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Tropical Palms 201 10 REFERENCES7 Alam, M.K. 1990. Rattans of Bangladesh. Chittagong: Bangladesh Forest Research Institute. Amatya, S.M. 1997. The rattans of Nepal. Kathmandu: IUCN. Aminuddin, M., Rahim, S. and Lee, H.S. 1985. Country Report: Malaysia. In: Wong and Manokaran. Op. cit., pp. 221-229. Amwatta, C.J.M. 2004. Diversity of use of doum palm (Hyphaene compressa) leaves in Kenya. Palms 48(4): 184-190. Anderson, A.B. 1978. The names and uses of palms among a tribe of Yanomama Indians. Principes 22(1):30-41. Anderson, A.B. 1988. Use and management of native forests dominated by açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) in the Amazon Estuary. Advances in Economic Botany 6:144-154. Anderson, A.B., May, P.H. and Balick, M.J. 1991. The subsidy from nature: palm forests, peasantry, and development on an Amazon frontier. New York: Columbia University Press. Anderson, P.J. 2004. The social context for harvesting Iriartea deltoidea (Arecaceae). Economic Botany 58(3):410-419. Anila Kumai, B. and Rajyalakshmi, P. 2000. Qualitative aspects, product sustainability and in vitro digestibility of Caryota palm sago: an uncommon food of tribals. Journal of Food Science and Technology 37(1):75-78. Antolin, A.T. 1995. Rattan: a source of employment for upland communities of northeastern Luzon. In: Durst and Bishop. Op. cit., pp. 55-60. Aralas, S., Mohamed, M. and Bakar, M.F.A. 2009. Antioxidant properties of selected salak (Salacca zalacca) varieties in Sabah, Malaysia. Nutrition and Food Science 39(3):243-250. ARECOP. 1994. Proceedings of the workshop on small scale palm sugar industries. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Asia Regional Cookstove Program. Ashari, S. 2002. On the agronomy and botany of salak (Salacca zalacca). Wageningen: Wageningen University. Asif, M.I.A. and Al-Ghamdi, A.S. (eds.). 1986. Bibliography of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia: Date Palm Research Center. Atchley, A.A. 1984. Nutritional value of palms. Principes 28(3):138-143. ATI, 1995. Proceedings of the third national rattan conference: 24-25 August 1995. Manila, Philippines: Appropriate Technology International. 7 Arranged alphabetically and chronologically strictly by first author 202 Tropical Palms Avé, W. 1988. Small-scale utilization of rattan by a Semai community in West Malaysia. Economic Botany 42(1):105-119. Bacilieri, R. and Appanah, S. (eds.) 1999. Rattan cultivation: achievements, problems and prospects. An international consultation of experts for the project: conversation, genetic improvement and silviculture of rattans in south-east Asia. 12-14 May, 1998, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: CIRAD-Forêt/FRIM. Baker, W.J. and Dransfield, J. 2006. Field guide to the palms of New Guinea. Richmond, U.K.: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Balick, M.J. 1979a. Amazonian oil palms of promise: a survey. Economic Botany 33(1):11- 28. Balick, M.J. 1979b. Economic botany of the Guahibo. I. Palmae. Economic Botany 33(4):361-376. Balick, M.J. and Gershoff, S.N. 1981. Nutritional evaluation of the Jessenia bataua palm: source of high quality protein and oil from tropical America. Economic Botany 35(3):261- 271. Balick, M.J. 1984. Ethnobotany of palms in the neotropics. Advances in Economic Botany 1:9-23. Balick, M.J. 1986. Systematics and economic botany of the Oenocarpus-Jessenia (Palmae) complex. Advances in Economic Botany 3:1-140. Balick, M.J. 1987. The economic utilization of the babassu palm: a conservation strategy for sustaining tropical forest resources. