DOCSLIB.ORG

The Insect Fauna of Chondrilla Juncea L. (Asteraceae) in Bulgaria And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Insect Fauna of Chondrilla Juncea L. (Asteraceae) in Bulgaria And The insect fauna of Chondrilla juncea L. (Asteraceae) in Bulgaria and preliminary studies of Schinia cognata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as a potential biological control agent I. Lecheva,1 A. Karova1 and G. Markin2 Summary Between 2001 and 2005, a survey of rush skeletonweed, Chondrilla juncea L. (Asteraceae), and its associated insect fauna was conducted in Bulgaria. The weed occurs from sea level to 1200 m mainly on roadsides (47% of populations encountered), disturbed and abandoned farmlands (40%), as well as in orchards, vineyards and fields of wheat, roses and lavender. For the first time in Bulgaria, the insect species associated with the plant were inventoried. A total of 51 insect species were collected, but only four appeared to be specific to the plant. The most dominant species and the one considered most promising as a potential biological control agent was the moth, Schinia cognata Fr. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). S. cognata larvae feed on the reproductive parts of the plant, and during development, one larva can consume 61 to 62 flower buds or seed heads. In Bulgaria, the moth has two generations that overlap, with maximum population densities in July and August. S. cognata is widely distributed throughout Bulgaria and was found in high densities in most of the populations of C. juncea studied. It was not observed attacking any other native plant or cultivated plants, and preliminary host-range studies of four closely related species indicated that it could only feed and develop on C. juncea. S. cognata has therefore been selected as a potential biological control agent for possible future intro- duction in North America. Keywords: Schinia cognata, host-range testing, rush skeletonweed, distribution. Introduction some areas of Washington (Piper and Andres, 1995). However, in the cooler interior states of Oregon, Idaho Rush skeletonweed, Chondrilla juncea L. (Asteraceae), and Montana, the three agents have not given effective has been accidentally introduced in northwest USA and control. A new program was implemented to determine adjacent Canada, and in Argentina and Australia and if new and more effective biological control agents in all areas, it has become a major noxious weed. In could be found in Eurasia (Markin and Quimby, 1997). Australia, a program in the 1970s resulted in the suc- As part of this program, a study on C. juncea-associated cessful introduction of three biological control agents phytophagous insects to identify potential biocontrol that soon controlled C. juncea over most of its range agents was conducted in Bulgaria in 2000 to 2005 (Cullen and Groves, 1977). A similar program by the (Karova and Lecheva, 2005, Karova, 2006). Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture introduced and established the same three agents in North America and resulted in satisfac- Methods and materials tory control of the weed in the state of California and From 2000 to 2005, field visits were made to all regions of Bulgaria to determine the distribution, main habi- 1 Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Faculty of Plant Protection and tats, population densities and phenology of C. juncea. Agroecology, 12 Mendeleev Str., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria. When stands of C. juncea were encountered, the plants 2 USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station Forestry Sci- were visually examined, and all associated insects col- ences Laboratory, Bozeman, MT, USA. Corresponding author: I. Lecheva <[email protected]>. lected. Samples of flower buds, stems and roots were © CAB International 2008 also collected and dissected. Individuals collected as 301 XII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds larvae were reared in the laboratory using potted C. Table 1. Frequency distribution by habitat of 84 stands of juncea plants or using the appropriate plant part in Chondrilla juncea found in a survey of Bulgaria plastic cages or Petri dishes, and adults that emerged between 2001 and 2005 (Karova and Lecheva, were identified. 