Columbia River Crossing I-5 Immersed Tunnel I-5 Immersed Tunnel Advantages Immersed Tunnel

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6 Sections 500 feet long x 170 feet wide 3,000 ft. Columbia River Crossing I-5 Immersed Tunnel I-5 Immersed Tunnel Advantages Immersed Tunnel Navigation clearances Aviation clearances No freeway noise on river front No mile-long elevated bridge ramps dividing Vancouver Aberdeen Casting Basin 165 x 910 feet Baltimore's Fort McHenry Tunnel Completed 1985 1.4 miles 8 lanes – 4 tubes 115,000 vehicles/day I-95 Immersed Tunnel saved Baltimore’s Inner Harbor 1985 1959 freeway plan Vancouver’s Massey Tunnel under Fraser River October 14, 2019 Vancouver’s Fraser River Bridge replaced by Tunnel 10 lanes April 1, 2020 Vancouver’s Columbia River Bridge replaced by Tunnel Øresund Bridge 20 sections x 577ft = 2.2miles & Tunnel 1999 138ft wide Øresund Tunnel Section 20 sections x 577ft =2.2miles 138ft wide Columbia River Tunnel Section 6 sections x 500ft = 0.6miles 170ft wide Immersed Tunnels About six 500 foot immersed tunnel sections could be a simple, elegant, and cost effective solution to the I-5 Columbia River Crossing. The Aberdeen Casting Basin used to build the SR 520 bridge pontoons would be well suited to casting tunnel sections. https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2014/11/12/SR520-Factsheet-Pontoons- February2017.pdf In 1985 Baltimore completed the Fort McHenry Immersed Tunnel and saved its famous Inner Harbor from encirclement by I-95 concrete bridge. https://www.baltimorebrew.com/2011/04/29/the-senator-and-the-highway/ Vancouver, Canada rejected a ten lane bridge over the Fraser in favor of an immersed tunnel. https://www.enr.com/blogs/15-evergreen/post/47724-vancouvers-george-massey- tunnel-replacement-may-now-be-a-tunnel-instead-of-a-bridge The 1999 Oresund Bridge & Immersed Tunnel connects Sweden to Denmark. https://www.peri.com/en/projects/civil-engineering/oeresund-link.html Immersed Tunnels *Columbia River Crossing 0.6 miles 8 lanes 2 transit I-95 Fort McHenry Tunnel-1985 1.4 miles 8 lanes *Vancouver’s Massey Tunnel 0.6 miles 6 lanes 2 transit Øresund Bridge & Tunnel-1999 2.2 miles 4 lanes 2 transit *proposed.

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