Individual Games and Sports II 5

Track and field events, as one of the major individual sports, have already been studied in the previous chapter. However there are other individual sports like Badminton, , Table Tennis, Tennis, Swimming and Combative Sports such as Judo and . We shall discuss these games in this chapter.

Badminton Badminton is a racket sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles). The players take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that is divided by a net. It is one of the few sports where men and women can play together. It is a game for all ages and abilities. Although fitness is a key aspect for professional players, it is also played as a recreation game across the world.

History The origin of the badminton dates back to second century BC. Although it appears that this sport was named after Badminton House, Gloucestershire, owned by the Duke of Beaufort. In 1873, some British army officers in India initially played the game at ‘Poonah’ (now known as Pune) thus derived its name. In 1877 first set of rules were derived. These laws were gradually adopted by other nations. However, the game evolved as an international sport only after the first All England Championship. In 1934, the International Badminton Federation (now known as Badminton World Federation) was formed and the rules of the game were standardized. Badminton Association of India came into existence in the year 1934. Various state level associations are affiliated to it.

2020-21

Chap-5.indd 52 8/24/2020 11:38:26 AM Individual Games and Sports II 53 8/24/2020 11:38:26 AM 40 mm 40 mm 40 mm 40 mm 40 mm 40 mm

420 mm 2.530 m 2.530 m 420 mm

720 mm 720 Left Service Court For Singles

Left Service Court For Doubles

40 mm 40 40 mm 40 3.80 m

Right Service Court Centre Line

Left Service Court

Short Service Line Service Short 40 mm 40

1.90 m 2020-21 Post Net Post 13.400 m

Fig. 5.1: Badminton court Short Service Line Service Short

1.90 m Side Line For Single Side Line For Single

Side Line For Doubles Side Line For Doubles 40 mm 40 Centre Line Centre Line 3.80 m Right Service Court

Left Service Court For Doubles 40 mm 40

720 mm 720 Left Service Court For Singles 40 mm 40

Back Boundary Line 6.100 m 6.100 The full width of the court is 6.1 metres, and in singles’ metres 1.524 and edges the at high metres 1.55 is net The Rules Starting the game A coin is tossed to start the game. The player winning toss has the the choice to serve first, or to choose which side of the court would they prefer. The player losing the toss gets the left over option. this width is reduced to 5.18 metres. The full length of the court is 13.4 metres. The service courts service short a by court, the of width the dividing line centre are marked by a line at a distance of 1.98 metres from the net, outer and by side the and back boundaries. court In is also doubles’, marked the by a service long service metres from the back boundary. line, which is 0.76 doubles the over placed are posts net The centre. the in high played. sidelines, even when singles is Court The court is rectangular, and is divided into 2 halves by net. a Court is usually marked for both singles’ and doubles’ court. court is wider than the ‘singles’ play. The doubles’ Events The events played in Women), badminton (b) Doubles’ are: (Men, (a) (Combination Women), of one Singles’ Man (c) and one (Men, Woman) Mixed and (d) Doubles’ Teams’ Mixed) Event (Men, Women, Chap-5.indd 53 Chap-5.indd 54 54 Health and Physical Education - Class X Service or accidentaloccurrence.Itshallbea‘let’,if— no is there unforeseen any for given be may ‘let’ A play. halt to umpire), (if player a by or umpire, the by called is ‘Let’ Let A player or player’s side loses the rally, if the service or shuttle — Faults • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • h mvmn o te evrs akt ut continue must forward racket after server’s the start the of of service until movement service is The delivered. until service isdelivered. court the of surface the with contact in remain Some parts of both feet of the server and receiver must impact oftheracketwithshuttle. of instant the at court the of surface the from 1.15m below be shall shuttle the of whole the serving While the of base shuttle. the hit initially shall racket server’s The service courts. right Server and receiver always stand diagonally the in opposite from serves server service court. the even, is score the when and badminton of game the of beginning the At is hittwice. being before ground or retrieved. ceiling or walls the touches fails tocrossoverthenet. passes throughthenet. lands outsidethecourt. misses theshuttleduringservice. is notcorrect. a playeroftheopposingsideisdistractedby acoach. or disrupted is play the umpire, the of opinion the in make adecision. the line judge is unsighted and the umpire is unable to the serverservesbeforereceiverisready. same the time. at faulted both are receiver and server the the restofshuttle. from separates base the and disintegrates shuttle the after top its on passing overthenet. suspended remains and net the on caught or net the in caught is shuttle the play, during there isanunforeseenoraccidentalsituationoccurs. 2020-21 8/24/2020 11:38:26 AM

Individual Games and Sports II 55 8/24/2020 11:38:29 AM Angle 3 2020-21 Angle 1 Fig. 5.2: Forehand grip Holding grip of a badminton racket is the

Angle 2 foundation of playing this game. Holding the racket wrongly will reduce the power and accuracy of stroke. the The shots will be Below limited. games. during A quickly grip player change to needs how learn to types of badminton grips. are the two basic Grip:

For flexibility, the racket handle rest loosely in the fingers. the in loosely rest handle racket the flexibility, For serving while accuracy and control increase to order In and hitting from the forecourt and mid court, the grip to the shaft. is shortened and placed nearer In this a player holds the racket head in the non-playing the in head racket the holds player a this In The body. the towards points handle the keeping hand, to the . face of the racket perpendicular The player places the just playing like shaking hands with it, hand it is like a on V shape in the between thumb and index finger. handle This grip is used to hit shots on the forehand side of the of side forehand the on shots hit to used is grip This body and around the head shots. hits a player, attire, equipment or any person or object or person any or equipment attire, player, a hits the court. outside succession. partners in both the doubles is hit by is in play, the player’s racket, parts of his body or his net or its support. clothes touch the 1. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Forehand grip Fundamental techniques Fundamental Chap-5.indd 55 Chap-5.indd 56 56 Health and Physical Education - Class X Backhand grip

• • • • •

• • • • • 2. The other techniques are the same as in forehand grip. the handle forgreaterleverageandpower. of back the against thumb the places player The V shapemovesleftwards. the that so anti-clockwise racket the turns player The from held inforehandgrip. hit was it as way is same the in racket the holds player The shots grip, backhand (left)sideofplayer’sbody. backhand playing While

evc: hr ae aial three basically are There Service: high service. the delivering while points broad three following the on concentrate one to need You when game. the playing first starts this learn to needs One strokes. all of basic most the is service High flat. and low high, • • Angle 1 • • h pae hs o make to has player The player then drops the shuttle and hit it high and high it hit and shuttle the The drops then player foot. front forward the to foot the back the from weight starts one the shifting start slowly racket, As the of movement Contact: of Point weight ofthebodyisonbackfoot. full the stage, this At position. serving initial the take feet and other each to both parallel and apart spread with comfortably stand to has player The fault. touch a called be will it as line centre line. centre the from inches six about and line service short the from feet two about position a take to Stance: To deliver the high service, the player has 2020-21 Fig. 5.3:Backhandgrip ue o t tuh the touch to not sure ye o sre — serves of types Angle 2 Angle 3 8/24/2020 11:38:34 AM

Individual Games and Sports II 57 8/24/2020 11:38:34 AM

2020-21 plays a crucial part in back to the baseline. The player must make sure waist. the below always is contact of point the that Follow-through: Once the service is delivered, the player continues to swing the racket right across (or right shoulder the left shoulder is if the player is called the follow through. left-handed). This • • a rally because good return of serve allows a player to player a allows serve of return good because rally a dictate terms and control a rally till the point is won. opponent the allow will serve of return weak However hit to serve the receiving While offensive. the on go to the of centre the in stand players normally shuttle, the court with the left foot forward and place the weight of the body more on the front foot. player to receive It all types of serves i.e. high, will low and help the flick. In fact, players are advised to take the stance closer to the short service because in high serve the shuttle remains in the air for a longer duration. On a high serve, a player has the choice of attacking playing clear, an drop shot, smash or a half Similarly, smash. on a low serve, a player can flick, push or lift the shuttle to the baseline. It is important to try to meet the shuttle as close to the net as possible so choose to available options more has receiver the that the shots. Return of Service: This stroke

3. ymnastics History practices beauty and fitness for developed was Gymnastics by the ancient Greeks. It and included dismounting a horse, skills and circus performance for skills. mounting Gymnastics is a sport that in involves a physical movements sequence. coordination, It endurance, requires flexibilityoften and physical involves dance body moves, strength, flips,and twists,coordination control. physical jumpsdevelop to children helps balance, It and other moves. It motor skills, proper use of balance develop a good sense of fit stay to way a as performed be can It timing. and precision well as nationally locally, events in compete to specifically or as internationally. However, training. military as gymnastics used Greeks The in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the German physical educators created and young exercises men on apparatus. Their design is for considered boys as modern gymnastics. The Federation of Gymnastics International was founded in 1881. By the end of the G

Chap-5.indd 57 Chap-5.indd 58 58 Health and Physical Education - Class X Fig. 5.4:Pommelhorse was organisedin1975. in included in were 1986. The first world gymnasts cup in gymnastics women and 1896 in Games was popular competition enough to gymnastics be included men’s in the century, first “Modern”nineteenth Olympic bars, andbalancingbeam. uneven table, vaulting exercise, floor are These events. four vaulting on compete Women bar. horizontal rings, and bars, parallel table, floor rings/roman are still horse, These pommel events. exercise, six in compete Men Gymnastics. is usually divided into Men’s and Women’s Artistic gymnastics Gymnastics. gymnastics, Artistic are: gymnastics , of , and forms Acrobatic major The Forms ofgymnastics

1.

