DOCSLIB.ORG

Lunar Surface Reference Missions: a Description of Human and Robotic Surface Activities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lunar Surface Reference Missions: a Description of Human and Robotic Surface Activities NASA/TP—2003–212053 Lunar Surface Reference Missions: A Description of Human and Robotic Surface Activities Michael B. Duke Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado Stephen J. Hoffman Science Applications International Corporation Houston, Texas Kelly Snook Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas July 2003 The NASA STI Program Office ... in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. the advancement of aeronautics and space Collected papers from scientific and science. The NASA Scientific and Technical technical conferences, symposia, Information (STI) Program Office plays a key seminars, or other meetings sponsored or part in helping NASA maintain this important co-sponsored by NASA. role. • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, The NASA STI Program Office is operated by technical, or historical information from Langley Research Center, the lead center for NASA programs, projects, and missions, NASA’s scientific and technical information. The often concerned with subjects having NASA STI Program Office provides access to the substantial public interest. NASA STI Database, the largest collection of aeronautical and space science STI in the world. • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- The Program Office is also NASA’s institutional language translations of foreign scientific mechanism for disseminating the results of its and technical material pertinent to research and development activities. These results NASA’s mission. are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report Series, which includes the following report types: Specialized services that complement the STI Program Office’s diverse offerings include • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of creating custom thesauri, building customized completed research or a major significant databases, organizing and publishing research phase of research that present the results of results ... even providing videos. NASA programs and include extensive data or theoretical analysis. Includes For more information about the NASA STI compilations of significant scientific and Program Office, see the following: technical data and information deemed to be of continuing reference value. NASA • Access the NASA STI Program Home counterpart of peer-reviewed formal Page at http://www.sti.nasa.gov professional papers, but having less stringent limitations on manuscript length • E-mail your question via the Internet to and extent of graphic presentations. [email protected] • TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. • Fax your question to the NASA STI Help Scientific and technical findings that are Desk at (301) 621-0134 preliminary or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release reports, working papers, and • Telephone the NASA STI Help Desk at bibliographies that contain minimal (301) 621-0390 annotation. Does not contain extensive analysis. • Write to: NASA STI Help Desk • CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and NASA Center for AeroSpace Information technical findings by NASA-sponsored 7121 Standard Drive contractors and grantees. Hanover, MD 21076-1320 NASA/TP—2003–212053 Lunar Surface Reference Missions: A Description of Human and Robotic Surface Activities Michael B. Duke Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado Stephen J. Hoffman Science Applications International Corporation Houston, Texas Kelly Snook Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas 77058 July 2003 Acknowledgments This work was supported by the NASA Johnson Space Center, under Grant NAG9-1447 to the Colorado School of Mines. The Lunar and Planetary Institute also provided support in the form of a no-cost visiting scientist appointment to the senior author. Reviews by Tom Sullivan, Nancy Ann Budden, Doug O’Handley and John Frassanito are appreciated. Available from: NASA Center for AeroSpace Information National Technical Information Service 7121 Standard Drive 5285 Port Royal Road Hanover, MD 21076-1320 Springfield, VA 22161 301-621-0390 703-605-6000 This report is also available in electronic form at http://techreports.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/NTRS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................1 2.0 Objectives of Lunar Missions ................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 Scientific Exploration of the Moon .......................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 Origin of Earth-Moon System ................................................................................. 4 2.1.2 History of the Moon as a Planetary Body ................................................................ 5 2.1.3 Early Impact Processes in the Solar System ............................................................ 8 2.1.4 Recent Impact Flux ................................................................................................. 8 2.1.5 The Lunar Atmosphere, Volatile Movements and Volatile Deposits ...................... 9 2.1.6 History of the Sun ................................................................................................. 10 2.1.7 Functions Required ................................................................................................ 10 2.2 Establish the Suitability of the Moon for Astronomical Observations and other studies ....... 10 2.2.1 Environmental Considerations for Large Telescopes and Interferometers ............ 