DOCSLIB.ORG

Music: the Case of Afghanistan by JOHN BAILY

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Music: the Case of Afghanistan by JOHN BAILY from Popular Music 1, CambridgeUniversity Press 1981 Cross -cultural perspectives in popular music: the case of Afghanistan by JOHN BAILY The problem of definition It is inevitable that the first issue of this yearbook will raise questions about the use of the term 'popular music'. I do not believe that this question is going to be easy to answer and, as a precaution, I think we should regard quick and seemingly clearcut solutions with suspicion. In fact, we may eventually have to operate with intuitive, poorly defined and rather elastic definitions of popular music. Before we resort to that expedient, however, the problem of definition must be considered and discussed from various points of view. The editors have offered the following two definitions (the number- ing is mine): (1)From one point of view 'popular music' exists in any stratified society. It is seen as the music of the mass of the people ... as against that of an élite. (2) From another point of view there is at the very least a significant qualita- tive change, both in the meaning which is felt to attach to the term and in the processes to which the music owes its life, when a society undergoes indus- trialisation. From this point of view popular music is typical of societies with a relatively highly developed division of labour and a clear distinction between producers and consumers, in which cultural products are created largely by professionals, sold in a mass market and reproduced through mass media. (P. i above) The first of these definitions is very general, the second very specific. Within the Western world they are perhaps appropriate. But are they valid at a cross -cultural level? Consideration of varieties of world music suggests that 'popular music' is a transcultural phenomenon. In this wider context the definitions seem more questionable. The first is too loose, too unspecific, and does not distinguish between the possibly separate analytical categories of 'popular' and 'folk' music. The second definition is too tight because it implies that 'popular music' is charac- teristic only of industrialised societies. We shall return to this matter later. In this paper I shall describe in some detail a kind of music typical of the cities of Afghanistan that I believe can be legitimately labelled 105 io6 John Bally 'popular music'. Beyond the ethnographic data I am also concerned with the theoretical issue of the basis on which we labela genre of music as 'popular music'. In justifying the use of this labelcross - culturally one is in effect having to define the characteristics of popular music. Two points should be made in relation to this theoretical issue. Firstly, the ethnomusicological approach suggests that labels suchas 'art music', 'folk music' and 'popular music' can be used with justifica- tion in a cross -cultural context only when the society concerned makes such distinctions itself. Otherwise we are in danger of distorting the data to fit preconceived analytical concepts and definitions thatmay be totally inappropriate. We must try to understand a music system from the inside, from the point of view of the people who create anduse the music. For example, in the case of the term 'art music' it seemsper- fectly justified to use this term for those musics of Asia thatare considered to be 'art' by the people themselves. Use of the term 'art music' implies that the society concerned distinguishes at least two kinds of music: 'art' and something else that is not 'art'. The music of an hypothetical society that has only one kind of music could not be analytically labelled as 'art', 'folk' or anything else, for there isno contrast, it is simply 'music' as opposed to 'non- music'. Secondly, even if we agree that we should only use the term 'popu- lar music' when it corresponds to a native category in the folk view,* we are still left with a definitional problem. We have to put forward some criteria in order to test whether what appears on the surface to be a 'popular music' category in another music system really doescorres- pond to our own analytical concept of 'popular music'. Some possible criteria for identifying 'popular music' will be suggested later in the paper. These criteria amount to a partial definition of 'popular music'. Major categories of music in the thinking of Heratis The ethnographic data to be described were collected in Herat Province inwestern Afghanistan during two years'ethnomusicological fieldwork in the mid- 197os.t Most of my fieldworkwas carried out in the city of Herat, the third largest city in Afghanistan, eighty miles * By 'folk e I refer tthe perceptioiis acid cognitions of the people themselves. I'he important distinction between native and analytical evaluations is discussed in Mer- riam 1964, pp. 31 -2. Where Merriam uses the term 'folk -evaluationI prefer 'folk view'. t This research was funded by the Social Science Research Council of the United Kingdom, whose generous support is gratefully acknowledged. Fieldwork was car- ried out in 1973 -4, when I was an SS R o Post -Doctoral Research Fellow, and again in 1976 -7 under an ssRC Conversion Fellowship Scheme. Cross -cultural perspectives in popular music: Afghanistan 107 from the Iranian border. Reference is also madeto Radio Afghanistan, broadcasting from Kabul, the capital (ineastern Afghanistan), but extensive research has not been carriedout at the radio station.