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Zeitschrift/Journal: Spixiana, Zeitschrift für Zoologie

Jahr/Year: 2007

Band/Volume: 030

Autor(en)/Author(s): Schmid-Egger Christian

Artikel/Article: Revision of the genus Finnamore with description of three new species (Insecta, , , ) 85-92 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de

SPIXIANA 30 1 85–92 München, 1. Mai 2007 ISSN 0341–8391

Revision of the genus Lithium Finnamore with description of three new species

(Insecta, Hymenoptera, Crabronidae, Pemphredoninae)

Christian Schmid-Egger

Schmid-Egger, C. (2007): Revision of the genus Lithium Finnamore with descrip- tion of three new species (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Crabronidae, Pemphredoninae). – Spixiana 30/1: 85-92 The genus Lithium is revised, and four species are recognized: cicatrix Finnamore, 1987 from Senegal, Mali, Tanzania and Yemen, jabobsi, spec. nov. from southern Turkey, baghdadensis, spec. nov. from Iraq, and haladai, spec. nov. from southern Turkey and Jordan. The females of baghdadensis and haladai are unknown. Prey records of jabobsi belong to the genus Mocuellus Ribaut (Heteroptera, Cicadellidae). The revision includes diagnoses, descriptions, and a key to species. Results of a cladistic analysis of the genus Lithium are presented. Christian Schmid-Egger, Kirchstraße 1, 82211 Herrsching, Germany; e-mail: [email protected]

Introduction Adpressed setae: setae forming an angle close to 0° with the body surface. Finnamore (1987) described the genus Lithium based Mesosoma: the thorax including the propodeum. on a single species, L. cicatrix from Mali. He also Metasoma: the apparent abdomen consisting of the presented a cladogram showing the placement of abdomen excluding the fi rst segment or propodeum. Propodeal enclosure: triangular basal area of the Lithium within the Pseninae. According to his propodeal surface, separated by a furrow from the analysis Lithium is the sister group of the Nearctic propodeal sides and the propodeal hindface. genus Ammopsen, and represents the sister Upper frons area: OOL = Distance between eye and group of Lithium and Ammopsen. Finnamore also posterior ocellus; HD = maximum diameter of posteri- provided a key to the world genera of . or ocellus; POL = minimum distance between posterior Simon Thomas (1995) added new records of ocelli, SOL = distance between posterior and anterior L. cicatrix from Senegal and redescribed the female. ocellus. In the meantime, after examining a large sample of The terminology of the surface structure follows about of 120 Lithium specimens from Turkey, Jordan, Harris (1979). The following acronyms are used for Iraq, and Africa, three undescribed species were depositories of examined specimens: OLL (Oberöster- discovered, together with some new records of reichisches Landesmuseum Linz/Austria), SE (private collection Christian Schmid-Egger), ZMA (Zoölogisch L. cicatrix. The new species represent the fi rst record Museum Amsterdam, Netherlands), Jacobs (private of Lithium from the Palaearctic region. collection Hans-Joachim Jacobs, Ranzin/Germany). A phylogenetic analysis of Lithium was conducted (Fig. 15) with Mimesa equestris chosen as outgroup. Am- Materials and Methods mopsen is the putative sister group to Lithium and both form the sister clade to Mimesa (Finnamore 1987). Ma- The terminology generally follows Bohart & Menke terial of Ammopsen was not available for this study. Data (1976). Some exceptions for morphological terms are were recorded in WINCLADA version 0.9.99m24 (Ni- listed below: xon 1999) and an exhaustive search was performed