2005; Karova, 2006). From this survey, the most common and destructive Habitats in which Percent of stands insect encountered was the moth, Schinia cognata Fr. Chondrilla juncea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which was selected for more was found detailed studies. Laboratory studies of the development Road sides 46.75 and feeding behaviour of S. cognata were conducted Abandon farmland 39.4 at the facility of the Department of Agri-Ecology and Fallow wheat fields 4.25 Entomology of the Agricultural University of Plovdiv Grape vineyards 4.25 a (Bulgaria). Observations on the seasonal population Fields of roses 1.06 a dynamics of S. cognata were conducted on two popu- Fields of lavender 1.06 lations near Plovdiv in central Bulgaria in 2003 and Other locations 4.27 2004, using sweep netting. The sites were visited eight a Fields of ornamental roses (Rosa spp.) (Rosaceae) and lavender times during each summer, and five batches of 100 (Lavandula officinallis L.) (Labiatae) are extensively grown in Bulgaria as a source of fragrance. plants swept with a 37-cm diameter canvas sweep net. The sampling was carried out primarily to determine juncea were usually other weed species such as Cicho- the abundance of S. cognata adults and larvae, but all rium intybus L. (Asteraceae), Chamomilla recutita (L.) other insects collected were also counted to provide Rauschert (Asteraceae), Avena fatua L. (Poaceae), Cus- an estimate of their relative abundance (percent of all cuta spp. (Convolvulaceae), Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. insects collected over the 2 years). To determine the (Asteraceae), Centaurea cyanus L. (Asteraceae) and potential host range of S. cognata, other plant species Verbascum thapsus L. (Scrophulariaceae). of Asteraceae growing adjacent to attacked C. juncea The vegetative growth of rush skeletonweed in Bul- plants were searched for S. cognata larvae. garia begins at the end of March and the first weeks of Laboratory feeding tests were conducted using field April depending on the local climatic conditions and collected early instar larvae or larvae reared from eggs. altitude. Flower buds are formed at the beginning of We determined the development and feeding impact June, and flowering was observed at the end of the same (number of reproductive structures consumed) of lar- month; by November, the flowering stem had died. vae held on potted plants and bouquets of plants, cov- ered by transparent plastic screen cages. Choice feeding Phytophagous insects feeding tests used bouquets of C. juncea intermixed with a test plant with their bases wrapped in cotton, placed in small on C. juncea tubes of water and held in plastic screen cages. For During the 5 years of the survey, a total of over no-choice feeding tests, the reproductive parts of the 51 insect species from Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Het- plant being tested were offered to larvae held in a 20 ´ eroptera, Homoptera and Diptera were found associ- 1.5 cm glass Petri dish. Reproductive parts were re- ated with C. juncea. The species found, their density placed when consumed or wilted until either the larvae and seasonal occurrence has been presented elsewhere pupated or died. All choice and no-choice tests were (Karova and Lecheva, 2005; Karova, 2006). Most of the replicated ten times using one larva each. For these identified species were moth larvae, leaf beetles, plant preliminary host tests, four locally available species of bugs and other sucking insects. To a lesser extent, the closely related Asteraceae were used. flower buds, flowers and seed heads of C. juncea were damaged by plant bugs, Lepidoptera larvae and beetles. Only two species were recovered from the roots: larvae Results and discussion of the moth, Bradyrrhoa gilveolella Tri. (Lepidoptera: Distribution, habitats, population density Pyralidae), which feeds in a sand-encrusted silken case on the outside of the root, and the beetle Mordelistena and phenology of C. juncea micans Germ. (Coleoptera: Mordellidae), the larva of C. juncea is widespread throughout Bulgaria and was which mines down the central core of the root. Most of found in 23 of the 26 regions (=states; Karova and Lech- the species are generalists and thus cannot be consid- eva, 2005). It occurs mainly on roadsides and disturbed ered as potential biocontrol agents. Only four species lands and also in orchards, grape vineyards and fields of appeared to have a restricted host range: B. gilveolella, wheat, lavender and roses (Table 1). It was found from 0 M. micans, the midge Cystiphora schmidti Rub. (Dip- to 1200 m above sea level. The densest populations (50 tera: Cocidomidae) and the flower-feeding moth, S. plants/m2) were observed on abandoned farmland around cognata Fr. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). B. gilveolella the cities of Plovdiv, Varna, Ihtiman and Dupnitza and and C. schmidti have already been studied and intro- nearly as dense populations (25 to 50 plants per square duced as biological control agents in Australia and the meter) in Blagoevgrad. Other plants occurring with C. USA (Julien and Griffin, 1998; Piperet al., 2004). Min- 302 The insect fauna of Chondrilla juncea L. (Asteraceae) in Bulgaria and preliminary studies of Schinia cognata ing by M. micans appears to have no effect on the plant, Field collected larvae of S. cognata in flower buds of so we concentrated most of our effort on studying S. C. juncea were most abundant not only in the vicinity cognata. of Plovdiv but were also recovered in most regions of the country. Very little previous information exists on S. cognata. According to Nowacki and Fibiger (1996) S. cognata and Rakosy (1996), it occurs in the European part of Among all recovered insect species in Bulgaria, the former USSR, Czech Republic, Austria, Hungary, the seed-head-feeding moth, S. cognate, was the most Former Yugoslavia, Greece, Albania and Bulgaria. The abundant and damaging and seemed the most prom- first record of S. cognata in Bulgaria was from Bah- ising candidate for biological control of C. juncea.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fauna Lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis" 150 Years Later: Changes and Additions
    ©Ges. zur Förderung d. Erforschung von Insektenwanderungen e.V. München, download unter www.zobodat.at Atalanta (August 2000) 31 (1/2):327-367< Würzburg, ISSN 0171-0079 "Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis" 150 years later: changes and additions. Part 5. Noctuidae (Insecto, Lepidoptera) by Vasily V. A n ik in , Sergey A. Sachkov , Va d im V. Z o lo t u h in & A n drey V. Sv ir id o v received 24.II.2000 Summary: 630 species of the Noctuidae are listed for the modern Volgo-Ural fauna. 2 species [Mesapamea hedeni Graeser and Amphidrina amurensis Staudinger ) are noted from Europe for the first time and one more— Nycteola siculana Fuchs —from Russia. 3 species ( Catocala optata Godart , Helicoverpa obsoleta Fabricius , Pseudohadena minuta Pungeler ) are deleted from the list. Supposedly they were either erroneously determinated or incorrect noted from the region under consideration since Eversmann 's work. 289 species are recorded from the re­ gion in addition to Eversmann 's list. This paper is the fifth in a series of publications1 dealing with the composition of the pres­ ent-day fauna of noctuid-moths in the Middle Volga and the south-western Cisurals. This re­ gion comprises the administrative divisions of the Astrakhan, Volgograd, Saratov, Samara, Uljanovsk, Orenburg, Uralsk and Atyraus (= Gurjev) Districts, together with Tataria and Bash­ kiria. As was accepted in the first part of this series, only material reliably labelled, and cover­ ing the last 20 years was used for this study. The main collections are those of the authors: V. A n i k i n (Saratov and Volgograd Districts), S.
    [Show full text]
  • Liste Commentée Des Pentatomoidea De La Manche
    Liste commentée des Pentatomoidea de la Manche Deuxième partie : les Pentatominae Cet article constitue donc le deuxième volet de l’inventaire provisoire des pentatomoïdes de la Manche. Le premier, rappelons-le, paru dans L’Argiope 73 (LIVORY , 2011) traitait les Acanthosomatidae, les Cydnidae, les Thyreocoridae, les Scutelleridae et deux sous-familles de Pentatomidae, les Podopinae et les Asopinae. Nous terminons ce recensement avec la sous-famille des Pentatominae. Avant de poursuivre notre énumération, je voudrais rendre hommage à Jean PÉRI C ART (1928-2011) qui nous a quittés l’année passée. Cet éminent entomologiste avait rédigé la plupart des ouvrages de la Faune de France consacrés aux punaises, soit comme auteur unique soit en tant que co-auteur. Les travaux de PÉRI C ART sur les hétéroptères ont une valeur immense et une portée internationale. Les volumes sur les pentatomoïdes étaient en cours de parution et sur les cinq prévus, seuls deux actuellement ont vu le jour. Nous espérons que la disparition de cet auteur n’empêchera pas la poursuite de cette publication et qu’elle conservera le même niveau scientifique. Sous-famille des Pentatominae Ces punaises possèdent un scutellum triangulaire qui ne dépasse guère en arrière le milieu de l’abdomen, ce qui les distingue nettement des Podopinae. Le rostre est mince et atteint au moins les hanches moyennes. Son premier article est logé dans un sillon qui occupe toute la longueur de la tête. Ce caractère sépare sans ambiguïté les Pentatominae des Asopinae. La 28 Bull. trim. ass. Manche-Nature, L’Argiope N° 76-77 (2012) plupart des Pentatominae sont phytophages mais quelques-uns complètent ce régime par une nourriture animale.