* Any musical ethnography mustgo into the question of how the people classify the different kinds of music that theyuse. This matter is of crucial importance, for, as already explained,we can only talk about a genre of music as 'popular music' if it corresponds toan equivalent native concept. For various reasons the folk classificationused by a people is often difficult to elucidate. Distinctionsthat may appear obvious to the outsider may not be apparentto the people (suggesting that the outsider has failed to understand the folkview), or a category may be found to exist in their thinking but to haveno generally agreed label. A faithful representation of theways that Heratis distinguish and label different genres of music would be rather complexand beyond the scope of this paper. As a simplification letus accept that amongst their categories the four shown in Figurei are of major importance. In Figure i the four categories are representedas being at the same level of a system of classification. Musiqi -ye klasik refers to Hindustani vocal music ofthe khayal and tarana genres, which is widely known in Afghanistan andis per- formed by some Afghant musicians. In Afghanistan thisgenre is regarded as 'art music'. The word klasik is the English word'classical', probably derived from India, where Hindustani musicis often referred to as 'Indian classical music'. Ghazalkhani refers to the singing of serious Persianpoetry in the ghazal form. Some of the poetry usedcomes from the great poets of the past, such as Hafez and Sa'di; some is ofmore recent provenance, penned by Afghan and Indian -born poets writing inPersian. Similar ghazals (in Urdu rather than Persian)are performed in India and Pakistan. In certain contexts this is also regardedas 'art music' by Heratis. Musiqi -ye mahali refers to 'local music'. In Herat, thislabel refers to those kinds of music that the people identifyas Herati. Certain kinds of mahali could be regarded as 'folk music', being handeddown through oral tradition over the generations and beingperformed by non- * In writing about the use of music in Afghanistan, I have adopted the convention known as the 'ethnographic present', in which a state of affairs that existedin the past is described in the present tense. Political events in Afghanistan since1978 make it highly unlikely that the situation I describe persists unchanged. t I use the term 'Afghan' here to refer to inhabitants of Afghanistan irrespective of ethnic origins. The two main ethnic groups are Pashtuns and Tajiks; most inhabitants of Herat are the latter. The two official languages are Pashtu and Persian. Persian is the language of Herat. io8 John Baily musigi 'music' I i 1 musigi -ye klasik ghazalkhani musigi -ye mahali kiliwali 'classical music' 'ghazal singing' 'local music' 'popular music' Figure i.Four categories of music distinguished by Heratis specialists. 'Local music' from other regions is often identified by Heratis in ethnic or geographical terms, viz. Uzbeki (Uzbek, an ethnic group) or shomali (northern). Kiliwali is tentatively labelled in Figure i as 'popular music'. The major characteristics of this genre will be described in the remainder of this paper. Essentially, the term refers to a kind of urban music broad- cast from the radio station and copied over the rest of the country, especially in the towns and cities. A few words of qualification are needed about my use of the term kiliwali. This Pashtu word means 'of the village', and whenused in Pashtu properly refers to Pashtun regional music, the 'ethnic'music of the Pashtuns. In Herat, which is Persian- speaking, the termkiliwali is used by some people, especially by musicians, to refer to those genres of music which are discussed below, and which have beententatively labelled 'popular music'. They probably use this label becausethe main formal and structural characteristics of the music wereoriginally de- rived from Pashtun regional music. I use the term forsimplicity of expression, and because it is used by some Heratis. Main features of kiliwali music Musical aspects Kiliwali has a distinct musical style: two of its most dominant features are the constant alternation of vocal and instrumental sections, and the frequent use of rhythmic cadential devices. As with other genres of Afghan music, kiliwali is monophonic in concept (i.e. linear melody with no vertical harmonic or poly_ phonic component) and hetero- phoa..c in execution (because the instruments that accompany the singer each play the melodic line slightly differently).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Terminology of Art Music in Ottoman Turkish and Modern Turkish Lexicography (19Th-21St Century)