85 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de using PAUP* 4.0b10 (Swofford 2002). The character 2. Sterna II-IV apically with triangular patch of states are described in Tab. 1 and the data matrix is brown setae. Upper frontal depression deeply shown in Tab. 2. Only males were scored, because fe- impressed (when viewed from behind), its inner males are known for only two of the four species. margin curved vertically upwards, at top slight- ly overhanging to eye, its inner edge projecting Genus Lithium Finnamore above level of posterior ocellus as a pyramidi- form tubercle (Figs 2, 3, 4). Hind tibia mostly Lithium Finnamore, 1987: 1081. black. Southern Turkey ...... jabobsi, spec. nov. Type species: Lithium cicatrix Finnamore 1987 by origi- – Only sterna II and III with patch of setae (Fig. 8). nal designation and monotypy. Upper frontal depression less impressed (when viewed from behind), its inner margin curved Diagnosis. Lithium differs from other Pseninae by with obtuse angle near hindocellus, its edge not having a very short petiole (shorter than its apical projecting above level of posterior ocellus (Figs width), an unsculptured hypoepimeral area, and the 9, 10). Hind tibia all yellow. Southern Turkey, presence of an omaulus (Fig. 6). The males have deep Jordan ...... haladai, spec. nov. depressions on the frons (Figs 3, 9) and spine-like projections on basal or apical fl agellomeres ven- 3. Frontal depression narrow, comma-shaped or trally. Another character of the male is specialized angled (Fig. 12). Mesonotum shiny, densely and adpressed setae (sternal fi mbriae) at apical borders fi nely punctate, interspaces as large or sometimes of midsterna (Figs 8, 14). The female pygidial plate larger than diameter of punctures. Propodeum is well developed and has parallel sides. coarsely sculptured, propodeal enclosure with Superfi cially species of Lithium resemble small fi eld-like furrows. Tegulae brownish-yellow. Lindenius or Diodontus (Crabronidae) (Fig. 1), but Mali, Senegal, Tanzania, Yemen ...... Lithium has three submarginal cells in the forewing ...... cicatrix Finnamore (one or two cells in Lindenius and Diodontus). Using – Frontal depression rounded, similar in size to the most recent keys to genera of of the anterior ocellus (Fig. 13). Mesonotum fi nely Palaearctic and Ethiopian regions (Bohart & Menke microsculptured, punctures scattered. Propo- 1976, Bitsch et al. 1993), Lithium keys out as Mimesa. deum fi nely sculptured, propodeal enclosure at It can be separated easily from Mimesa by the above- most with some fi ne crosswise (transverse?) mentioned characters, in particular by the short furrows, but not completely different from ad- petiole and by the frontal depressions present in jacent areas. Tegulae basally light yellow, api- males. cally transparent. Iraq ...... baghdadensis, spec. nov. Distribution. Western and eastern Africa, Arabian peninsula to Turkey. The genus Lithium is recorded Females for the fauna of the Palaearctic region for the fi rst time. 1. Body length more than 6 mm. Area between lateral ocellus and eye (close to eye) shiny, with- out punctures. Terga I-IV with dense and fi ne Key to species of Lithium punctures. Puncture diameter on mesonotum at most twice as large as punctures on tergum II. Males (Flagellomere dark above). Southern Turkey to 1. Frons with large lateral depression between eye Jordan ...... jabobsi, spec. nov. and posterior ocellus, with impression above – Body length at most 5 mm. No shiny area near scape (Figs 2-4). Mesonotum densely and coarse- eye, at most interspaces near eye larger than ly punctate, interspaces smaller than punctures between ocelli. Terga I-IV without punctures, or punctures furrow-like. Flagellomeres dor- fi nely microsculptured. Mesonotum with very sally dark, pale yellow-reddish below. Body size fi ne punctures. Mali, Senegal, Tanzania, Yem- 5-6 mm ...... 2. en ...... cicatrix Finnamore – Frons only with comma-shaped or rounded depression below anterior ocellus (Figs 12, 13). The female of haladai from southern Turkey and Space above scape fl at or barely impressed. Jordan is unknown. Probably it is similar to that of Mesonotum fi nely punctate, interspaces larger jabobsi and it may have a yellow hind tibia and than or as large as punctures. Flagellomeres red, mandible (black in jabobsi). Also, the female of bagh- above at most slightly dark. Smaller than dadensis from Iraq is unknown. Probably it is similar 5 mm ...... 3. to the female of cicatrix and may be distinguished

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Figs 1-6. Lithium jabobsi, spec. nov. M. 1. lateral view. 2. Head frontal. 3. Head lateral. 4. Frontal depression, dor- so-frontal view. 5. Genitalia. 6. Thorax lateral. Figs 7-8. L. haladai, spec. nov. M. 7. Flagellomeres. 8. Sternal setae II + III.