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 77(4):215-223. Balick, M.J. 1988a. Jessenia and Oenocarpus: neotropical oil palms worthy of domestication. FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper 88. Rome: FAO. Balick, M.J. (ed.) 1988b. The palm -- tree of life: biology, utilization and conservation. Advances in Economic Botany 6:1-282. Balick, M.J. 1988c. The use of palms by the Apinayé and Guajajara Indians of northeastern Brazil. Advances in Economic Botany 6:65-90. Balick, M.J. 1989. The diversity of use of neotropical palms. Ceiba 30(1):21-46. Balick, M.J. 1990. Production of coyol wine from Acrocomia mexicana (Arecaceae) in Honduras. Economic Botany 44(1):84-93. Balick, M.J. and Beck, H.T. (eds.) 1990. Useful palms of the world: a synoptic bibliography. New York: Columbia University Press. Barfod, A. and Balslev, H. 1988. The use of palms by the Cayapas and Coaiqueres on the coastal plain of Ecuador. Principes 32(1):29-42. Tropical Palms 203 Barfod, A. 1989. The rise and fall of vegetable ivory. Principes 33(4):181-190. Barfod, A.S., Bergmann, B. and Borgtoft Pedersen, H. 1990. The vegetable ivory industry: surviving and doing well in Ecuador. Economic Botany 44(3):293-300. Barreveld, W.H. 1993. Date palm products. Agricultural Services Bulletin 101. Rome: FAO. Barrow, S. 1998. A revision of Phoenix. Kew Bulletin 53(3):513-575. Basit, M.A. 1995. Non-wood forest products from the mangrove forests of Bangladesh. In: Durst and Bishop. Op. cit., pp. 193-200. Basu, S.K. 1991. India: palm utilization and conservation. In: Johnson 1991b. Op. cit., pp. 13- 35. Basu, S.K. 1992. Rattans (canes) in India: a monographic revision. Kuala Lumpur: Rattan Information Centre. Basu, S.K. and Chakraverty, R.K. 1994. A manual of cultivated palms in India. Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India. Bavappa, K.V.A., Nair, M.K. and Kumar, T.P. (eds.) 1982. The arecanut palm (Areca cathecu Linn.). Kasaragod, Kerala: Central Plantation Crops Research Institute. Bayton, R.P. and Ouédraogo. 2009. Discovering Africa’s newest palm. Palms 53(1):37-45. Beckerman, S. 1977. The uses of palms by the Bari Indians of the Maracaibo basin. Principes 21(4):143-154. Beer, J.H. de and McDermott, M.J. 1989. The economic value of non-timber forest products in Southeast Asia. Amsterdam: Netherlands Committee for IUCN. Bernal, R. 1992. Colombian palm products. In: Plotkin and Famolare. Op. cit., pp. 158-172. Bernal, R. 1995. Nuevas especies y combinaciones en la subtribu Wettiniinae (Palmae). Caldasia 17(82-85):367-378. Beye, M. and Eychenne, D. 1991. La palmeraie de Casamance. Série Études et Recherches 105. Dakar, Senegal: ENDA. Bhat, K.M. 1992. Structure and properties of South Indian rattans. Peechi, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute. Blanc-Pamard, C. 1980. De l’utilisation de trois éspèces de palmiers dans le sud du "V Boualé" (Côte d’Ivoire). Série Sciences Humaine, Cahiers d’ORSTOM 17(3/4):247-257. Blanco Metzler, A., Monteiro Campos, M., Fernández Piedra, M. and Mora-Urpí, J. 1992. Pejibaye palm fruit contribution to human nutrition. Principes 36(2):66-69. Blatter, E. 1926. The palms of British India and Ceylon. London: Oxford University Press. 204 Tropical Palms Blicher-Mathiesen, U. and Balslev, H. 1990. Attalea colenda (Arecaceae), a potential lauric oil resource. Economic Botany 44(3):360-368. Blombery, A. and Rodd, T. 1982. Palms. Sydney, Australia: Angus & Robertson. Bodley, J.H. and Benson, F.C. 1979. Cultural ecology of Amazonian palms. Report 56, Laboratory of Anthropology. Pullman, WS: Washington State University. Bomhard, M.L. 1964. Palms--their use in building. Leaflet No. 2. Washington, DC: Housing and Home Finance Agency, Office of International Housing. Bonde, S.D., Agate, V.V. and Kulkarni, D.K. 1990. Nutritional composition of the fruits of doum palms (Hyphaene) from the west coast of India. Principes 34(1):21-23. Boom, B.M. 1986. The Chacobo Indians and their palms. Principes 30(2):63-70. Boonsermsuk, S., Pattanavibool, R. and Sombun, K. 2007. Rattan in Thailand. Bangkok: Royal Forest Department and ITTO. Borchsenius, F. and Bernal, R. 1996. Aiphanes (Palmae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 70. Borchsenius, F., Borgtoft Pedersen, H. and Balslev, H. 1998. Manual of the palms of Ecuador. Aarhus, Denmark: University of Aarhus. Borchsenius, F. and Skov, F. 1999. Conservation status of palms (Arecaceae) in Ecuador. Acta Botanica Venezuelica 22(1):221-236. Borgtoft Pedersen, H. and Balslev, H. 1990. Ecuadorean palms for agroforestry. AAU Report 23:1-122. Borgtoft Pedersen, H. 1992. Use and management of Aphandra natalia (Palmae) in Ecuador. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Études Andines 21(2):741-753. Borgtoft Pedersen, H. 1994. Mocora palm-fibers: use and management of Astrocaryum standleyanum (Arecaceae) in Ecuador. Economic Botany 48(3):310-325. Borgtoft Pedersen, H. 1996. Production and harvest of fibers from Aphandra natalia (Palmae) in Ecuador. Forest Ecology and Management 80:155-161. Bourgoing, R. 1991. Coconut: a pictorial technical guide for smallholders. Paris: IRHO. Bridgewater, S.G.M., Pickles, P., Garwood, N.C., Penn, M., Bateman, R.M., Morgan, H.P., Wicks N. and Bol, N. 2006. Chamaedorea (xaté) in the greater Maya Mountains and the Chiquibul Forest Reserve, Belize: an economic assessment of a non-timber forest product. Economic Botany 60(3):265-283. Broekhoven, G. 1996. Non-timber forest products: ecological and economic aspects of exploitation in Colombia, Ecuador and Bolivia. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. Tropical Palms 205 Broschat, T.K. and Meerow, A.W. 2000. Ornamental palm horticulure. Gainesville FL: University Press of Florida. Brown, W.H. and Merrill, E.D. 1919. Philippine palms and palm products. Bulletin No. 18, Bureau of Forestry, Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Manila: Bureau of Printing. Burkill, I.H. 1966. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay peninsula. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. Byg, A. and Balslev, H. 2003. Palm heart extraction in Zahamena, eastern Madagascar. Palms 47(1):37-44. Calera Hidalgo, R. 1992. The tagua initiative in Ecuador: a community approach to tropical rain forest conservation and development. In: Plotkin and Famolare. Op. cit., pp. 263-273. Campbell, R. 2009. The economic potential of rattan shoot production as a food crop in Lao PDR. Technical Report. Vientiane, Laos: WWF.
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    Givnish et al. – American Journal of Botany – Appendix S2. Taxa included in the across- monocots study and sources of sequence data. Sources not included in the main bibliography are listed at the foot of this table. Order Famiy Species Authority Source Acorales Acoraceae Acorus americanus (Raf.) Raf. Leebens-Mack et al. 2005 Acorus calamus L. Goremykin et al. 2005 Alismatales Alismataceae Alisma triviale Pursh Ross et al. 2016 Astonia australiensis (Aston) S.W.L.Jacobs Ross et al. 2016 Baldellia ranunculoides (L.) Parl. Ross et al. 2016 Butomopsis latifolia (D.Don) Kunth Ross et al. 2016 Caldesia oligococca (F.Muell.) Buchanan Ross et al. 2016 Damasonium minus (R.Br.) Buchenau Ross et al. 2016 Echinodorus amazonicus Rataj Ross et al. 2016 (Rusby) Lehtonen & Helanthium bolivianum Myllys Ross et al. 2016 (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Hydrocleys nymphoides Willd.) Buchenau Ross et al. 2016 Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau Ross et al. 2016 Luronium natans Raf. Ross et al. 2016 (Rich. ex Kunth) Ranalisma humile Hutch. Ross et al. 2016 Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Ross et al. 2016 Wiesneria triandra (Dalzell) Micheli Ross et al. 2016 Aponogetonaceae Aponogeton distachyos L.f. Ross et al. 2016 Araceae Aglaonema costatum N.E.Br. Henriquez et al. 2014 Aglaonema modestum Schott ex Engl. Henriquez et al. 2014 Aglaonema nitidum (Jack) Kunth Henriquez et al. 2014 Alocasia fornicata (Roxb.) Schott Henriquez et al. 2014 (K.Koch & C.D.Bouché) K.Koch Alocasia navicularis & C.D.Bouché Henriquez et al. 2014 Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. Henriquez et al. 2014 Anchomanes hookeri (Kunth) Schott Henriquez et al. 2014 Anthurium huixtlense Matuda Henriquez et al.
