Maite Carrassón Sara Maria López de Letona Dallarés Villar Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra, diciembre de 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Cuando miro atrás, al comienzo de esta tesis, me doy cuenta de cuán enriquecedora e importante ha sido para mí esta etapa, a todos los niveles.
    [Show full text]
  • Order BERYCIFORMES ANOPLOGASTRIDAE Anoplogaster
    click for previous page 2210 Bony Fishes Order BERYCIFORMES ANOPLOGASTRIDAE Fangtooths by J.R. Paxton iagnostic characters: Small (to 16 cm) Dberyciform fishes, body short, deep, and compressed. Head large, steep; deep mu- cous cavities on top of head separated by serrated crests; very large temporal and pre- opercular spines and smaller orbital (frontal) spine in juveniles of one species, all disap- pearing with age. Eyes smaller than snout length in adults (but larger than snout length in juveniles). Mouth very large, jaws extending far behind eye in adults; one supramaxilla. Teeth as large fangs in pre- maxilla and dentary; vomer and palatine toothless. Gill rakers as gill teeth in adults (elongate, lath-like in juveniles). No fin spines; dorsal fin long based, roughly in middle of body, with 16 to 20 rays; anal fin short-based, far posterior, with 7 to 9 rays; pelvic fin abdominal in juveniles, becoming subthoracic with age, with 7 rays; pectoral fin with 13 to 16 rays. Scales small, non-overlap- ping, spinose, cup-shaped in adults; lateral line an open groove partly covered by scales. No light organs. Total vertebrae 25 to 28. Colour: brown-black in adults. Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Meso- and bathypelagic. Distinctive caulolepis juvenile stage, with greatly enlarged head spines in one species. Feeding mode as carnivores on crustaceans as juveniles and on fishes as adults. Rare deepsea fishes of no commercial importance. Remarks: One genus with 2 species throughout the world ocean in tropical and temperate latitudes. The family was revised by Kotlyar (1986). Similar families occurring in the area Diretmidae: No fangs, jaw teeth small, in bands; anal fin with 18 to 24 rays.
    [Show full text]
  • Secondary Sexual Characteristics in Codfishes ([[Gadidae]]) in Relation to Sound Production, Habitat Use, and Social Behaviour
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Secondary sexual characteristics in codfishes ([[Gadidae]]) in relation to sound production, habitat use, and social behaviour Skjaeraasen, J.E., Meager, J.J. and Heino, M. IIASA Interim Report 2012 Skjaeraasen, J.E., Meager, J.J. and Heino, M. (2012) Secondary sexual characteristics in codfishes ([[Gadidae]]) in relation to sound production, habitat use, and social behaviour. IIASA Interim Report. IR-12-071 Copyright © 2012 by the author(s). http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/10208/ Interim Report on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. All rights reserved. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage. All copies must bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. For other purposes, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, permission must be sought by contacting [email protected] International Institute for Tel: +43 2236 807 342 Applied Systems Analysis Fax: +43 2236 71313 Schlossplatz 1 E-mail: [email protected] A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria Web: www.iiasa.ac.at Interim Report IR-12-071 Secondary sexual characteristics in codfishes (Gadidae) in relation to sound production, habitat use, and social behaviour Jon Egil Skjæraasen Justin J.
    [Show full text]
  • Rockfish (Sebastes) That Are Evolutionarily Isolated Are Also
    Biological Conservation 142 (2009) 1787–1796 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Rockfish (Sebastes) that are evolutionarily isolated are also large, morphologically distinctive and vulnerable to overfishing Karen Magnuson-Ford a,b, Travis Ingram c, David W. Redding a,b, Arne Ø. Mooers a,b,* a Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby BC, Canada V5A 1S6 b IRMACS, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby BC, Canada V5A 1S6 c Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, #2370-6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4 article info abstract Article history: In an age of triage, we must prioritize species for conservation effort. Species more isolated on the tree of Received 23 September 2008 life are candidates for increased attention. The rockfish genus Sebastes is speciose (>100 spp.), morpho- Received in revised form 10 March 2009 logically and ecologically diverse and many species are heavily fished. We used a complete Sebastes phy- Accepted 18 March 2009 logeny to calculate a measure of evolutionary isolation for each species and compared this to their Available online 22 April 2009 morphology and imperilment. We found that evolutionarily isolated species in the northeast Pacific are both larger-bodied and, independent of body size, morphologically more distinctive. We examined Keywords: extinction risk within rockfish using a compound measure of each species’ intrinsic vulnerability to Phylogenetic diversity overfishing and categorizing species as commercially fished or not. Evolutionarily isolated species in Extinction risk Conservation priorities the northeast Pacific are more likely to be fished, and, due to their larger sizes and to life history traits Body size such as long lifespan and slow maturation rate, they are also intrinsically more vulnerable to overfishing.