11 2.2.2 Operational Demonstrations of Lunar Observatories ............................................ 11 2.2.3 Large Telescope Technology Demonstration ........................................................ 12 2.2.4 Assess Other Opportunities for Science on or from the Moon .............................. 12 2.2.5 Functions Required ................................................................................................ 13 2.3 Conduct Tests of Technologies and Operations Leading Toward Long-Term Human Stays on the Moon ............................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.1 Habitat Design and Development .......................................................................... 13 2.3.2 Closed Life Support Systems ................................................................................ 14 2.3.3 Medical Sciences (Adaptation) Research .............................................................. 14 2.3.4 EVA Test Bed ....................................................................................................... 16 2.3.5 Navigational Systems ............................................................................................ 17 2.3.6 Electrical System Development and Test .............................................................. 17 2.3.7 Radiation Shielding Using Natural Materials ........................................................ 17 2.3.8 Regolith Excavation and Movement Technology ................................................. 18 2.3.9 Surface Mobility Systems (Robotic and Piloted) .................................................. 19 2.3.10 Dust Mitigation Techniques ................................................................................ 19 2.3.11 Parts Fabrication Demonstration Facility ............................................................ 20 2.3.12 Ergonomics Research .......................................................................................... 20 2.3.13 Resource Utilization Studies ............................................................................... 20 2.3.14 Lunar Art and Literature ...................................................................................... 21 2.3.15 Construction Technologies Demonstrations ........................................................ 21 2.3.16 Environmental Degradation Abatement Tests ..................................................... 22 2.3.17 Regolith Chemical Properties Studies ................................................................. 22 2.3.18 Launch and Landing Facilities ............................................................................ 22 2.3.19 Maintenance, Repair and Operations ................................................................... 23 2.3.20 Functions Required .............................................................................................. 23 2.4 Conduct Tests of Technologies and Operations That May Be Used in the Exploration of Mars and Beyond ............................................................................................................................ 23 2.4.1 Power System Development .................................................................................. 24 2.4.2 Closed Life Support Systems ................................................................................ 24 2.4.3 Surface Mobility Systems ..................................................................................... 24 2.4.4 Extravehiclular Activity ........................................................................................ 25 2.4.5 Logistics, Maintenance and Repair Facilities ........................................................ 25 iii Page 2.4.6 Dust Mitigation Techniques .................................................................................. 25 2.4.7 ISRU Technologies ..............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Geologic Structure of Shallow Maria
    NASA CR. Photo Data Analysis S-221 NASA Contract NAS 9-13196 GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE OF SHALLOW MARIA Rene' A. De Hon, Principal Investigator John A. Waskom, Co-Investigator (NASA-CR-lq7qoo GEOLOGIC STahJCTUnF OF N76-17001 ISBALOW M1BIA-'(Arkansas Uni.v., mHiticelio.) ­ 96 p BC $5.00' CSCL O3B Unclas G3/91, 09970- University of Arkansas at Monticello Monticello, Arkansas December 1975 Photo Data Analysis S-221 NASA Contract NAS 9-13196 GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE OF SHALLOW MARIA Rene' A. De Hon, Principal Investigator I John A. Waskom, Co-Investigator Un-iversity-of Arkansas-:at-.Monticl o Monticello, Arkansas December 1975 ABSTRACT Isopach maps and structural contour maps of the 0 0 eastern mare basins (30 N to 30 OS; 00 to 100 E) are constructed from measurements of partially buried craters. The data, which are sufficiently scattered to yield gross thickness variations, are restricted to shallow maria with less than 1500-2000 m of mare basalts. The average thickness of b-asalt in the irregular maria is between 200 and 400 m. Multiringed mascon basins are filled to various levels. The Serenitatis and Crisium basins have deeply flooded interiors and extensively flooded shelves. Mare basalts in the Nectaris basin fill only the innermost basin, and mare basalts in the Smythii basin occupy a small portion of the basin floor. Sinus Amoris, Mare Spumans, and Mare Undarum are partially filled troughs concentric to large circular basins. The Tranquillitatis and Fecunditatis are composite depressions containing basalts which flood degraded circular basins and adjacent terrain modified by the formation of nearby cir­ cular basins.