(iii) (ii) Events formen (i)

Still Rings: The rings are rings The Rings: Still oml os: tpcl pommel typical A Horse: Pommel lo Eecs: o ti event this For Exercise: Floor to hang freely and swing. The gymnast performs a and adjusted inheightso, thatthegymnasthasroom floor, the from meters 5.75 to point a from horse orlandingafterahandstand. the over body his swinging by either dismount, a of gymnast more challenging. A gymnast performs by straddling their legs. This makes the exercises include often or turning by skill circling typical a on will variations Gymnasts apparatus. the of on depending parts all on skills such performs and preference) counterclockwise or (clockwise event. this The gymnast of swings both legs staple in a circular main motion the is however, skill, leg Double pommels. the on done often scissors, skills. leg double and Single leg skills are generally found in the form of leg single both involves the of floor atleastonceduringtheirroutine. corner each touch gymnasts male rules, 50–70 between seconds and are performed without total music. As per will that passes four have usually routines floor Men’s handstands. press also show must strength skills, including gymnast circles, scales, and The balance. and oftumbling strength, flexibility, demonstrate Aseries to performed are passes required. is floor spring 2020-21 attached to a wire cable wire a to attached 1×2 square 12×12 a os exercise horse 8/24/2020 11:38:35 AM Fig. 5.5:Vault Individual Games and Sports II 59 8/24/2020 11:38:36 AM Fig. 5.5: Vault Fig. 5.6: Parallel bars 2020-21 thick steel or fiberglass which is a maximum of 25 meters in length, before hurdling onto a spring board. The body position is a only using (blocking “punching” while maintained shoulder Multiple position. standing a movement) to rotates then gymnast the vaulting twists and somersaults are added before landing in board. case The of advance gymnastics. Vaults depend on the power the hurdle, the of length the run, the of speed the gymnast generated from the legs and shoulder girdle and the kinesthetic awareness in the air. In case of more difficult and complex vaults the speed of rotation is more important. 12m × 12m square, usually consisting of hard foam hard of consisting usually square, 12m × 12m over a layer of plywood, springs or which foam blocks generally is called a “spring” supported by floor. Female gymnasts perform a choreographed routine of 50 to 70 routine should consist of seconds tumbling lines, series of in turns. this and skills, acrobatic elements, event. dance jumps, The bar raised 2.5m above the landing area is all the giants perform they as onto hold to have gymnasts twists, skills, release bar), the around (revolutions and changes of direction. momentum from giants and then releasing at the By using all of proper point, enough the height can be achieved for spectacular dismounts. Leather grips are usually used to help maintain a grip on the bar. on two bars. kept These slightly further than are a shoulder’s width apart and usually 1.75 m high. For executing of a series and swings, great releases strength balances, ordination. and require co- routine routine demonstrating balance, strength, power, and dynamic motion while preventing the rings themselves from swinging. At strength least move one is required, static includes two or three strenghts. A routine should but some gymnast at the end of routine. have a dismount Horizontal Bar: A 2.8 cm Floor Exercise: The floor event occurs on a carpeted a on occurs event floor The Exercise: Floor Vault: In this, the gymnasts sprint down a runway, Parallel Bars: Men perform Men Bars: Parallel

(i) (v) Events for women (vi) (iv)

2.

Chap-5.indd 59 from a point to 5.75 meters from the floor,adjusted in height so, that the gymnast has room and a performs gymnast The swing. and freely hang to spring floor is required.passes are performed to A series demonstrate flexibility, strength, of tumbling and balance. The and scales, circles, gymnast including skills, strength must show also press handstands. Men’s floor routines usually have four passes that will per As music. total without performed are and seconds between 50–70 rules, male gymnasts touch each corner routine. floor at least once during their of the involves both single leg of form the in found generally are skills leg Single and double leg skills. scissors, often done on the pommels. Double leg skill, however, is the motion main circular a in staple legs both swings of gymnast The this event. (clockwise or counterclockwise preference) and performs such skills on all parts depending on of the apparatus. Gymnasts variations will on a typical circling skill by turning or often include exercises the makes This legs. their straddling by performs gymnast A challenging. more gymnast of a dismount, either by swinging his body over the horse or landing after a handstand. Floor Exercise: For this event a 12×12 square Pommel Horse: A typical pommel horse exercise Still Rings: The rings are attached to a wire cable (i) Events for men (ii) (iii) 1.

popular enough to be included in the first “Modern” Olympic nineteenth “Modern” first century, the in men’s included be gymnastics to enough competition popular was Games in 1896 and women gymnastics in cup gymnasts world first The 1986. were in Games Olympic included in in 1975. was organised Forms of gymnastics The major Acrobatic forms and Tumbling Trampolining, of gymnastics, Rhythmic gymnastics are: Artistic gymnastics, Gymnastics. Artistic gymnastics Women’s and Men’s into divided usually is gymnastics Artistic Gymnastics. Men compete in six exercise, events. pommel These horse, still are rings/roman floor table, parallel bars, and rings, horizontal bar. Women compete on vaulting four events. These are floor exercise, vaultingtable, uneven bars, and balancing beam. Fig. 5.4: Pommel horse Chap-5.indd 60 60 Health and Physical Education - Class X Fig. 5.8:Balancebeam Fig. 5.7:Unevenbars

3.