87 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de by the characters given in the key to males, in par- on sternum II, and shorter on remaining sterna. ticular by the sculpture of mesonotum and propo- Setae yellowish and as long as diameter of anterior deum, and also by the colour of tegula. ocellus. Genitalia similar as in cicatrix.

Etymology. The species is named in reference to Bagh- Lithium baghdadensis, new species dad, the capital of Iraq, where the type specimen was Fig. 13 collected. Distribution. Iraq. Known only from type locality. Types. Holotype: M, 30 March 1988, Iraq, Baghdad, Sci. Res. Center, leg Olenijcek (OLL). Diagnosis. The male of baghdadensis is characterised Lithium cicatrix Finnamore by two frontal-lateral rounded depressions below Figs 12, 14 the anterior ocellus, and by a simple frons surface Lithium cicatrix Finnamore 1987: 1081-1084. Holotype between posterior ocelli and eye (with deep depres- male, ‘Male, female description’ Mali, Gao (Provin- sion in jabobsi and haladai). The similar species cica- cial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada) (not trix has two comma-shaped or angled depressions examined). below anterior ocellus, its body surface – in particu- Lithium cicatrix, Simon Thomas 1995: 182-185. About 270 lar the propodeal enclosure – is coarser than in specimens collected, redescription of female, fauna baghdadensis. of Senegal, a male and a female from this series were examined. Description of male Diagnosis. The male of cicatrix is characterized by Body length 4.5 mm. Colour black. Mouthparts, two frontolateral comma-shaped or angled depres- labrum, mandible and fl agellomeres orange-yellow- sions below the anterior ocellus, and by a simple ish, pronotal lobe, tegula, basal part of wing venation, frons surface between posterior ocellus and eye. The all tibiae and tarsi white-yellowish. Apical third of similar species baghdadensis has two rounded or mandible dark reddish. triangular depressions below anterior ocellus, its Head. Frons with fi ne microsculpture, with body surface in particular its propodeal enclosure, ‘greasy’ shine and scattered very fi ne punctures. is fi ner sculptured as in cicatrix. Lithium jabobsi and Punctures at midfrons 1-2 diameters apart, vertex haladai both have a deep depression between poste- nearly impunctate. Frons below antennal sockets rior ocellus and eye margin, and a large impression with adpressed silver pubescence. Pubescence sparse. above scape. For diagnosis of female see key. POL = OOL. Frons between anterior ocellus and midpart of inner eye margin with low impression. Description of male Impression rounded to triangular, as large as ante- Body length 5 mm. Colour: Overall black species. rior ocellus. Area directly above antennal socket Mandible, scape, fl agellomeres and tegula ochre- shiny, somewhat impressed. Apex of scape without yellowish, tibia and tarsi whitish-yellow, hind tibia spine. Flagellomeres I-IV somewhat shorter than apically with black patch. their apical width, remaining fl agellomeres 1.5 × as Head. Frons shiny with dense punctation, punc- long as wide, last fl agellomere 2 × as long as wide. tures a diameter apart. Lower part of face with dense Flagellomeres I-IV below with very short spine-like silvery pubescence, obscuring integument. Frons projections. between anterior ocellus and middle part of inner Mesosoma. Mesonotum, mesopleuron, meso- eye margin with narrow, long furrow. Furrow sternum and scutellum with very fi ne microsculp- comma-shaped or more or less angled in the middle. ture, shiny, with scattered small punctures. Punc- Apex of scape laterally and fl agellomere III with a tures on mesoscutum several diameters apart, spine-like projection. Flagellomeres I-V half as long punctation on mesopleuron and scutellum denser. as wide, remaining fl agellomeres longer than wide. Propodeum very finely confused-rugulose, the Mesosoma. Mesoscutum, mesopleuron and propodeal enclosure more coarsely sculptured. scutellum with dense, deep punctation, punctures Mesosoma covered with scattered silver setae. a diameter apart. Propodeal enclosure triangular, Metasoma. Terga and sterna shiny, microsculp- distinctly striate (scabrous sensu Harris 1979), the tured with unclear punctation. Terga apically with adjacent parts of propodeum fi nely microscultpured, some silver coloured setae, forming an indistinct lower part laterally and to the back also with some band. Apical margin of sterna II-IV with dense ad- striae. pressed short pubescence (as long as 1.5-5 × HD). Metasoma. Terga and sterna shiny, somewhat Setae form a row, which is as long as mid basitarsus microsculptured, indistinctly punctate. Terga api-

