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Exploratory Study on the Coverage of Rural Development News on Ethiopian Radio

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Exploratory Study on the Coverage of Rural Development News on Ethiopian Radio Exploratory Study on the Coverage of Rural Development News on Ethiopian Radio: Case Study of 8 PM (Evening) News By Mulatu Alemayehu A Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of Journalism and Communication Addis Ababa University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Journalism Addis Ababa August 2007 Addis Ababa University Faculty of Journalism and Communication Exploratory study on the Coverage of Development News in Ethiopian Radio: The Case of Evening (8:00 Pm) news By Mulatu Alemayehu Approved by the Board of Examiners ___________________ ________________________ Adviser __________________ ______________________ Adviser __________________ ______________________ Examiner __________________ ______________________ Examiner Acknowledgements My major thanks go to my advisors. It is my pleasure to express my heartfelt thanks and appreciation to my external advisor, Dr Kristin Skare Orgeret for her frequent and regular contact to make my work better. With out her constructive and valuable support, this paper would not have been finished. I also thank the internal advisor, Dr Vaidyanathan Natarajan. I sincerely thank to all my friends and families who support me morally and financially either directly or indirectly, from a piece of paper to a lab top and encouraging me all time. Particularly, I want to say thank you to Abay, Abel, Antony, Azeb, Aski, Ashu, Dave, Denni, Ephi, Zewge, Gojj, Hiwi, Prof, Tsega, Teddy, and others. I am also grateful to thank Ato Demake Deboch who helps me to analyze the data by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and others support. I Table of Contents Contents pages ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..........................................................................................................................I TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................ II ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................................................. IV ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................................V CHAPTER ONE........................................................................................................................................... 1 I. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH........................................................................................................ 1 1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ............................................................................................................. 3 1.3. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH ........................................................................................................... 4 1.3.1. General Objectives...................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2. Specific Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 4 1.4. SCOPE OF THE STUDY........................................................................................................................... 4 1.5. RESEARCH QUESTIONS ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY .............................................................................................................. 5 1.7. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY................................................................................................................ 6 1.8. ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................................ 6 1.9. BACKGROUND OF ETHIOPIAN RADIO ................................................................................................... 6 1.9.1. Between 1930 and 1935 .............................................................................................................. 7 1.9.2. The period from 1935-1940 ........................................................................................................ 7 1.9.3. From 1940 to 1974...................................................................................................................... 8 1.9.4. The period from 1974 to 1991..................................................................................................... 8 1.9.5. Since 1991................................................................................................................................... 9 1.10. EVENING NEWS (ZENA FILE AND NEWS MAGAZINE)........................................................................10 CHAPTER TWO.........................................................................................................................................12 II. LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ...................................................12 2. MEDIA AND DEVELOPMENT ...........................................................................................................12 2.1. WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT? ...................................................................................................................12 2.2. MODERNIZATION THEORY..................................................................................................................14 2.3. DEPENDENCY THEORY........................................................................................................................15 2.4. ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT (MULTIPLICITY) PARADIGM ...............................................................16 2.5. THE CURRENT ETHIOPIAN GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT POLICY .....................................................17 2.6. ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN DEVELOPMENT...........................................................................................18 2.7. AGENDA SETTING THEORY.................................................................................................................19 2.8. NEWS..................................................................................................................................................21 2.9. RADIO.................................................................................................................................................23 III. CHAPTER THREE..............................................................................................................................24 3. STUDY DESIGN .....................................................................................................................................24 3.1. METHOD OF THE STUDY .....................................................................................................................24 3.2. SUBJECT OF THE STUDY......................................................................................................................25 3.3. SAMPLING METHODS AND SAMPLING SIZE.........................................................................................26 3.4. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION.........................................................................................................26 3.5. DEFINING CATEGORIES.......................................................................................................................27 3.6. DATA PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION.............................................................................................31 3.7. UNIT OF ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................................32 3.8. INTER-CODER RELIABILITY.................................................................................................................32 II IV. CHAPTER FOUR.................................................................................................................................33 4. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................33 4.1. PRESENTING, DISCUSSING AND ANALYZING FINDINGS.......................................................................33 4.1.1. Frequency of the News Type and Their Percentage...................................................................33 4.2.2. Duration of the News Type, Maximum, Minimum and Their Percentage..................................38 4.2.3. Placement of the news................................................................................................................42 4.2.4. Discussion of Data Concerning on Rural Development ............................................................45 4.2.5. Challenges of Covering Development Issues .............................................................................62 V. CHAPTER FIVE ....................................................................................................................................64 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................64 5.1. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS...............................................................................................................64 5.2. CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................67
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