  • The Extinct Macaws of the West Indies, with Special Reference to Cuban Macaw Ara Tricolor

    The Extinct Macaws of the West Indies, with Special Reference to Cuban Macaw Ara Tricolor

    James W. Wiley & Guy M. Kirwan 125 Bull. B.O.C. 2013 133(2) The extinct macaws of the West Indies, with special reference to Cuban Macaw Ara tricolor by James W. Wiley & Guy M. Kirwan Received 7 January 2013 Summary.—The best-known species of West Indian macaw, and the only one for which skin specimens exist, is Cuban Macaw Ara tricolor, although at least seven and sometimes as many as 15 diferent species of Ara and Anodorhynchus have been speculated to have formerly occurred in the Greater and Lesser Antilles. We review available historical and prehistorical evidence for the existence of these diferent species and conclude that only two or three, St. Croix Macaw Ara autochthones, A. tricolor and perhaps Montserrat Macaw Ara. sp., and can be defnitively admited, with reasonably strong evidence for another, Gosse’s Macaw Ara gossei of Jamaica. In addition to reviewing the causes and paterns of decline in West Indian macaws, we provide a complete overview of available knowledge concerning A. tricolor, including details of all extant specimens (19). In particular, we draw atention to a commonly repeated error in much of the ornithological literature over the past six decades concerning the fnal demise of Cuban Macaw, as well as to historical data that suggest the species’ range was wider than is often admited. Although only a few sketchy passages exist from those who saw live macaws in the West Indies, those forid descriptions give us an appreciation of the former beauty, now in large part lost, of those islands’ diverse parrot fauna.
  • A Survey of Cyanogenesis in Palms (Arecaceae) Carl E

    A Survey of Cyanogenesis in Palms (Arecaceae) Carl E

    Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 28 (2000) 219}228 A survey of cyanogenesis in palms (Arecaceae) Carl E. Lewis!,*, Scott Zona",# !L.H. Bailey Hortorium, 462 Mann Library, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA "Fairchild Tropical Garden, 11935 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33156, USA #Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA Received 21 December 1998; received in revised form 25 January 1999; accepted 27 May 1999 Abstract We surveyed leaf material of 545 individual palms representing 108 genera and 155 species for cyanogenesis using the Feigl-Anger test. We detected HCN production in only two species of one genus, Drymophloeus. Additional smaller surveys of shoot meristems and roots revealed cyanogenesis only in the shoot meristem of one species of Dypsis. Our results indicate that cyanogenesis is rather rare in the family. ( 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Drymophloeus; Dypsis; Arecaceae; Palmae; Palms; Cyanogenesis; Cyanide; HCN 1. Introduction Cyanide production is a widespread phenomenon in plants, with cyanogenic compounds present in many species across the plant kingdom (Hegnauer, 1977). These compounds are often ecologically signi"cant and can be hazardous to human health when they occur in crop plants. Although cyanogenesis has arisen indepen- dently in several lineages, it is a good taxonomic marker for several groups of plants (e.g., Passi#oraceae; Olafsdottir et al., 1989). Cyanogenic plants typically store cyanide in the form of cyanogenic glycosides. These plants release HCN only after tissue damage brings apoplastic {-glucosidases into contact with vacuolar glycosides. Some phenotypically acyanogenic plants * Corresponding author. Tel.: #1-607-255-8916 fax: #1-607-255-7979.