    [Show full text]
  • Insektenkasten Mit Eulenfaltern
    Insektenkasten mit Eulenfaltern Kasten mit verschiedenen Arten von Eulenfaltern (Noctuidae) Maße: 40 x 30 x 6 cm Inventarnummer: ohne Aus der Insektensammlung des Departments für Evolutionsbiologie „Der erste Grad der Weisheit, sagt der Ritter v. Linné [1767, p. 12], ist das Erkenntniß der Dinge. Dieses Erkenntniß besteht in einem wahren Begriffe der Gegenstände, vermöge dessen Aehnliche von Unähnlichen durch eigene vom Schöpfer ihnen aufgedrückte Kennzeichen unterschieden werden. Wer dieses Kenntniß andern mittheilen will, muß allen verschiedenen Dingen eigene Namen geben, die niemal vermenget werden müßen. Denn mit den Namen fällt auch das Erkenntniß der Dinge.“ (Denis & Schiffermüller 1776, p. 23) Diese Feststellung Carl von Linnés (1707–1778), getroffen in der zwölften Auflage seines Hauptwerkes Systema naturae, fand als zentraler Gedanke Eingang in ein für die europäische Schmetterlingskunde grundlegendes Werk: das von Michael Denis (1729– 1800) und Ignaz Schiffermüller (1727–1806) verfasste „Systematische Verzeichniß der Schmetterlinge der Wienergegend“ (1 Aufl. 1775, 2 Aufl. 1776). Dieses Werk stellt eines der frühesten, mit dem Bemühen um Vollständigkeit angelegten Werke zur Schmetterlingsfauna eines geographisch klar umrissenen Gebietes dar. Das „Nebenprodukt“ dieser umfassenden Bestandsaufnahme war die Beschreibung einer sehr großen Zahl von damals der Wissenschaft noch unbekannten Arten aus Wien und Umgebung. Als Ausgangspunkt für ihre Bearbeitung diente den beiden Jesuiten Denis und Schiffermüller – beide Lehrer am Wiener Theresianum – eine umfangreiche selbst angelegte Schmetterlingssammlung. Auch an der Universität Wien wurde im darauffolgenden 19. Jahrhundert damit begonnen, eine Schmetterlingssammlung anzulegen (Salvini-Plawen & Mizzaro 1999, Waitzbauer 2012), die – so wie auch schon die Sammlung von Denis und Schiffermüller und ganz im Sinne des eingangs zitierten Linnés – primär als Lehrsammlung zur Vermittlung von Arten- und Formenkenntnis konzipiert war.
    [Show full text]
  • Jordan Beans RA RMO Dir
    Importation of Fresh Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Shelled or in Pods, from Jordan into the Continental United States A Qualitative, Pathway-Initiated Risk Assessment February 14, 2011 Version 2 Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Pest Risk Assessment for Beans from Jordan Executive Summary In this risk assessment we examined the risks associated with the importation of fresh beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), in pods (French, green, snap, and string beans) or shelled, from the Kingdom of Jordan into the continental United States. We developed a list of pests associated with beans (in any country) that occur in Jordan on any host based on scientific literature, previous commodity risk assessments, records of intercepted pests at ports-of-entry, and information from experts on bean production. This is a qualitative risk assessment, as we express estimates of risk in descriptive terms (High, Medium, and Low) rather than numerically in probabilities or frequencies. We identified seven quarantine pests likely to follow the pathway of introduction. We estimated Consequences of Introduction by assessing five elements that reflect the biology and ecology of the pests: climate-host interaction, host range, dispersal potential, economic impact, and environmental impact. We estimated Likelihood of Introduction values by considering both the quantity of the commodity imported annually and the potential for pest introduction and establishment. We summed the Consequences of Introduction and Likelihood of Introduction values to estimate overall Pest Risk Potentials, which describe risk in the absence of mitigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Working List of Prairie Restricted (Specialist) Insects in Wisconsin (11/26/2015)
    Working List of Prairie Restricted (Specialist) Insects in Wisconsin (11/26/2015) By Richard Henderson Research Ecologist, WI DNR Bureau of Science Services Summary This is a preliminary list of insects that are either well known, or likely, to be closely associated with Wisconsin’s original native prairie. These species are mostly dependent upon remnants of original prairie, or plantings/restorations of prairie where their hosts have been re-established (see discussion below), and thus are rarely found outside of these settings. The list also includes some species tied to native ecosystems that grade into prairie, such as savannas, sand barrens, fens, sedge meadow, and shallow marsh. The list is annotated with known host(s) of each insect, and the likelihood of its presence in the state (see key at end of list for specifics). This working list is a byproduct of a prairie invertebrate study I coordinated from1995-2005 that covered 6 Midwestern states and included 14 cooperators. The project surveyed insects on prairie remnants and investigated the effects of fire on those insects. It was funded in part by a series of grants from the US Fish and Wildlife Service. So far, the list has 475 species. However, this is a partial list at best, representing approximately only ¼ of the prairie-specialist insects likely present in the region (see discussion below). Significant input to this list is needed, as there are major taxa groups missing or greatly under represented. Such absence is not necessarily due to few or no prairie-specialists in those groups, but due more to lack of knowledge about life histories (at least published knowledge), unsettled taxonomy, and lack of taxonomic specialists currently working in those groups.