(iii) (iv) (ii) ny oe cmee n htmc gymnastics, rhythmic in compete women Only Rhythmic gymnastics than theacrobatic. area, floor a with a much on greater emphasis on Rope the aesthetic rather Clubs, Hoop, Ribbon, Ball, – apparatus five of use the with routines separate five of performance the involves sport The manipulation. combines This apparatus and dance gymnastics, Japan. ballet, of elements in discipline pioneered this being of men version for new a is there although

nvn as O te nvn as as kon as known (also bars uneven the On Bars: Uneven al: n h vutn ev vaulting the In Vault: aac Ba: h gmat performs gymnast The Beam: Balance balance, flexibilityandstrength. 10 cm (4.5”) wide. The event beam requires in particular, and long, (16’) the cm 500 high, (4’) cm 125 be must that specify Federation Gymnastics International the spring by set padded norms Apparatus beam. a on skills, elements acrobatic dance and leaps, turns of consisting seconds length 90 to in 70 from routine choreographed h te bok of h vutn pafr into platform vaulting (horse). various twisting the and somersaulting combinations. platform off blocks vaulting then the She on land hands the that so handspring back a in as backwards travels gymnast the position round-off the springboard. From the on land feet the the while on runway entries, are hands round-off that so “round-off” with gymnasts vaults In twisting movements. and/or somersaults, multiple more or strength. The post flight segment may include one on the vault runway depending on her height and point different a at starts gymnast Every landing. table. vaulting footed two a to platform this off spring or they Then horse vaulting the on hands the on inverted momentarily, or land board board, spring beat a onto entry off round a or perform onto jump runway, ft) (82 meters 25 a down to protectthehandsfromblistersandtears. and bar, the on grip a maintains gymnast the that levels of gymnastics, leather grips are worn to ensure that moves pass through the handstand. Usually in higher as circling, well as moves, swinging, release and maybe transitional, perform width Gymnasts the but adjusted. fixed, generally is height The heights. different at set bars horizontal two on routine a performs gymnast the bars), asymmetric 2020-21 ns ynss sprint gymnasts ents 8/24/2020 11:38:37 AM a

Individual Games and Sports II 61 8/24/2020 11:38:37 AM

2020-21 gymnastic discipline ennis T

gymnastics sporting discipline which combines skills of artistic gymnastics with those of trampolining. It is sometimes practiced two on perform female, and male both a competitors track, 25-meter-long spring skills, along the track. passes, each containing eight forms of organised physical activities, and today it is changes being and reorganised, renewed revitalised Federation interest. of Sports by The (IFSA) was founded International in Moscow in 1973. United States Sports Acrobatics (USSA) was founded in 1975. It International was Gymnastics merged federation with (FIG) in 1999. Sports Acrobatics was demonstration sports at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney. Now, competitive it is sport. an accepted posture. graceful It and fitness physical of development is very effective for the for both men and women. Acrobats in groups of two, three and four to subject may, They partners. their perform of feet and hands routines with the music. own their pick instrumental), (e.g. regulations heads, Tumbling and trampolining Acrobatic gymnastics is a group Acrobatic gymnastics Acrobatic Tumbling, also known as power tumbling, is a Acrobatic Acrobatic gymnastics is one of the oldest

le 5. 4. b a four players participate using table-tennis rackets on a plain a on rackets table-tennis using participate players four is divided by a net. hard surface called Table, which History The game of Table game Tennis of probably ‘Royal Tennis’, descended which was from played in era the the (12th century medieval A.D.) Table Tennis was probably with played improvised equipment quarter in of 19th England century. Evidence show during that David in Foster the England patented an action last game of Tennis on Table in 1890. One year later John Jaques came out called Gossima. In with 1900, a celluloid a ball was introduced game by Tennis Table ‘Ping-Pong’. as given was name the and Jaques is controlled by ITTF (International Table Tennis Federation) which was founded in 1926 with headquarters in Berlin. It was introduced in Olympics in 1988 in Seoul, South Korea. First World Championship was India) of Federation (Table-Tennis TTFI of 1926. in London Table-Tennis was held formed in 1926 in Calcutta, now known as Kolkata. in T Table Tennis is also known as Ping-Pong, in which two or

Chap-5.indd 61 Chap-5.indd 62 62 Health and Physical Education - Class X Fundamental techniques Rules • • • • • • • • • • • • 1. touches theplayingsurfaceornetassembly. hand free opponent’s if the point a player shall score A play, playerlosesapoint. in is ball the while move to table the causes player a If lead. point 2 gains who pairs or player the by won is game the then points 10 wins score pairs 11 points or players both unless scores first who pair the or player A A gameofTableTennisisplayedupto11points. ft. 5 Net is6inches(15centimeter)highfromthetable. long, meter) (2.74 ft. (1.525 meter)wideand2.5ft.(76centimeter)high. 9 is table Tennis Table

Grip: Players grip their rackets in a variety of ways. of variety a in rackets their grip Players Grip: hand orOrthodoxgrip(commonlyused). shake and Korean) and Chinese by used (mainly grip hold Pen i.e. categories major two into classified be can rackets their grip players which in manner The • • will alwaysremaintouching oneanother. however, fingers three The blade. the of back the on finger fourth and ring middle, the curling and handle the across other each joining think and finger index involves It pen. a holds one as way a Pen holdgrip: 2020-21 Fig. 5.9:Tabletennis