    [Show full text]
  • General Index
    General Index Italicized page numbers indicate figures and tables. Color plates are in- cussed; full listings of authors’ works as cited in this volume may be dicated as “pl.” Color plates 1– 40 are in part 1 and plates 41–80 are found in the bibliographical index. in part 2. Authors are listed only when their ideas or works are dis- Aa, Pieter van der (1659–1733), 1338 of military cartography, 971 934 –39; Genoa, 864 –65; Low Coun- Aa River, pl.61, 1523 of nautical charts, 1069, 1424 tries, 1257 Aachen, 1241 printing’s impact on, 607–8 of Dutch hamlets, 1264 Abate, Agostino, 857–58, 864 –65 role of sources in, 66 –67 ecclesiastical subdivisions in, 1090, 1091 Abbeys. See also Cartularies; Monasteries of Russian maps, 1873 of forests, 50 maps: property, 50–51; water system, 43 standards of, 7 German maps in context of, 1224, 1225 plans: juridical uses of, pl.61, 1523–24, studies of, 505–8, 1258 n.53 map consciousness in, 636, 661–62 1525; Wildmore Fen (in psalter), 43– 44 of surveys, 505–8, 708, 1435–36 maps in: cadastral (See Cadastral maps); Abbreviations, 1897, 1899 of town models, 489 central Italy, 909–15; characteristics of, Abreu, Lisuarte de, 1019 Acequia Imperial de Aragón, 507 874 –75, 880 –82; coloring of, 1499, Abruzzi River, 547, 570 Acerra, 951 1588; East-Central Europe, 1806, 1808; Absolutism, 831, 833, 835–36 Ackerman, James S., 427 n.2 England, 50 –51, 1595, 1599, 1603, See also Sovereigns and monarchs Aconcio, Jacopo (d. 1566), 1611 1615, 1629, 1720; France, 1497–1500, Abstraction Acosta, José de (1539–1600), 1235 1501; humanism linked to, 909–10; in- in bird’s-eye views, 688 Acquaviva, Andrea Matteo (d.
    [Show full text]
  • Vegetative Ecology of a Montane Mire, Crater Lake National
    AJ ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Susan Cornelia Seyer for the degree of Master of Science in Botany and Plant Pathology presented on December 14, 1979 Title: VEGETATIVE ECOLOGY OF A MONTANE MIRE, CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK, OREGON Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: Jerry F. Franklin Mires, or peat-producing ecosystems, dominated by sedges, shrubs, and brown mosses, are common features in Cascade subalpine regions, occurring where moisture accumulates in small basins or on poorly-drained slopes. Although descriptions and classifications have been developed for mire vegetation in much of the world, there is little information of even a descriptive nature for these montane mires in Oregon and Washington. This thesis reports on phytosocia- logical structure, env'ironental relations, and successional trends in one such mire in the Oregon Cascade mountains. To characterize the general phytosociological structure of the mire vegetation at Sphagnum Bog, Crater Lake National Park, quantitative species cover data were used in conjunction with a Braun-Blanquet tabular analysis and two-dimensional stand ordinations, reciprocal averaging and a Bray-Curtis polar ordination. Defined community types correspond to physiognomic types as follows: Carex rostrata (reedswamp); Eleocharis pauciflora-Carex limosa, Eleocharis pauciflora/bryophytes (low sedge fens); Carex sichensis (tall sedge fen); Vaccinium/ Aulacomnium palustre, Vaccinium occidentala/Carex sitchensis (shrub thickets; Alnus incana/Brachythacium sp. and Salix barclayi (marginal carrs).Phases were defined when appropriate. A vegetation map was made to illustrate the locations and extent of the variouscommunities. Comparisons with other montane mires in thearea determined that the physiognomic units defined are repeatable when appropriate habitat conditions are present, and that they usually includemany of the same characteristic species, the dominant mosses being particularly constant.
    [Show full text]
  • Articles and Also and Instrumental Development
    Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 12631–12686, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12631-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. A review of experimental techniques for aerosol hygroscopicity studies Mingjin Tang1, Chak K. Chan2, Yong Jie Li3, Hang Su4,5, Qingxin Ma6, Zhijun Wu7, Guohua Zhang1, Zhe Wang8, Maofa Ge9, Min Hu7, Hong He6,10,11, and Xinming Wang1,10,11 1State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China 2School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China 3Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China 4Center for Air Pollution and Climate Change Research, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China 5Department of Multiphase Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55118, Germany 6State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China 7State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 8Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China 9State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 10University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 11Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China Correspondence: Mingjin Tang ([email protected]) and Chak K.
