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Issn 2319 – 9202 INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF COMMERCE, ARTS AND SCIENCE ISSN 2319 – 9202 An Internationally Indexed Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journal Shri Param Hans Education & Research Foundation Trust WWW.CASIRJ.COM www.SPHERT.org Published by iSaRa Solutions CASIRJ Volume 10 Issue 6 [Year - 2019] ISSN 2319 – 9202 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION THROUGH MGNREGA IN MEGHALAYA Happy Sutnga, Dr. Gita Pyal Research Scholar, Dept. of. Sociology, William Carey University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India Research Supervisor, Dept. of. Sociology, William Carey University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India Email: [email protected] Abstract The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is Primarily Enacted to provide hundred Days of Guaranteed Employment in a Year to Rural Households on Demand Basis and Creation of Durable Assets to Strengthen Rural Livelihood Resource Base. Studies Based on Empirical Evidences Indicate Mixed Outcome in Terms of Employment Generation and Durability and Usefulness of the Assets Created. the Act Stresses upon Identification, Planning, Execution and Monitoring of Projects in a Participatory Manner with a View to Deepening Democracy. Gram Panchayats (GPS) are assigned with the Responsibility of formulating the Works. The Present Study Attempts to Extent of employment generation through NREGA in Meghalaya. Keywords: NREGA, job, Introduction National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 (or, NREGA No 42, later renamed as the "Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act", MGNREGA), is an Indian labour law and social security measure that aims to guarantee the 'right to work'. It aims to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.[1][2] The act was first proposed in 1991 by P.V. Narasimha Rao.[3] It was finally accepted in the parliament and commenced implementation in 625 districts of India. Based on this pilot experience, NREGA was scoped up to cover all the districts of India from 1 April 2008.[4] The statute is hailed by the government as "the largest and most ambitious social security and public works programme in the world".[5] In its World Development Report 2014, the World Bank termed it a "stellar example of rural development".[6] The MGNREGA was initiated with the objective of "enhancing livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year, to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work".[7]Another aim of MGNREGA is to create durable assets (such as roads, canals, ponds and wells). Employment is to be provided within 5 km of an applicant's residence, and minimum wages are to be paid. If International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com Page 32 CASIRJ Volume 10 Issue 6 [Year - 2019] ISSN 2319 – 9202 work is not provided within 15 days of applying, applicants are entitled to an unemployment allowance. Thus, employment under MGNREGA is a legal entitlement. MGNREGA is to be implemented mainly by gram panchayats (GPs). The involvement of contractors is banned. Labour-intensive tasks like creating infrastructure for water harvesting, drought relief and flood control are preferred. Apart from providing economic security and creating rural assets, NREGA can help in protecting the environment, empowering rural women, reducing rural-urban migration and fostering social equity, among others." The law provides many safeguards to promote its effective management and implementation. The act explicitly mentions the principles and agencies for implementation, list of allowed works, financing pattern, monitoring and evaluation, and most importantly the detailed measures to ensure transparency and accountability. Literature Review Amrita Banerjee and Santana Guha (2012) in their article titled, "NREGA and Rural Employment in West Bengal: An Evaluative Study at Jalpaiguri District" have infers that MGNREGA has given employment opportunity advocated wages and gone about as an against poverty program. Obligated people cleared their obligation as they turned out to be a piece of the program. MGNREGA has improved the livelihood security of the family at the gross root level by reinforcing the panchayat raj and the demonstration still needs much change to accomplish a definitive objective. Bhurelal Patidar and Dinesh Gupta(2017) in their article titled, "MGNREGA – Issues and Challenges" have stated a few difficulties in making helpful resources, as so for the works identified with water harvesting and conservation, ceasing of waterway distributaries, refining and remodel of old lakes and burrowing new lakes are mostly completed under NREGS and there is a need of improvement in making/distinguishing new employment opportunities. Significance ought to be given to forestation under NREGA by connecting it to other ranger service programs. Rural sanitation range additionally included with this program. Advance, works taken up under NREGA stay fragmented, starting new works and surrendered the old deficient works. The structures made under NREGA are washed out amid rainstorm and prompts wastage of financial and HR and finishing and support of works under NREGA ought to be made mandatory. Village development through gainful resource creation ought to be made as an essential target of the plan. Accomplishment of NREGA ought to not exclusively be surveyed regarding employment gave additionally the advantage made. Government ought to take genuine measures to see the cash is used to make resources and along these lines get a genuine change rural economy. Bigi Thomas and Ruby Bhatia(2012) in their Study titled, "Effect of NREGA Scheme: A Study on the Overall Quality of Life of its Beneficiaries, (A Study Undertaken among Beneficiaries of 3 Districts of Gujarat State)" have stated that NREGA had acquired changes the lives of International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com Page 33 CASIRJ Volume 10 Issue 6 [Year - 2019] ISSN 2319 – 9202 recipients and this progression brought by NREGA are irrelevant and transitory. The income prior and then afterward joining the plan by respondents delineates the positive change acquired out by NREGA the economic state of recipients. Concerning on wellbeing and nourishment the respondents announced that they could have three suppers for each day after NREGA work days. There is a significant distinctive in consumption on education of children yet they can give their children extraordinary care in education. However the NREGA had gotten changes the social existences of recipients. I.J. Charles and J.M. Velmurugan(2018) in their review titled," Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 (MGNREGA) : Issues and Challenges" have reasoned that extensive scale social security programs like MGNREGA are subjected to undergo a few hindrances. Government and NGOs must review the effect of MGNREGA in rural regions to guarantee that this gigantic hostile to poverty plan is not getting weakened from its genuine way and to see that the divergence as far as financial condition among people in rural and urban regions is lessened to impressive broaden. Dinesh Das (2015) in his review, "Looking at India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act: Its Impact and Women Participation" has analyzed the effect and women support in MGNREGS and mentioned a few weaknesses of the Act as a) Non-accessibility of child care offices. b) Low level of Awareness. c) Nature of work. d) Poor worksite offices. e) Unlawful nearness of contractors and postponement in payments. Facilitate the review reasoned that MGMREGA has positive effect on women employment. Women are profited exclusively as they can procure autonomously burn through cash for their own needs, contribute in family use. The picked-up advantages of women as group be comprehended by expanded nearness in grama sabha, talking in gatherings and limit of communication. Poor implementation the country over gathered the gender affectability of this demonstration chiefly in north eastern state. Activities and changes ought to be taken to expel these obstructions. Jyothi Poonia (2017) in his article entitled, "Basic investigation of MGNREGA: Impact and Women Participation" has presumed that NREGA emerges for the way that it is request driven had more prominent lastingness than different plans, covers the entire country and has the potential both to give a base income and invigorated nearby development. The NREGA in its outline has endeavored some gender affectability whereas the public strategy and public work in India have not given careful consideration to gender touchy plan. Assist recommended that in Kerala there has been some move out agriculture into the NREGS basically as for female workers. The NREGS wages are paid through banks energizes investment funds. The NREGS in Kerala can possibly invigorate nearby development if the management and conveyance are great. International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com Page 34 CASIRJ Volume 10 Issue 6 [Year - 2019] ISSN 2319 – 9202 S. Krishnan and A. Balakrishnan (2018) in their review on "Effect of Watershed Works of MGNREGA on Poverty Alleviation – A Micro Level Study" have watched that because of successful implementation of MGNREGA in the review region has expanded development range from 28 for every penny to 36 for each penny because of expanded stockpiling
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