    [Show full text]
  • Tree Coral, Primnoa Pacifica
    Sexual Reproduction and Seasonality of the Alaskan Red Tree Coral, Primnoa pacifica Rhian G. Waller1*, Robert P. Stone2, Julia Johnstone3, Jennifer Mondragon4 1 University of Maine, School of Marine Sciences, Darling Marine Center, Walpole, Maine, United States of America, 2 Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America, 3 University of Maine, Darling Marine Center, Walpole, Maine, United States of America, 4 Alaska Regional Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America Abstract The red tree coral Primnoa pacifica is an important habitat forming octocoral in North Pacific waters. Given the prominence of this species in shelf and upper slope areas of the Gulf of Alaska where fishing disturbance can be high, it may be able to sustain healthy populations through adaptive reproductive processes. This study was designed to test this hypothesis, examining reproductive mode, seasonality and fecundity in both undamaged and simulated damaged colonies over the course of 16 months using a deepwater-emerged population in Tracy Arm Fjord. Females within the population developed asynchronously, though males showed trends of synchronicity, with production of immature spermatocysts heightened in December/January and maturation of gametes in the fall months. Periodicity of individuals varied from a single year reproductive event to some individuals taking more than the 16 months sampled to produce viable gametes. Multiple stages of gametes occurred in polyps of the same colony during most sampling periods. Mean oocyte size ranged from 50 to 200 mm in any season, and maximum oocyte size (802 mm) suggests a lecithotrophic larva.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology and Significance of the Luminous Organs in Alepocephaloid Fishes
    Uiblein, F., Ott, J., Stachowitsch,©Akademie d. Wissenschaften M. (Eds), Wien; 1996: download Deep-sea unter www.biologiezentrum.at and extreme shallow-water habitats: affinities and adaptations. - Biosystematics and Ecology Series 11:151-163. Morphology and significance of the luminous organs in alepocephaloid fishes Y. I. SAZONOV Abstract: Alepocephaloid fishes, or slickheads (two families, Alepocephalidae and Platytroctidae), are deep-sea fishes distributed in all three major oceans at depths of ca. 100-5000 m, usually between ca. 500 and 3000 m. Among about 150 known species, 13 alepocephalid and all (ca. 40) platytroctid species have diverse light organs: 1) postcleithral luminous gland (all platytroctids); it releases a luminescent secredon which presumably startles or blinds predators and allows the fish to escape; 2) relatively large, regulär photophores on the head and ventral parts of the body in the alepocephalid Microphotolepis and in 6 (of 14) platytroctid genera. These organs may serve for countershading and possibly for giving signals to other individuals of the same species; 3) small "simple" or "secondary" photophores covering the whole body and fins in 5 alepocephalid genera, and a few such structures in 1 platytroctid; these organs may be used for Camouflage in the glow of spontaneous bioluminescence; 4) the mental light organ in 2 alepocephalid genera from the abyssal zone (Bathyprion and Mirognathus) may be used as a Iure to attract prey. Introduction Alepocephaloid fishes, or slickheads, comprise two families of isospondyl- ous fishes (Platytroctidae and Alepocephalidae). The group is one of the most diverse among oceanic bathypelagic fishes (about 35 genera with 150 species), and these fishes play a significant role in the communities of meso- and bathypelagic animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Updated Checklist of Marine Fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the Proposed Extension of the Portuguese Continental Shelf
    European Journal of Taxonomy 73: 1-73 ISSN 2118-9773 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.73 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2014 · Carneiro M. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9A5F217D-8E7B-448A-9CAB-2CCC9CC6F857 Updated checklist of marine fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf Miguel CARNEIRO1,5, Rogélia MARTINS2,6, Monica LANDI*,3,7 & Filipe O. COSTA4,8 1,2 DIV-RP (Modelling and Management Fishery Resources Division), Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Av. Brasilia 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 3,4 CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] * corresponding author: [email protected] 5 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:90A98A50-327E-4648-9DCE-75709C7A2472 6 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:1EB6DE00-9E91-407C-B7C4-34F31F29FD88 7 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6D3AC760-77F2-4CFA-B5C7-665CB07F4CEB 8 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:48E53CF3-71C8-403C-BECD-10B20B3C15B4 Abstract. The study of the Portuguese marine ichthyofauna has a long historical tradition, rooted back in the 18th Century. Here we present an annotated checklist of the marine fishes from Portuguese waters, including the area encompassed by the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf and the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ). The list is based on historical literature records and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history collections, together with new revisions and occurrences.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand Fishes a Field Guide to Common Species Caught by Bottom, Midwater, and Surface Fishing Cover Photos: Top – Kingfish (Seriola Lalandi), Malcolm Francis
    New Zealand fishes A field guide to common species caught by bottom, midwater, and surface fishing Cover photos: Top – Kingfish (Seriola lalandi), Malcolm Francis. Top left – Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus), Malcolm Francis. Centre – Catch of hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae), Neil Bagley (NIWA). Bottom left – Jack mackerel (Trachurus sp.), Malcolm Francis. Bottom – Orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus), NIWA. New Zealand fishes A field guide to common species caught by bottom, midwater, and surface fishing New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No: 208 Prepared for Fisheries New Zealand by P. J. McMillan M. P. Francis G. D. James L. J. Paul P. Marriott E. J. Mackay B. A. Wood D. W. Stevens L. H. Griggs S. J. Baird C. D. Roberts‡ A. L. Stewart‡ C. D. Struthers‡ J. E. Robbins NIWA, Private Bag 14901, Wellington 6241 ‡ Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, 6011Wellington ISSN 1176-9440 (print) ISSN 1179-6480 (online) ISBN 978-1-98-859425-5 (print) ISBN 978-1-98-859426-2 (online) 2019 Disclaimer While every effort was made to ensure the information in this publication is accurate, Fisheries New Zealand does not accept any responsibility or liability for error of fact, omission, interpretation or opinion that may be present, nor for the consequences of any decisions based on this information. Requests for further copies should be directed to: Publications Logistics Officer Ministry for Primary Industries PO Box 2526 WELLINGTON 6140 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 0800 00 83 33 Facsimile: 04-894 0300 This publication is also available on the Ministry for Primary Industries website at http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news-and-resources/publications/ A higher resolution (larger) PDF of this guide is also available by application to: [email protected] Citation: McMillan, P.J.; Francis, M.P.; James, G.D.; Paul, L.J.; Marriott, P.; Mackay, E.; Wood, B.A.; Stevens, D.W.; Griggs, L.H.; Baird, S.J.; Roberts, C.D.; Stewart, A.L.; Struthers, C.D.; Robbins, J.E.
    [Show full text]