    [Show full text]
  • Planning a Mission to the Lunar South Pole
    Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter: (Diviner) Audience Planning a Mission to Grades 9-10 the Lunar South Pole Time Recommended 1-2 hours AAAS STANDARDS Learning Objectives: • 12A/H1: Exhibit traits such as curiosity, honesty, open- • Learn about recent discoveries in lunar science. ness, and skepticism when making investigations, and value those traits in others. • Deduce information from various sources of scientific data. • 12E/H4: Insist that the key assumptions and reasoning in • Use critical thinking to compare and evaluate different datasets. any argument—whether one’s own or that of others—be • Participate in team-based decision-making. made explicit; analyze the arguments for flawed assump- • Use logical arguments and supporting information to justify decisions. tions, flawed reasoning, or both; and be critical of the claims if any flaws in the argument are found. • 4A/H3: Increasingly sophisticated technology is used Preparation: to learn about the universe. Visual, radio, and X-ray See teacher procedure for any details. telescopes collect information from across the entire spectrum of electromagnetic waves; computers handle Background Information: data and complicated computations to interpret them; space probes send back data and materials from The Moon’s surface thermal environment is among the most extreme of any remote parts of the solar system; and accelerators give planetary body in the solar system. With no atmosphere to store heat or filter subatomic particles energies that simulate conditions in the Sun’s radiation, midday temperatures on the Moon’s surface can reach the stars and in the early history of the universe before 127°C (hotter than boiling water) whereas at night they can fall as low as stars formed.
    [Show full text]
  • Science Concept 5: Lunar Volcanism Provides a Window Into the Thermal and Compositional Evolution of the Moon
    Science Concept 5: Lunar Volcanism Provides a Window into the Thermal and Compositional Evolution of the Moon Science Concept 5: Lunar volcanism provides a window into the thermal and compositional evolution of the Moon Science Goals: a. Determine the origin and variability of lunar basalts. b. Determine the age of the youngest and oldest mare basalts. c. Determine the compositional range and extent of lunar pyroclastic deposits. d. Determine the flux of lunar volcanism and its evolution through space and time. INTRODUCTION Features of Lunar Volcanism The most prominent volcanic features on the lunar surface are the low albedo mare regions, which cover approximately 17% of the lunar surface (Fig. 5.1). Mare regions are generally considered to be made up of flood basalts, which are the product of highly voluminous basaltic volcanism. On the Moon, such flood basalts typically fill topographically-low impact basins up to 2000 m below the global mean elevation (Wilhelms, 1987). The mare regions are asymmetrically distributed on the lunar surface and cover about 33% of the nearside and only ~3% of the far-side (Wilhelms, 1987). Other volcanic surface features include pyroclastic deposits, domes, and rilles. These features occur on a much smaller scale than the mare flood basalts, but are no less important in understanding lunar volcanism and the internal evolution of the Moon. Table 5.1 outlines different types of volcanic features and their interpreted formational processes. TABLE 5.1 Lunar Volcanic Features Volcanic Feature Interpreted Process
    [Show full text]
  • DMAAC – February 1973
    LUNAR TOPOGRAPHIC ORTHOPHOTOMAP (LTO) AND LUNAR ORTHOPHOTMAP (LO) SERIES (Published by DMATC) Lunar Topographic Orthophotmaps and Lunar Orthophotomaps Scale: 1:250,000 Projection: Transverse Mercator Sheet Size: 25.5”x 26.5” The Lunar Topographic Orthophotmaps and Lunar Orthophotomaps Series are the first comprehensive and continuous mapping to be accomplished from Apollo Mission 15-17 mapping photographs. This series is also the first major effort to apply recent advances in orthophotography to lunar mapping. Presently developed maps of this series were designed to support initial lunar scientific investigations primarily employing results of Apollo Mission 15-17 data. Individual maps of this series cover 4 degrees of lunar latitude and 5 degrees of lunar longitude consisting of 1/16 of the area of a 1:1,000,000 scale Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) (Section 4.2.1). Their apha-numeric identification (example – LTO38B1) consists of the designator LTO for topographic orthophoto editions or LO for orthophoto editions followed by the LAC number in which they fall, followed by an A, B, C or D designator defining the pertinent LAC quadrant and a 1, 2, 3, or 4 designator defining the specific sub-quadrant actually covered. The following designation (250) identifies the sheets as being at 1:250,000 scale. The LTO editions display 100-meter contours, 50-meter supplemental contours and spot elevations in a red overprint to the base, which is lithographed in black and white. LO editions are identical except that all relief information is omitted and selenographic graticule is restricted to border ticks, presenting an umencumbered view of lunar features imaged by the photographic base.