    [Show full text]
  • The Release and Recovery of Bradyrrhoa Gilveolella on Rush Skeletonweed in Southern Idaho
    478 Session 9 Post-release Evaluation and Management The Release and Recovery of Bradyrrhoa gilveolella on Rush Skeletonweed in Southern Idaho J. L. Littlefield1, G. Markin2, J. Kashefi3, A. de Meij1 and J. Runyon2 1Montana State University, Department of Land Resources & Environmental Sciences, PO 173120, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA [email protected] [email protected] 2US Forest Service (retired), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 1648 S. 7th Ave, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA [email protected] [email protected] 3USDA-ARS, European Biological Control Laboratory, Tsimiski 43, 7th Floor, Thessaloniki, Greece [email protected] Abstract Rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea L.) is a major noxious weed in Idaho and other areas of the Pacific Northwest. A biological control program was implemented during the late 1970s in an attempt to manage infestations of rush skeletonweed and to limit its spread into new areas. Three agents, Cystiphora schmidti (Rübsaamen) (a gall midge), Aceria chondrillae (Canestrini) (a gall mite), and Puccinia chondrillina Bubak & Sydenham (a rust fungus) have been established in Idaho and other areas of the western United States. However these agents have provided only limited control of the weed. One additional agent, the root-feeding moth Bradyrrhoa gilveolella (Treitschke) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), was approved by the USDA-APHIS for release in the United States in 2002. Initial releases were made in southern Idaho in November 2002 and during the summers of 2003 through 2009 (excluding 2005). Releases were made using infested plants (the 2002 initial release) then utilizing first instar larvae and adults from greenhouse colonies. In total we released the moth at eight sites utilizing nine infested plants (est.
    [Show full text]
  • Pattern of Callose Deposition During the Course of Meiotic Diplospory in Chondrilla Juncea (Asteraceae, Cichorioideae)
    Protoplasma DOI 10.1007/s00709-016-1039-y ORIGINAL ARTICLE Pattern of callose deposition during the course of meiotic diplospory in Chondrilla juncea (Asteraceae, Cichorioideae) Krystyna Musiał1 & Maria Kościńska-Pająk1 Received: 21 September 2016 /Accepted: 26 October 2016 # The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Total absence of callose in the ovules of dip- Keywords Apomixis . Callose . Megasporogenesis . Ovule . losporous species has been previously suggested. This paper Chondrilla . Rush skeletonweed is the first description of callose events in the ovules of Chondrilla juncea, which exhibits meiotic diplospory of the Taraxacum type. We found the presence of callose in the Introduction megasporocyte wall and stated that the pattern of callose de- position is dynamically changing during megasporogenesis. Callose, a β-1,3-linked homopolymer of glucose containing At the premeiotic stage, no callose was observed in the ovules. some β-1,6 branches, may be considered as a histological Callose appeared at the micropylar pole of the cell entering marker for a preliminary identification of the reproduction prophase of the first meioticdivision restitution but did not mode in angiosperms. In the majority of sexually reproducing surround the megasporocyte. After the formation of a restitu- flowering plants, the isolation of the spore mother cell and the tion nucleus, a conspicuous callose micropylar cap and dis- tetrad by callose walls is a striking feature of both micro- and persed deposits of callose were detected in the megasporocyte megasporogenesis (Rodkiewicz 1970; Bhandari 1984; Bouman wall. During the formation of a diplodyad, the micropylar 1984; Lersten 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • EMBRYOLOGICAL PROCESSES DURING the SEED FORMATION in TWO TRIPLOID SPECIES of Taraxacum
    ISSN 1644-0625 ISSN 2300-8504 (online) www.agricultura.acta.utp.edu.pl Acta Sci. Pol. Agricultura, 14(2) 2015, 29-36 EMBRYOLOGICAL PROCESSES DURING THE SEED FORMATION IN TWO TRIPLOID SPECIES OF Taraxacum Agnieszka Janas, Krystyna Musiał, Maria Kościńska-Pająk1 Jagiellonian University in Kraków Abstract. The present paper reports on our observations on embryological processes occurring in the ovules of triploids: Taraxacum belorussicum (sect. Palustria) and T. atricapillum (sect. Borea). The reproduction of these dandelions comprises meiotic diplospory, parthenogenesis and autonomous endosperm development. Mature seeds contain viable embryos that provide regular seedlings. At present the importance of cytological and embryological studies of apomicts is specially emphasized because Taraxacum is one of the model genus for investigations of apomixis. It forms a polyploid