In this, one grips the racket in such 2.5 ft

6 InchNetHeight ft 9

5 ft 8/24/2020 11:38:37 AM Individual Games and Sports II 63 8/24/2020 11:38:38 AM perpendicular loop, loop kill, loop loop, more pronounced 2020-21 much more parallel produces a flatter arc, counter attack against to a regular Loop, but carries but Loop, regular a to Fig. 5.10: Pen hold grip Fig. 5.10: Pen hold There are different kind, of services, such as, such services, of kind, different are There

with higher speed that drive but with stronger topspin. resembles a speed “top-side” the as referred is (or topspin tilted a spin), it bounces sideways upon hitting the table. and downward drives (normally high loop drives). One has to the direction of the stroke, and most of the energy applied to the ball rather results than in spin, speed creating a shot it make to enough fast is it but much, arc not that does difficult to return. to the direction of the stroke (closed) and the large a in resulting ball, the grazes thus racket amount of topspin. Variations in speed add to the effectiveness of this shot. spin and extreme and trajectory higher a with arc, loopy topspin, but is typically slower. Loop kill: The loop kill similar is It Hook: Counter drive: It is a Loop drive: The racket is Loop: The loop produces a Drive: The racket is primarily

f) e) c) a) d) b) hook, counter drive, flip and smash) hook, counter drive, flip and Shake hand grip: In this grip, the racket is held someone. with hand shakes one as way a such in The shake hand grip is used due to increasingly fast nature of the game, making stroke more effective. the backhand Offensive strokes (drive, loop drive, loop (drive, strokes Offensive •

• (i)

and defensive including backhand and forehand. long service, short service, spin service, flat service, high toss service and back-hand or forehand service. Types of strokes: The two types of strokes are offensive Services:

2. 3.

Chap-5.indd 63 Chap-5.indd 64 64 Health and Physical Education - Class X

(ii)

Defensive strokes h) d) b) a) g) c)

2020-21 uh r lc: h push The Slice: or Push S executed is block A Block: Chop: A chop or cut ms: ms i eeue we hs r her or his when executed is Smash Smash: that ball a attack to tries player a When Flip: direction whentheopponent returnsit. left, curving to the side or but bouncing in the opposite right the to but instead of down. This spin will result in the ball slice, a to move similar this is of execution The racket. the of left the or right the to either ball the on spin a put hud ny uh o vrain n nt for not and general rallies. variation for push only should to the other side of the table. Offensive players slowly float to ball the causing and backspin the racket cuts underneath the ball, imparting opportunities. A push resembles a tennis slice, offensive creating and alive point the keeping ball travels fastertotheotherside. the that so point) highest the reaching (before bounce the off movement short a with hit is which ball, the to near and closed held is racket The path). its predict to (try ball the to close stay and racket the to close bring to angle ofablock. correct the influence all location, and speed, spin, ball’s the because sounds, it as easy as not as is This with. nearly in came it with as energy much opponent the toward back the racket in front of the ball, the ball rebounds her opponent. spin to the ball. This may further left-hand confuse his/ or right- add frequently or chop, a during ball the on spin no impart can player defensive a Sometimes table. the from back is essentially a bigger, heavier slice, taken well counterpart to the offensive loop drive. A chop swing is compressed into a quick wrist action. back the because flip called is shot resulting however the ball may still be attacked, and the has not bounced beyond the edge of the table, s lre ak wn ad ai acceleration rapid imparting and as much swing speed on back the Smashing large ball as net. a possible. the is to close too or and/ high too bounces that ball a returned has opponent ide spin drive: The premise of this move is to is move this of premise The drive: spin ide is the defensive, backspin s sal ue for used usually is by simply putting simply by 8/24/2020 11:38:38 AM Individual Games and Sports II 65 8/24/2020 11:38:42 AM oesn’t reach it. 2020-21 Fig. 5.11: Forehand drive The defensive High Ball or Lob is used as close racket the another position has player The strokes. variation for (without close-to-table it touch ball the let just and ball the to stays ball the that way a in movement) hand any close to the net with almost no speed and spin, and touches the other side of than twice if the opponent d the table more deceptive deceptive in its simplicity. To execute a High table the off backs first player defensive a Ball, of consists itself stroke the then, meters; 8-10 simply lifting the ball to an enormous height before it falls back to the opponent’s side of the table. A High Ball is inherently a creative nearly any kind of spin. shot, and can have Drop shot: The drop shot is a high level stroke, Lob:

f) e)

Contact with the ball is slightly after the top of the bounce. made in front of the body Form ready position. Turn waist towards left with Racket towards 9 O’clock position. Let the waist turn naturally along with the right foot. shift your weight towards the arm and Swing forward with a foot. shifting your weight back to left slight upward motion only should and point pivot a as used be should Elbow while through. move a little forward in the follow Keep arm close to the torso. upper arm. Forearm makes 90° with the 45°. Draw the forearm back to another • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Backhand drive Forehand drive Skills Chap-5.indd 65 Chap-5.indd 66 66 Health and Physical Education - Class X and can only bounce one time on the court surface and the and surface court the on time one bounce only can and play in kept be must ball The court. opponent’s the into net the world. in In tennis, the player sports uses a racquet to individual hit a ball over popular a most the of one is Tennis T force againstthem. drive or loop. This stroke allows the players to use opponent full a for time enough isn’t there when shot, backup a is It Blocking ennis • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Follow throughuntiltheracketpointsafterball. Power comeswiththeflickofwrist. Snap theforearmforwardinslightlyupwarddirection. Elbow actsaspivotpoint. hitting theballand50percent before action stroke the of cent per 50 using side your Hit the ball as it is rising off the surface of the table on and speed. control keep to bounce the after immediately Execute Involve alittlebackspinandfollowthrough. spin. Morethespin,moreoneshouldcloseracket. top of severity the to according angle racket the Adjust Fig. 5.12:Backhanddrive 2020-21 Fig. 5.13:Blocking after hittingtheball. 8/24/2020 11:38:49 AM Individual Games and Sports II 67 8/24/2020 11:38:49 AM