    [Show full text]
  • October 2006
    OCTOBER 2 0 0 6 �������������� http://www.universetoday.com �������������� TAMMY PLOTNER WITH JEFF BARBOUR 283 SUNDAY, OCTOBER 1 In 1897, the world’s largest refractor (40”) debuted at the University of Chica- go’s Yerkes Observatory. Also today in 1958, NASA was established by an act of Congress. More? In 1962, the 300-foot radio telescope of the National Ra- dio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) went live at Green Bank, West Virginia. It held place as the world’s second largest radio scope until it collapsed in 1988. Tonight let’s visit with an old lunar favorite. Easily seen in binoculars, the hexagonal walled plain of Albategnius ap- pears near the terminator about one-third the way north of the south limb. Look north of Albategnius for even larger and more ancient Hipparchus giving an almost “figure 8” view in binoculars. Between Hipparchus and Albategnius to the east are mid-sized craters Halley and Hind. Note the curious ALBATEGNIUS AND HIPPARCHUS ON THE relationship between impact crater Klein on Albategnius’ southwestern wall and TERMINATOR CREDIT: ROGER WARNER that of crater Horrocks on the northeastern wall of Hipparchus. Now let’s power up and “crater hop”... Just northwest of Hipparchus’ wall are the beginnings of the Sinus Medii area. Look for the deep imprint of Seeliger - named for a Dutch astronomer. Due north of Hipparchus is Rhaeticus, and here’s where things really get interesting. If the terminator has progressed far enough, you might spot tiny Blagg and Bruce to its west, the rough location of the Surveyor 4 and Surveyor 6 landing area.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Experimental Techniques for Aerosol Hygroscopicity Studies
    Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-398 Manuscript under review for journal Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussion started: 3 May 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 A review of experimental techniques for aerosol hygroscopicity studies 2 3 Mingjin Tang,1,* Chak K Chan,2,* Yong Jie Li,3 Hang Su,4,5 Qingxin Ma,6 Zhijun Wu,7 Guohua 4 Zhang,1 Zhe Wang,8 Maofa Ge,9 Min Hu,7 Hong He,6,10,11 Xinming Wang1,10,11 5 6 1 State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of 7 Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, 8 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China 9 2 School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 10 China 11 3 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, 12 University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China 13 4 Center for Air Pollution and Climate Change Research (APCC), Institute for Environmental 14 and Climate Research (ECI), Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China 15 5 Department of Multiphase Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55118, 16 Germany 17 6 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research 18 Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China 19 7 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of 20 Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 21 8 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 22 Hong Kong, China 23 9 State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of 24 Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 25 10 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 1 Atmos.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Science Report
    7. Photographic Summary of Apollo 77 Mission James H. Sasser The geographical exploration of new frontiers mil Estar polyester base. Ektachrome EF S016S has usually occurred many years before scien- color film on a 2.5-mil Estar polyester base was tists visited and studied the areas in detail. For exposed on the lunar surface. Thc higher speed example, the existence of Antarctica as a conti- of this color film was expected to be more suit- nent was known from the time Charles Wilkes able for lunar surface photography because of explored 1500 miles of the coastline in 1840. tl~elow light levels anticipated and confirmed However, extensive Antarctic exploration did to exist on the lunar surface. Other color 70-mm not begin until the 20th century with the voy- exposures of the Earth and Moon were taken ages of Scott, Amundsen, Shackleton, and Byrd. on Ektachrome MS S036S color reversal film It was not until the International Geophysical on a 2.5-mil Estar polyester base. Year (July 1957 to December 1958) that scien- The 16-mm film taken during lunar module tists from 12 countries began conducting an (LM) descent provided the first accurate knowl- ambitious Antarctic research program. In this edge of the exact landing point on the lunar respect, the first manned lunar exploration was surface. The 70-mm photographs taken on the unique. The scientific experiments were care- lunar surface provided panoramic views of the fully planned, and the astronauts were trained surface near the landed LM and allowed de- as surrogates for scientists representing many tailed topographic mapping of the lunar surface disciplines.