complex within which there is a close relationship between the mode of reproduction and the ploidy level: diploids reproduce sexually, whereas polyploids are apomicts. Apomixis is of a great interest in plant breeding because it allows clonal seed production but asexual seeds formation by apomixis is not found in any crop plants. Unfortunately, to date any attempts at introducing of apomixis into crop species have failed. It is worth mentioning that dandelions are valuable honey plants and numerous species of Taraxacum are also used in modern herbal medicine. Key words: agamic complex, apomixis, dandelion, diplospory, female gametophyte, Nomarski contrast INTRODUCTION The Taraxacum Wigg. genus belongs to the family Asteraceae, the subfamily Cichorioideae, the tribe Cichorieae and the subtribe Crepidinae [Anderberg et al. 2007]. This cosmopolitan genus forms a polyploid complex comprising amphimictic and apomictic taxa. Diploid dandelions reproduce sexually whereas seed formation in polyploid species is realized by gametophytic apomixis, parthenogenesis and autonomous endosperm development [Musiał et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix B Natural History and Control of Nonnative Invasive Species
    Appendix B: Natural History and Control of Nonnative Invasive Plants Found in Ten Northern Rocky Mountains National Parks Introduction The Invasive Plant Management Plan was written for the following ten parks (in this document, parks are referred to by the four letter acronyms in bold): the Bear Paw Battlefield-BEPA (MT, also known as Nez Perce National Historical Park); Big Hole National Battlefield-BIHO (MT); City of Rocks National Reserve-CIRO (ID); Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve-CRMO (ID); Fossil Butte National Monument-FOBU (WY); Golden Spike National Historic Site-GOSP (UT); Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site-GRKO (MT); Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument-HAFO (ID); Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument-LIBI (MT); and Minidoka National Historic Site-MIIN (ID). The following information is contained for each weed species covered in this document (1) Park presence: based on formal surveys or park representatives’ observations (2) Status: whether the plant is listed as noxious in ID, MT, UT, or WY (3) Identifying characteristics: key characteristics to aid identification, and where possible, unique features to help distinguish the weed from look-a-like species (4) Life cycle: annual, winter-annual, biennial, or perennial and season of flowering and fruit set (5) Spread: the most common method of spread and potential for long distance dispersal (6) Seeds per plant and seed longevity (when available) (7) Habitat (8) Control Options: recommendations on the effectiveness of a. Mechanical Control b. Cultural
    [Show full text]
  • DANDELION Taraxacum Officinale ERADICATE
    OAK OPENINGS REGION BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES DANDELION Taraxacum officinale ERADICATE This Best Management Practice (BMP) document provides guidance for managing Dandelion in the Oak Openings Region of Northwest Ohio and Southeast Michigan. This BMP was developed by the Green Ribbon Initiative and its partners and uses available research and local experience to recommend environmentally safe control practices. INTRODUCTION AND IMPACTS— Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) HABITAT—Dandelion prefers full sun and moist, loamy soil but can is native to Eurasia and was likely introduced to North America many grow anywhere with 3.5-110” inches of annual precipitation, an an- times. The earliest record of Dandelion in North America comes from nual mean temperature of 40-80°F, and light. It is tolerant of salt, 1672, but it may have arrived earlier. It has been used in medicine, pollutants, thin soils, and high elevations. In the OOR Dandelion has food and beverages, and stock feed. Dandelion is now widespread been found on sand dunes, in and at the top of floodplains, near across the planet, including OH and MI. vernal pools and ponds, and along roads, ditches, and streams. While the Midwest Invasive Species Information Net- IDENTIFICATION—Habit: Perennial herb. work (MISIN) has no specific reports of Dandelion in or within 5 miles of the Oak Openings Region (OOR, green line), the USDA Plants Database reports Dan- D A delion in all 7 counties of the OOR and most neighboring counties (black stripes). Dan- delion is ubiquitous in the OOR. It has demonstrated the ability to establish and MI spread in healthy and disturbed habitats of OH T © Lynn Sosnoskie © Steven Baskauf © Chris Evans the OOR and both the wet nutrient rich soils of wet prairies and floodplains as well Leaves: Highly variable in shape, color and hairiness in response to as sandy dunes and oak savannas.