Minimum Ceiling Height 7m

80cm Antenna 18m 2020-21 9m 9m End Line 5cm Center Line Center Attack Line Serving Area 3m Fig. 5.14: Tennis court

3m

2.24m Women 2.24m 2.43m Men 2.43m History An early version of Tennis started in the France 16th where century players in would yell was game the Later Tennis. name, the “tenez” game the giving game when starting a which tennis lawn as century 19th the in England in refined resembled the sport played today. The world’s oldest tennis played first were Championships Wimbledon the tournament, in London in 1877. The comprehensive rules promulgated in 1924 by the International Lawn remained have Tennis Federation, Federation, Tennis now International the as known of addition the being changes major the of one stable, largely the tie-back system. The Davis Cup, an annual competition analogous The 1900. to dates teams, national men’s between competition for women’s national teams, the Fed Cup, was founded as the Federation Cup in 1963. There are four top tournaments called the Grand Slam are Wimbledon, the US Tournaments, Open, the Australian Open, and the these French Open. opponent must strike the ball back over the net. It is a sport sport a is It net. the over back ball the strike must opponent usually played between two players (singles) or between two (doubles). two players each teams of Chap-5.indd 67 Chap-5.indd 68 68 Health and Physical Education - Class X lines andscoring: The following are the rules regarding equipment, balls, court, Rules

1.

(iii) (iv) (ii) Equipment (i)

Court Racquets: Lines Balls: visibility. the latter part of in the 20th century yellow to ensure better optic to changed gradually was colour predominant the white, Traditionally coating. felt following guidelines— • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2020-21 player duringthematch. the of to advice kind or any instruction communication, provide not must racquet The racquet. the into built source energy any be not may There distribution. weight and weight, size, shape, fixed a of be must racquet entire The width. in inches 12.5 and length in inches 29 than The frame of the hitting area may not be more strings, the of must beflatandgenerallyuniform. composed area, hitting The center mark. the or mark hash the either as to referred is baseline each of center the in mark short The service line(middleofthecourt). are called the baseline (farthest back) and the The lines that delineate the width of the court high inthecenter. (1.07 m) high at the posts and 3 feet (91.4 cm) into two equal ends. The net is 3 feet 6 inches it dividing baselines, the with parallel court, the of width full the across stretched is net A balls. run over reach to as is so players court for required the around space clear Additional and 36ft(10.97m)fordoubles’matches. carpet matches singles for wide m) (8.23 feet 27 and occasionally long, m) (23.77 feet 78 and is court The (indoor). asphalt and/or usually grass or clay, a hard court of concrete Tennis is played on a rectangular, flat surface, ens al ae f olw ubr ih a with rubber hollow of are balls Tennis ens aqe ms ahr t the to adhere must racquet Tennis 8/24/2020 11:38:49 AM Individual Games and Sports II 69 8/24/2020 11:38:49 AM

2020-21 If at least three points have been scored each by player, making the player’s score equal at 40 a piece, the score is not called “40-40”, but rather as “deuce”. out as If at least three points have been scored each by side and a player has one than the more opponent, point the score of the game is “advantage” for the player in the lead. (51 mm) in width. The baseline can be up to 4 to up be can baseline The width. in mm) (51 inches (100 mm) wide if so desired. A set consists of games, and a game, in turn, consists of a sequence of points played with the same player serving. A game is won by the first player to have won at least four points in total and at least two points more than the opponent. The running score of each game is described in a manner peculiar to tennis: scores from zero to three points are described as “love”, “15”, “30”, and “40” respectively All the lines are required to be 2 inches The players (or teams) start on opposite sides of the net. One receiver. the player is player opposing is the and server, designated as the A tennis match matches, set 3 is play Women sets. 5 or 3 determined of best through the while men play 5 set matches. For men, the first player to win three sets wins the match, sets two win to player first the women, for and wins the match. The lines as used and sidelines singles’ the to are sidelines the inside boundaries in singles’ play. The area between of the a doubles’ doubles’ sideline and the nearest sideline is singles’ called the doubles’ alley, which is in doubles’ play. considered playable The line that runs player’s side across of the court is called the the service center of line because the serve must a be delivered into the area between the service line and the net on the receiving side. The outermost lines that make up the length are called the doubles’ sidelines. These the boundaries are used when doubles is being played. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Scoring

(v)

Chap-5.indd 69 Chap-5.indd 70 70 Health and Physical Education - Class X

2.

iii. Grip A grip is a way of holding the racquet in order to hit to order in racquet the holding of way a is grip A

shots during a match. There are three types of grip. of types three are There match. a during shots ii. i.