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctic Treaty Handbook
    Annex Proposed Renumbering of Antarctic Protected Areas Existing SPA’s Existing Site Proposed Year Annex V No. New Site Management Plan No. Adopted ‘Taylor Rookery 1 101 1992 Rookery Islands 2 102 1992 Ardery Island and Odbert Island 3 103 1992 Sabrina Island 4 104 Beaufort Island 5 105 Cape Crozier [redesignated as SSSI no.4] - - Cape Hallet 7 106 Dion Islands 8 107 Green Island 9 108 Byers Peninsula [redesignated as SSSI no. 6] - - Cape Shireff [redesignated as SSSI no. 32] - - Fildes Peninsula [redesignated as SSSI no.5] - - Moe Island 13 109 1995 Lynch Island 14 110 Southern Powell Island 15 111 1995 Coppermine Peninsula 16 112 Litchfield Island 17 113 North Coronation Island 18 114 Lagotellerie Island 19 115 New College Valley 20 116 1992 Avian Island (was SSSI no. 30) 21 117 ‘Cryptogram Ridge’ 22 118 Forlidas and Davis Valley Ponds 23 119 Pointe-Geologic Archipelago 24 120 1995 Cape Royds 1 121 Arrival Heights 2 122 Barwick Valley 3 123 Cape Crozier (was SPA no. 6) 4 124 Fildes Peninsula (was SPA no. 12) 5 125 Byers Peninsula (was SPA no. 10) 6 126 Haswell Island 7 127 Western Shore of Admiralty Bay 8 128 Rothera Point 9 129 Caughley Beach 10 116 1995 ‘Tramway Ridge’ 11 130 Canada Glacier 12 131 Potter Peninsula 13 132 Existing SPA’s Existing Site Proposed Year Annex V No. New Site Management Plan No. Adopted Harmony Point 14 133 Cierva Point 15 134 North-east Bailey Peninsula 16 135 Clark Peninsula 17 136 North-west White Island 18 137 Linnaeus Terrace 19 138 Biscoe Point 20 139 Parts of Deception Island 21 140 ‘Yukidori Valley’ 22 141 Svarthmaren 23 142 Summit of Mount Melbourne 24 118 ‘Marine Plain’ 25 143 Chile Bay 26 144 Port Foster 27 145 South Bay 28 146 Ablation Point 29 147 Avian Island [redesignated as SPA no.
    [Show full text]
  • Redacted for Privacy Abstract Approved: John V
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF MIAH ALLAN BEAL for the Doctor of Philosophy (Name) (Degree) in Oceanography presented on August 12.1968 (Major) (Date) Title:Batymety and_Strictuof_thp..4rctic_Ocean Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: John V. The history of the explordtion of the Central Arctic Ocean is reviewed.It has been only within the last 15 years that any signifi- cant number of depth-sounding data have been collected.The present study uses seven million echo soundings collected by U. S. Navy nuclear submarines along nearly 40, 000 km of track to construct, for the first time, a reasonably complete picture of the physiography of the basin of the Arctic Ocean.The use of nuclear submarines as under-ice survey ships is discussed. The physiography of the entire Arctic basin and of each of the major features in the basin are described, illustrated and named. The dominant ocean floor features are three mountain ranges, generally paralleling each other and the 40°E. 140°W. meridian. From the Pacific- side of the Arctic basin toward the Atlantic, they are: The Alpha Cordillera; The Lomonosov Ridge; andThe Nansen Cordillera. The Alpha Cordillera is the widest of the three mountain ranges. It abuts the continental slopes off the Canadian Archipelago and off Asia across more than550of longitude on each slope.Its minimum width of about 300 km is located midway between North America and Asia.In cross section, the Alpha Cordillera is a broad arch rising about two km, above the floor of the basin.The arch is marked by volcanoes and regions of "high fractured plateau, and by scarps500to 1000 meters high.The small number of data from seismology, heat flow, magnetics and gravity studies are reviewed.The Alpha Cordillera is interpreted to be an inactive mid-ocean ridge which has undergone some subsidence.
    [Show full text]