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12

14 13 Fig. 12. L. cicatrix Finnamore, M, head frontal. Fig. 13. L. baghdadensis, spec. nov. M, head frontal. Fig. 14. L. cicatrix Finnamore, M, sterna with sternal setae on sterna II-IV.

simple. For a detailed description see Simon Thomas (1995).

Distribution. Senegal, Mali, Tanzania, Yemen Material examined. Senegal: 1M, 1W, 8 August to 9 October 1989, 25-35 km S de Richard Toll, in malaise traps, det. R. T. Simon Thomas (SE); Yemen: 1M, October 1992, leg Drews (ZMA). Tanzania: M, bor Mombo 9. January 1996 (OLL). Discussion. I did not examine the holotype of cica- trix, but I did study two specimens identifi ed by Simon Thomas, who compared them with the holo- type. All specimens studied agree with the descrip- tion of cicatrix.

Figs 9-11. L. haladai, spec. nov. M. 9. Head frontal. Lithium jabobsi new species 10. Frontal depressions, dorso-frontal view. 11. Propo- Figs 1-6 deal surface, dorso-apical view. Types. Holotype: M, Turkey, 10 June 1998, Kahraman- cally with some silvery setae, forming an indistinct maras, 40 km SE, leg. Marek Halada (OLL). –Paratypes: band. Sternum II-IV at apical border with dense 25MM, 58WW, same data as holotype (OLL); 1M, 24WW, adpressed setae. Setae form a band, which is on 2001, 30 km NW Gaziantep leg. M. Snizek (OLL); 5MM, sternum II as long as mid basitarsus, and somewhat 27 Mai 2003, 4MM, 1 June 2004, 22WW, 18 June 2005: shorter on remaining sterna. Setae brown-yellowish Antalya, Geris 36.35°N 31.73°E, 2WW with leafhoppers and as long as diameter of anterior ocellus. (Jacobs)

Description of female Diagnosis. The male is characterized by large fron- tal depressions and a lateral projection between Body length 4.5-5 mm. Similar to male in colour and posterior ocellus and eye. It has patches of setae on sculpture. Scape, fl agellomeres, frons, and sterna the apical border of sterna II-IV. The similar species

