Entre Dos Tierras: Between Two Lands: Stories of Latinx Immigrant Students in US Public High Schools
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2018 Entre Dos Tierras: Between Two Lands: Stories of Latinx Immigrant Students in US Public High Schools Yahaira Diaz Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Educational Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Diaz, Yahaira, "Entre Dos Tierras: Between Two Lands: Stories of Latinx Immigrant Students in US Public High Schools" (2018). Dissertations. 2953. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/2953 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 2017 Yahaira Diaz LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO ENTRE DOS TIERRAS: BETWEEN TWO LANDS: STORIES OF LATINX IMMIGRANT STUDENTS IN US PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY PROGRAM IN SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY BY YAHAIRA DIAZ CHICAGO, IL AUGUST 2018 Copyright by Yahaira Diaz, 2018 All rights reserved. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My parents were my first teachers. They instilled in me a sense of pride in who I am and where I come from. Their tremendous sacrifices have taught me to be brave, determined, and untiring. They are my first role models, and I am forever indebted to everything they have provided and allowed for me to accomplish. Thank you for your unconditional love and support. To my children, Camila, Franco and Gabriela, who suffered moments of my absence in order for me to reach my academic goals. Everything that I do was, is, and will always be for you. To my husband, Orlando, who always believes in me and pushes me to be better. Thank you for providing for our family while allowing me to achieve my goals. Your love and support is the reason I am near the end of this journey. To my siblings, Betty, Mayra, Fabi, and Esmy, thank you for being good friends and incredible aunts and uncles. You have stepped in when I have needed encouraging words and a loving adult around my children as I studied. To my mother in law, Socorro, and sister in law Maria, thank you for your support with my children and treating us as your blood. I am so grateful for your support and care. To my dissertation chair, Dr. Shriberg, thank you for your mentorship, support, and encouragement throughout this entire program. You are my role model and friend, and have helped change my life forever. To my committee members, Dr. Vera, Dr. Pesce, and Dr. Stovall, your leadership, commitment to social justice, and accomplishments in your respective fields have always been and continue to be an inspiration. Your work has inspired the way I perceive iii research, the world, and the importance of people of color in academia. I have had the honor of receiving feedback, guidance, and support from one of the most incredible people I know. To Kisha and Vicky, my dissertation sisters, you rock! And to all my fellow PhD school psychology peers, especially Jessie and Julia, you always have a funny comment and words of encouragement. Thank you for keeping me moving. To my amazing students I worked with who opened their hearts and shared their stories with me. I am in awe, and I have learned so much from each of you. This has been an incredible experience and you are the reason there is hope for change and a promise of a more positive portrayal of nuestra gente in our society. The Latinx population is beautiful, strong, and growing. Thank you Charo and Areli, for serving as a connection to your wonderful students. Thank you to my coders Melissa and Garrick. I look forward to doing great work with you in the future. And to my practicum supervisors, Dr. Barragan and Ms. Ramirez, thank you for all of your support as professionals and as friends. I am so thankful for all of your support, guidance, and inspiration. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................iii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. ix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 Diversity, Disparity and Immigration ....................................................................................... 1 Ethnicity and Race and Schools................................................................................................ 3 The Field of School Psychology ............................................................................................... 5 Defining Terminology .............................................................................................................. 6 Forced Versus Voluntary Migration ......................................................................................... 7 Researcher ............................................................................................................................... 8 Purpose of Study ...................................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ................................................................ 9 Critical Race Theory ................................................................................................................ 9 Latino Critical Theory ............................................................................................................ 15 Focus of the Literature Review ............................................................................................... 17 Criteria ................................................................................................................................ 17 Stigma and Discrimination in the US ..................................................................................... 18 Trends of Immigration among Latinxs Moving to the United States ....................................... 21 Immigrants in our Current Society....................................................................................... 21 The Undocumented Latinx Immigrant ................................................................................. 22 Gender ................................................................................................................................... 24 Mental Health Outcomes and Risk Factors Related to Migration ............................................ 25 Immigation and Cultural Identity for Latinos.......................................................................... 29 Discrepancies in Terminology ............................................................................................. 29 Study of Acculturation ........................................................................................................ 30 Acculturation and Latinxs ...................................................................................................... 34 Acculturation and Mental Health for Latinx Yough ............................................................. 38 The Role of Schools in Acculturation .................................................................................. 41 Protective Factors ................................................................................................................ 44 Recommendations for Working with Immigrant Latinx Youth ............................................... 46 Challenges in Providing Appropriate Mental Health Services ................................................. 47 American Psychological Association ................................................................................... 48 National Associaton of School Psychologists and Illinois School Psychologists Association ...................................................................................................................... 49 New Face of Immigration ....................................................................................................... 51 Summary and Gaps in the Literature ...................................................................................... 51 Development of Research Questions ...................................................................................... 53 Research Questions ................................................................................................................ 55 v CHAPTER THREE: METHODS .............................................................................................. 56 Research Questions ................................................................................................................ 56 Conceptual Framework .......................................................................................................... 56 Qualitative Research and Grounded Theory ........................................................................... 58 Aspects of Qualitative Research Aligned with the Latinx Culture ........................................... 59 Culturally Competent Research with Latinx Immigrants .......................................................