    [Show full text]
  • Apomixis in Taraxacum an Embryological and Genetic Study Promotor: Professor Dr
    Apomixis in Taraxacum an embryological and genetic study promotor: Professor dr. R.F.Hoekstra , hoogleraar in de genetica, met bijzondere aandacht voor de populatie- en kwantitatieve genetica co-promotoren: Dr. P.J.va n Dijk, senior onderzoeker bijhe t Nederlands Instituut voor Oecologisch Onderzoek, Centrum voor Terrestrische Oecologie (NIOO- CTO) te Heteren, en Dr. J.H.d e Jong, universitair hoofddocent bijhe t Departement Plantenwetenschappen, Wageningen Universiteit promotiecommissie: Prof. Dr. S.C. de Vries Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr.J.L .va n Went Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr.J.M.M . van Damme NIOO-CTO Heteren Peter van Baarlen Apomixis in Taraxacum an embryological and genetic study Apomixie in Taraxacum een embryologische en genetische studie Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van de rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr. Ir. L. Speelman, in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 11 September 2001 des namiddags te vier uur in de Aula Baarlen, Peter van Apomixis in Taraxacum / Peter van Baarlen Thesis Wageningen University. - With references - With summary in Dutch Subject headings: apomixis/diplospory/embryology/polyploidy Typeset in ll-14pt Book Antiqua ISBN 98-5808-473-6. UNO' ^o\3c?2 STELLINGEN 1. - Het verstoren van de paring van homologe chromosomen tijdens de eerste meiotische profase, parthenogenetische eicel ontwikkeling en autonome endosperm ontwikkeling in apomictische paardebloemen is te verklaren door aan te nemen dat bepaalde chromosoom-specifieke eiwitten verschillen van hun "sexuele" analogen. dit proefschrift 2. - Het grote evolutionaire succes van paardebloemen kan verklaard worden door hun vermenging van de voordelen van sexuele en asexuele reproductie. dit proefschrift 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea
    VIVIANA CAUDURO MATESCO SISTEMÁTICA DE THYREOCORIDAE AMYOT & SERVILLE (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA: PENTATOMOIDEA): REVISÃO DE ALKINDUS DISTANT, MORFOLOGIA DO OVO DE DUAS ESPÉCIES DE GALGUPHA AMYOT & SERVILLE E ANÁLISE CLADÍSTICA DE CORIMELAENA WHITE, COM CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A FILOGENIA DE THYREOCORIDAE, E MORFOLOGIA DO OVO DE 16 ESPÉCIES DE PENTATOMIDAE COMO EXEMPLO DO USO DE CARACTERES DE IMATUROS EM FILOGENIAS Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, como requisito parcial à obtenção do Título de Doutor em Biologia Animal. Área de concentração: Biologia Comparada Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Jocelia Grazia Co-Orientador: Prof. Dr. Cristiano F. Schwertner UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL PORTO ALEGRE 2014 “Sistemática de Thyreocoridae Amyot & Serville (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea): revisão de Alkindus Distant, morfologia do ovo de duas espécies de Galgupha Amyot & Serville e análise cladística de Corimelaena White, com considerações sobre a filogenia de Thyreocoridae, e morfologia do ovo de 16 espécies de Pentatomidae como exemplo de uso de caracteres de imaturos em filogenias” VIVIANA CAUDURO MATESCO Tese apresentada como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de Doutor em Biologia Animal, área de concentração Biologia Comparada. ________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Augusto Ferrari (UFRGS) ________________________________________ Dra. Caroline Greve (CNPq ex-bolsista PDJ) ________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Cláudio José Barros de Carvalho (UFPR) ________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Jocelia Grazia (Orientadora) Porto Alegre, 05 de fevereiro de 2014. AGRADECIMENTOS À minha orientadora, Profa. Dra. Jocelia Grazia, pelos ensinamentos e por todas as oportunidades que me deu durante os treze anos em que estive no Laboratório de Entomologia Sistemática. Ao meu co-orientador, Prof.
    [Show full text]