89 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de haladai has a smaller frontal depression with a small setae at apical border. Genitalia Fig. 5, gonostylus projection, and setal patches only on sterna II-III. dark brown. Lithium baghdadensis and cicatrix both have only a small frontal projection below the anterior ocellus, Description of female the space between posterior ocellus and eye is fl at. Body length 6-6.5 mm. Colour: Similar to male, but tibia I-III black indistinctly reddish apically. Description of male Head. Lower part of clypeus and labrum with Body length 5.5-6.5 mm. Colour black, dark yellow some erect, long golden setae. Frons with band of are: fl agellomeres ventrally (proximal fl agellomeres silver adpressed setae along the inner eye margin. black, apical fl agellomere apically completely yel- Band begins above scape, it has same length as scape, low), anterior band on tibiae (hind tibia less yellow), pedicellus and fl agellomere I. Width of band equals tarsi. Wing venation dark brown. Mandible dark 2 × the diameter of the anterior ocellus. Area between reddish medially. Entire body covered with erect eye and posterior ocellus shiny, impunctate, as large silver setae which are band-like at posterior border as last fl agellomere. OOL = 1.8 × HD, POL = 1.6 × HD, of terga II-VI. SOL = 1.1 × HD. Head. Face below scape with dense silver ad- Mesosoma and Metasoma. Sculpture of body pressed setae. Flagellomeres I-V extremely short similar as in male. Sterna apically without setae. 1 1 (length /4 to /3 of basal width), fl agellomeres VI to Tergum VI with large pygidial plate covering com- X as long as wide, fl agellomere XI 1.6 × as long as plete tergal length. Pygidial plate as large as diam- its basal width. Scape at apex laterally? with short eter of scape, its surface granulate. Tergum VI includ- spine, fl agellomeres I-III with short triangular spine ing pygidial plate covered with erect brown setae. ventrally. Flagellomeres VI-X distally with spine-like projection. Frons between antennal sockets with Etymology. The species is named after Hans-Joachim short spinose setae. Frons above scape laterally with Jacobs, who collected some type specimens and who large shiny impression, as large as scape; and an contributed to the knowledge about the life history of the species. upper depression. Upper depression ends at a line between posterior ocellus and eye, deeply impressed Life history. Hans-Joachim Jacobs wrotes: “Males (view from behind), inner margin vertical, at top occur long before females (end of May, beginning slightly overhanging to eye, edge projected above of June). I found the fi rst females in mid June in full level of posterior ocellus in a pyramidiform tubercle nesting activity, but no more males. Females dig (when viewed from behind). Frons between impres- nests in clay, stony soil. In a very small area (about sions and depressions covered with dense silver 2 square meters) I found a colony with ca 40-50 setae. POL = OOL = 1.5 × diameter of posterior ocel- specimens. Females carried small green leafhoppers lus. Head dorsally markedly punctuate. Occipital for prey”. Two female leafhoppers with ca 4.5 mm carina present, ending without tooth or spine, not body length were identifi ed by Herbert Nickel as reaching hypostomal carina. species of the genus Mocuellus Ribaut, 1946 (s.str.) Mesosoma. Pronotum, mesonotum, scutellum, (Heteroptera, Cicadellidae). Females are not identi- mesopleuron and gaster (not mesosoma!) with dense fi able to species level. Species of the genus lives on and conspicuous punctation. Hypoepimeral area various grass species (Gramineae) (Nickel in lit.). somewhat bulging. Omaulus present with remnant curving anteriorly, at lower margin of mesopleuron. Distribution. Southern Turkey. Scrobal sulcus deeply impressed (scrobal sulcus diffi cult to differentiate from adjacent omaulus). Lithium haladai new species Mesosomal metasternum deeply emarginate. Pro- Figs 7-11 podeum scabicolous to rugose, the propodeal enclo- sure areolate-rugose (sensu Harris 1979). Propodeal Types. Holotype: M, 29.-30. April 1996 Jordan, NW, structure somewhat variable. Hind tibia above with North Shuna leg. Marek Halada (OLL) – Paratypes: row of spines between setae, apically with two spurs. Turkey: 1M, 10 June 1998 Kahramanmaras, 40 km SE. Metasoma. Petiole, measured from above, very leg. Marek Halada (OLL); 1M, 8 July 1997 40 km E short, at most half as long as its apical width. Terga Malatya, Kopeksiz leg. Marek Halada (OLL); Jordan and sterna II-VI with dense punctation, punctures NW: 2MM, 29.-30. April 1996 North Shuna leg. Marek Halada (OLL). 0.5 × their diameters apart, becoming invisible on last terga and sterna. Tergum I with scattered, fi ne Diagnosis. The male is characterized by frontal punctation, punctures 2 × their diameter apart. depressions between posterior ocellus and eye Sterna II-IV with triangular patch of brown long similar to jabobsi. The lateral depressions are small-