akad Te akad s a is backhand The Backhand: The Serve (Service): A serve A (Service): Serve The oead te ens oead is forehand tennis the Forehand: three typesofserve— are There net. the by stopped being without box service opposite diagonally the into fall will it so start a pint. A player will hit the ball with racquet with thebackofhandprecedingpalm. body one’s around racquet the swings one which one wants tolandtheball. where of direction the in body one’s across racket the swinging by made is stroke forehand hand that is holding the racket faces forward. The dominant the of palm the of side inner the which b) a) c) • • • • • • • • • •

2020-21 Kick Serve Slice Serve Flat Serve set, togiveafinalsetscoreof7–6. one player to allows win one more rules, game and thus of the set separate a under played tie-break, A played. is tie-break a wins game, player the trailing the If 7–5. set the wins If the leading player wins that game, the player point, respectively. has game the break point, double win break point or triple to break love-40) of chances (score consecutive three or 15–40) of (score two 30–40), of (score one has who receiver A generally expected to win games is in which they are serving. serving considered advantageous, with the server being because importance with game the particular of are points Break win point. next the to chance a has sever, the not receiver, the if occurs point break even A and (set point), sets championships (championshippoint). (match to matches extended point), is terminology The game game. the the win in to point lead more whenever one only the needs in tennis is in who player occurs the point game A n oraet ly te hi umpire the and chair set the overall score. the of winner play, the announces tournament In in tennis is a shot to shot a is tennis in ens toe in stroke tennis srk in stroke a 8/24/2020 11:38:49 AM Individual Games and Sports II 71 8/24/2020 11:38:50 AM The current Olympic games contain freestyle events of 50m, 100m, 200m, 400m, 800m, and 1500m; 100m and 200m events in each of backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly; 200m Individual Medley (that is, 50m butterfly, 50m backstroke, 50m breaststroke, and 50m freestyle); 400m Individual Medley (100m butterfly, 100m backstroke, 100m breaststroke, and 100m freestyle); and the Marathon 10km. Do You Know?

2020-21 ort where a person propels the propels person a where ort stances are covered in different Fig. 5.15: Swimming g During a turn the swimmer shall touch the end of A swimmer should not walk. the enters who race, a in participating not swimmer Any water in which an event is being conducted before all scheduled next the from disqualified be shall swimmers race in the meet. A swimmer must finish the Swimming race across another lane in or interfering with the the same lane. other shall disqualify the offender. the pool. • • • • • • • • wimmin Rules Swimming is a sport that was included in the first modern Olympic Games at Athens in added in 1904 and 1896, women’s competitions were recognised diving events were in 1912. FINA (Federation International de Notation) was Swimming National AD. 1908 in Olympic London at formed Association of India was was one of founded the six in sports at 1949. the at First Delhi Asian in Swimming 1951. Games The held aquatic sport of swimming involves competition amongst participants to be the fastest over a given distance. Different di History levels of competition. S sp based water a is Swimming body through the water by arms, known as strokes and legs that are called kicks and move progressively through water. Swimming child. the of development round all for sport a is It stress minimum places and system cardiovascular improves leading body the of groups muscle major employs It joints. on to a well-developed flexible muscular system. Swimming is suffering people for rehabilitation physical for important also or those recovering from injuries. from disabilities Chap-5.indd 71 Chap-5.indd 72 72 Health and Physical Education - Class X (ii) Take off (iii) Flight (position in air) (iv) Entry into the water block the on Position (i) followed; is sequence following The Circular (ii) start. Tuck (v) start Conventional (iv) start start Racings (iii) start Grab (i) are: starting today, The popular position. techniques, starting the from a swimmers off him push The allows stronger which start. technique, quickest as the known on emphasis technique the using by All four competitive strokes are to be started in the competition Starts have beenlearntinthepreviousclass. (Front strokes mentioned above the All world. strokes the over all followed competitive four are Crawl, Back Crawl, Breast stroke and Butterfly stroke) being there swimming In Strokes Techniques inswimmingarestrokes,startsandturns. Fundamental techniques • • • • • • • • who has not yet finished the race. Otherwise the Otherwise be disqualified. race. the shall team relay the or finished fault the committing swimmer yet not swimmer has other who any obstructing without possible as soon as pool the leave must event, relay a in distance documented a of Any swimmer case having finished the race, the or the stipulated in only medical emergency. made be may the in swim to Failure order listed will event. result in disqualification. Substitutions that for member a by changed be it is made up may from the list of team swimmers properly entered relay between the heats a and finals of the event, provided that of composition The relay teammembermaycompeteinaraceonlyonce. Any race. the before nominated be must competing of order their and team relay a of member The race. the being is conducted, before swimmers of all teams have finished race the when water the enters length, that swim to designated swimmer the than other member, team a if race a from disqualified be shall team relay Any disqualified. be shall wall the touches teammate preceding the lose before platform feet starting the whose with touch swimmers of team the events, In relay team. relay each in swimmers four be shall There order ittobere-swim. the may they heat, last the in or event should final a in occur foul or, heat next the in compete to swimmer a of success swimmer, the of referees shall have the chances power to allow the the endanger foul a Should 2020-21 8/24/2020 11:38:50 AM