90 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de er than in jabobsi, the edge next to the posterior Cladistic Analysis ocellus does not project as in jabobsi. Also, sternum IV has no setal patch like the other Lithium. Lithium A single most parsimonious tree with 27 steps re- baghdadensis and cicatrix both have only a small sulted from the analysis with a consistency index frontal depression below anterior ocellus. (CI) of 0.74 and a retention index (RI) of 0.53. The newly described taxa all cluster together and show Description of male a monophyletic genus Lithium with respect to Mimesa. The genus is supported by nine apomor- Body length 6 mm. Colour black, dark yellow are: phies, including the short fi rst fl agellomere (charac- mandible in basal half, fl agellomeres below (proxi- ter 6), the fi rst fl agellomere with spines ventrally mal fl agellomeres black, apical fl agellomere api- (character 7), the pale hind basitarsus (character 14), cally completely yellow), tegula, precostal plate, basal fi fth of wing venation, apex of femora, tibiae and tarsi. Hind tibia brownish yellow, hind basitar- Tab. 1. Character description and character states used sus whitish. Last tergum completely and last sternum in the phylogenetic analysis. apically reddish. Remaining wing venation dark brown. Entire body with erect silver setae, band-like 1 Frons below posterior ocellus (0) fl at (1) with small, at posterior border of terga II-VI. Sterna II and III deep comma-shaped or drop shaped depressions apically each with triangular patch of long brown 2 Frons below scape (0) fl at (1) with small to large setae. depressions Head. Face below scape with dense silver ad- 3 Frons between eye and posterior ocellus (0) fl at (1) pressed pilosity. Flagellomeres and scape similar as with large depressions and tubercles 4 Mandible (0) all black (1) mostly pale reddish in jabobsi, but apical projections of fl agellomeres 5 Scape distally at outer surface (0) without spine (1) barely visible and not present on apical fl agellom- with long spine eres. Shiny impression extends to a line between 6 Basal fl agellomeres (0) long (1) short posterior ocellus and eye. Depression as long as 1.5X 7 Basal fl agellomeres (0) without spine (1) with spines HD, surface shiny with indistinct microsculpture, beneath inner margin curved with obtuse angle toward 8 Flagellomere X (0) without spine (1) with small posterior ocellus, edge not projecting beyond level spine or tubercle beneath of posterior ocellus (when viewed from behind). 9 Pronotal lobe (0) black (1) pale yellow Frons between impression and depression covered 10 Interspaces on mesonotum (0) microsculptured (1) with dense silver pilosity. POL = OOL = 1.5 HD. Head shiny above markedly punctate. Occipital carina present, 11 Structure of propodeal enclosure (0) areolate-rugo- ending without tooth or spine, not reaching hypos- se (fi g. 11) (1) fi ner sculptured (confused-rugulo- se). tomal carina. 12 Metanotum (0) convex (1) fl at Mesosoma. Similar as in jabobsi. 13 Hindtibia (0) partly dark (1) all pale yellow Metasoma. Petiole and punctation of sterna and 14 Hindbasibarsus (0) dark (1) all pale yellow terga similar as in jabobsi. Apical border of sterna II 15 First recurrent vein of forewing (0) interstitial (1) and III with triangular patch of brown setae. Gono- ending in fi rst forth of second submarginal cell stylus pale and partly translucent. 16 Petiole (0) long (1) short Female. Unknown. 17 Tergum II (0) without punctures (1) with marked punctures Etymology. The species is named after the Czech ento- 18 Sterna (0) without setae (1) with setae mologist Marek Halada, who collected the specimens. 19 Sternal setae form (0) a long row (1) a triangular patch Distribution. Southern Turkey and Jordan. 20 Setae on sternum IV (0) absent (1) present

Tab. 2. Character matrix of the data used in phylogenetic analysis.

Character 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 M. equestris 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. baghdadensis 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 L. cicatrix 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 L. jabobsi 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 L. haladai 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

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M. equestris analysis the following autapomorphies are con- fi rmed for Lithium: frontal depressions (autapomor-

4 8 phy for Lithium); apical spines on some male fl agel- L. jabobsi lomeres (synapomorphy with Ammopsen); pale hind 2 3 17 19 0 1 basitarsus (probably an autapomorphy for Lithium, 1 1 1 1 13 20 not examined in all related genera); short petiole L. haladai 4 5 6 7 10 14 15 16 18 20 1 0 (probably an autapomorphy for Lithium, but also occurring in some related genera such as Diodontus); 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 10 13 15 L. baghdadi apical setae on male sterna (probably an autapomor- 1 9 11 12 0 0 1 0 phy for Lithium, but also occurring in ). 1 1 1 0 8 L. cicatrix 1 Acknowledgments Fig. 15. Single most parsimonious tree. Characters are numbered as in character matrix (Tabs 1, 2) with cha- I extend my sincere thanks to Fritz Gusenleitner and Dr. racter numbers above and character states below the Martin Schwarz (both Linz, Austria), Dr. Willem Ho- circles. Characters were plotted on the tree using fast genes (Amsterdam, Netherlands) and Hans-Joachim optimization. The circles are coded as follows: ( = for- Jacobs (Ranzin, Germany) for the loan of specimens, and ward change with no homoplasy; ’ = forward change to Dr. Herbert Nickel (Göttingen, Germany) for identify- with homoplasy or reversal. ing the leafhoppers. Also, I kindly thank Dr. Martin Hauser, Kristin Algmin, and Scott Robinson from the the short petiolus (character 16) and the modifi ed Department of Entomology at the University of Illinois setae on the male sterna (character 18). in Urbana/IL for preparing the ESEM pictures and the photograph. Martin Hauser and Dr. Stefan Schmidt Lithium jabobsi and haladai form a monophyletic (Munich) kindly checked the draft and the English and clade which is supported by the following characters: contributed some fundamental suggestions to the man- large lateral depressions with lateral tubercles be- uscript. tween the eyes and the posterior ocellus (characters 2, 3), tergum 2 with distinct punctures (character 17) and triangular shaped patch of setae on the sterna References (character 19). The function of the depressions is unknown. By Bitsch, J.& J. Leclercq (1993). Faune de France. France et size and position, the large depressions below scape régions limitrophes. 79. Hyménoptères Sphecidae may allow the males to place their own antennae d’Europe occidentale. Volume 1. Généralités – Cra- (the scape) into it. Additionally, the upper depres- broninae. Fédération Française des Sociétés de sions may also include the possibility to fi x the female Sciences Naturelles, Paris. 325 pp. antennae during copulation. Bohart R. M. & A. S. Menke (1976). Sphecid of Important differences between the species are the world. A generic revision. – University of the form and position of the specialized male sternal California Press, Berkeley. ix + 695 pp. Finnamore, A. T. (1987). A new genus and species of setae. They are found only in species of Lithium and Pseninae wasps from Africa and a key to genera Psen (Finnamore 1987). In Lithium, there are two (Hymenoptera: Pemphredonidae: Pseninae). – The types of setae: cicatrix and baghdadensis have a dense Canadian Entomologist 119: 1081-1094 transverse row of short setae which give the impres- Harris, R. A. (1979). A glossary of surface sculpturing. sion of a brush (Fig. 14). The rows are placed on the – Occasional Papers in Entomology 28: 1-31 apical borders of sterna II-IV. In contrast, jabobsi and Nixon, K. C. (1999). Winclada (BETA) ver. 0.9.9 pub- haladai have a triangular patch of long setae (Fig. 8). lished by the author. – Ithaca, NY. Also, the number of sterna with setae is different in Simon Thomas, R. T. (1995). Notes on two species of these two species: haladai has specialised setae only Sphecidae from Senegal and Yemen (Hymenopte- on sterna II and III, whereas jabobsi possesses setae ra). – Entomologische Berichten Amsterdam 55: on sterna II-IV. 182-184 Swofford, D. L. (2002). PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Finnamore (1987) postulated autapomorphic Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4. character states for Lithium, which were based on – Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts the only known species, cicatrix. In the present

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