Individual Games and Sports II 73 8/24/2020 11:38:50 AM

2020-21 The 50 m race or good finish. maintaining the speed and a the sprint race depends on the start, races Middle and Long distance speed. and endurance build to is word key the races, these In In middle and long distance prevent races, building up the high oxygen debt. swimmer Swimming at tries a very to fast pace will accumulate a high level of oxygen debt early in the race and will experience an immediate drop in speed. ideal an than faster begin to prefer sometimes may Swimmer pace and attempt to get out in waters. front Some swimmers avoiding like the to swim choppy the strategy races in relation to the opponent. Sprint races Swimming is an individual and competitive cyclic with sport. the It application is transformed from of an highly art to science. Now, science. the importance is It is given to strategy getting and tactics for completing and pacing the race. In order to achieve the best performance, a swimmer must learn to distribute thoughtfully the throughout distance the economically during different race. races and can be Tactics categorised in three in different phase — (i) Sprint races (ii) swimming Middle distance races (iii) Long distance races Tactics (ii) Throw away turn (iii) Summer Sault turn (iv) Flip turn (v) turn. (vi) Breast stroke turn (vii) Butterfly Roll over turn The following sequence is followed in the turn: (i) Approach to the wall (ii) Turn or touch (iii) Push off (iv) Glide (v) First stroke. (v) Glide (vi) First stroke. However, backstroke uses almost a uniform technique, which does not have any special name start. as backstroke and is known Turns end the from turn a take must swimmer the race, the During of the wall to complete the full distance. The swimmers try to use a technique that is quicker and gives a strong push off from the wall within the permissible rules of the stroke. The various turns used by swimmers are: (i) Simple turn Chap-5.indd 73 Chap-5.indd 74 74 Health and Physical Education - Class X G III. B III.

II. II. I. I. adminton ymnastics

Fill intheBlanks Answer thefollowingQuestions State whetherTrueorFalse Fill intheBlanks Answer thefollowingQuestions State whetherTrueorFalse 2. 4. 3. 2. 4. 3. 2. 1. 3. 2. 2. 5. 4. 3. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.

Measurement offloorforexercisesis______metre. ______at______. women? Breadth ofbadmintonnetis2’6”. Player canleavethecourtatanytime. International BadmintonFederationwasfoundedin1934. Number offeathersinashuttlecockare______. Weight oftheshuttlecockis______to______. Height ofthepolesfromflooris______. Measurement ofBadmintoncourtforsinglesis______. Explain thebadmintontechniqueyoulikemost.Why? of badminton? Which motorskill doyouenjoythemostandwhyduringagame Balancing beamisawomen’s event. arrived intime. for wait can official A Gymnastic teamconsistsof______players. Length ofbalancingbeamis______. Uneven barisamen’sevent. in included was Gymnastics Rhythmic and men for events gymnastics between difference the is What Four playersarerequiredtostartagame. What arethetypesofeventsinBadminton? A 2020-21 ssessment ______minutes, if a player has not has player a if minutes, ______

lmi gms in games Olympic

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in the 2020-21 rubber with a felt coating. Traditionally coating. felt a with rubber table to move whilst the ball is in play, ______if his opponent’s free hand who first scores 11 points wins unless both ______feet long and ______feet ______and long feet ______ennis The frame of the hitting area may not be more than ______than more be not may area hitting the of frame The When does a game point occur in tennis? The table used in table tennis is ______feet long Which motor skill did you enjoy the most in table tennis game Pommel horse is a men’s event. horse is a men’s Pommel inches in length. hollow of are balls Tennis white, the ______. predominant color is court tennis was The gradually wide for singles matches. changed to If a player causes the player ______a point. A player shall score net assembly. touches the playing surface or the What is a break point in tennis? How is the scoring done in a tennis match? Write in brief the history of table tennis. Write in brief the history of table table tennis. List the equipments required in feet high. ______feet wide and ______from the table. Net is ______inches high up to ______points. A game of table tennis is played A player or the pair players and pairs score ______points. Then the game is a 2 point lead. won by the player or pairs who game Parallel bar is a men’s event. Parallel International Gymnastic Federation was founded and why? tennis. in the development of table Give three landmarks as used in table tennis. Define the terms, drive and smash year 1881.

T 1. 1. 1. 1. 3. 2. 3. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 2. 3. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. 5. Fill in the Blanks Answer the following Questions Fill in the Blanks Answer the following Questions Answer the following

ennis able I. I. II. II.

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T Chap-5.indd 75 Chap-5.indd 76 76 Health and Physical Education - Class X S

II. I. I. wimming

State whetherTrueorFalse Fill intheBlanks Answer thefollowingQuestions 3. 2. 1. 4. 3. 2. 3. 2. 1. 5. 4. 1.

Roll overturnispermittedinbackstroke. The fourthlaneisgiventothebestswimmer. A swimmercanchangethelaneafterstart. Height ofstartingplatformis______. Width oflaneis______. There are______lanesinstandardswimmingpool. and ______mts.width. Explain thetechniqueofanystrokeyourchoice? List downthedivingeventsofmenandwomen? Which strokeistheslowest? play men while matches, set ______setmatches. play Women determined is match tennis A ______. Standard swimming pool should pool swimming Standard the called are court the of width the delineate that lines The 2020-21 hog te et f o 5 sets. 5 or 3 of best the through be of ______mts. length mts. ______of be

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