    TERMINOLOGY OF ART MUSIC IN OTTOMAN TURKISH AND MODERN TURKISH LEXICOGRAPHY (19TH-21ST CENTURY). Agata Pawlina Jagiellonian University Abstract In this paper the author presents preliminary conclusions concerning changes in forms (in respect of orthography and morphology) and semantics of musical terms in Ottoman Turkish and modern Turkish lexicography. Selected dictionaries (including mono- and bilingual, general and specialized ones) from the period between the 19th and 21st century had been analyzed. This period of time is particularly interesting for establishing how a) Turkish lexicographic works reflect the Westernization of high- culture music of the late Ottoman Empire and the young Republic of Turkey and b) differences between art music of the Ottoman and European traditions are perceived nowadays. By presenting a terminological analysis of words considered to be not only basic musicological terms but also a part of natural language (‘singer’, ‘piano’, ‘kanun’) the author unveils some of the issues associated with the translation of Turkish musical terms into European languages and vice-versa. Those problems arise from the duality and hybridity which exist in contemporary Turkish musical culture. Its older part, the so-called classical/traditional art music (tur. Türk sanat müziği or Osmanlı/Türk klasik müziği) emerged at the turn of the 17th century, as a part of a Middle Eastern art musical tradition. Later on, during modernizing efforts conducted in the declining Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, European art music had been incorporated along with its international, translingual terminology. As a result of such duality, interesting phenomena are being observed in modern Turkish vocabulary concerning art music.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading the Meaning of Mother in Your Mother Song Lyrics
    READING THE MEANING OF MOTHER IN YOUR MOTHER SONG LYRICS: A SEMIOTIC OF POETRY ANALYSIS A GRADUATING PAPER Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Gaining the Bachelor Degree in English Literature By: NAJIB NUGROHO 16150047 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF ADAB AND CULTURAL SCIENCES STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA 2020 ii iii KEMENTERIAN AGAMA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUNAN KALIJAGA FAKULTAS ADAB DAN ILMU BUDAYA Jl. MarsdaAdisucipto Yogyakarta 55281 Telp./Fak. (0274)513949 Web: http://adab.uin-suka.ac.id E-mail : [email protected] NOTA DINAS Hal : Skripsi a.n. Najib Nugroho Yth. Dekan Fakultas Adab dan Ilmu Budaya UIN Sunan Kalijaga di Yogyakarta Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Setelah memeriksa, meneliti, dan memberikan arahan untuk perbaikan atas skripsi saudara: Nama : NAJIB NUGROHO NIM : 16150047 Prodi : Sastra Inggris Fakultas : Adab dan Ilmu Budaya Judul: READING THE MEANING OF MOTHER IN YOUR MOTHER SONG LYRICS: A SEMIOTICS OF POETRY ANALYSIS Saya menyatakan bahwa skripsi tersebut sudah dapat diajukan pada sidang Munaqosah untuk memenuhi sebagian syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sastra Inggris. Atas perhatian yang diberikan, saya ucapkan terimakasih. Wassalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb. Yogyakarta, 25 Juni 2020 Pembimbing, Ulyati Retno Sari, S.S. M.Hum. NIP. 19771115 200501 2 002 iv READING THE MEANING OF MOTHER IN YOUR MOTHER SONG LYRICS: A SEMIOTICS OF POETRY ANALYSIS By: Najib Nugroho Abstract Your Mother song teaches how to respect to mothers. This theme is important to discuss because respecting a mother must be done by any children. This song is interesting to be analyzed because this song directly quotes the hadith of the prophet Muhammad SAW.
    [Show full text]
  • The Moldavian Composer V. Rotaru and His Chamber- Instrumental Work
    İNÖNÜ ÜNİVERSİTESİ KÜLTÜR VE SANAT DERGİSİ İnönü University Journal of Culture and Art Cilt/Vol. 5 Sayı/No. 1 (2019): 41-51 THE MOLDAVIAN COMPOSER V. ROTARU AND HIS CHAMBER- INSTRUMENTAL WORK. Natalia Djalilova*1 *Academy of Music, Theatre and Fine Arts, Chishinau, Republic of Moldova Summary This article analyzes the piano Trio INO-3 V. Rotaru, its significance in the author's work, the basic style, the harmonic, rhythmic and inerprtative aspects. The connection with neo-folklore direction in music and traditional genres in Moldovan folk music is revealed, the synthesis of traditional folklore with modern composition techniques. This article assumes to define first of all value of the considered Trio INO-3 in the context of all area of chamber-instrumental music of V. Rotaru, as the last composition of the composer in this genre sphere. The article also focuses on the neo-folklore features of the composer's style and their harmonious combination with the classical traditions typical of the trio of Russian and Western European composers. As for the classical traditions, the Trio is a three-part cycle with a characteristic tempo dramaturgy: I. Moderato II. Lento e molto lamento III. Allegro moderato Since this Trio is the last in the cycle and was written shortly before the composer's death, the author's appeal to the genre of mourning Saraband in the middle part is of interest. As for the neo-folk style elements, they define the whole thematic, rhythmic and Lado - harmonic material of the composition. The article focuses on the Lado - harmonic features of all parts of the Trio, which are characteristic intonation formulas of Moldovan folklore: motives with II increased and decreased levels, motives with IV increased level, VI increased level, enriched with melismatics.
    [Show full text]
  • Yayını Görüntülemek Için Tıklayın
    Prof. Sir John Boardman Sir John Boardman’ın 90. Yaşı Onuruna In Honour of Sir John Boardman on the Occasion of his 90th Birthday TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi Turkish Academy of Sciences Journal of Archaeology Sayı: 20 Volume: 20 2017 TÜBA-AR TÜBA Arkeoloji (TÜBA-AR) Dergisi TÜBA-AR uluslararası hakemli bir TÜRKİYE BİLİMLER AKADEMİSİ ARKEOLOJİ DERGİSİ dergi olup TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM (SBVT) ve Avrupa İnsani Bilimler Referans TÜBA-AR, Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi (TÜBA) tarafından yıllık olarak yayın- İndeksi (ERIH PLUS) veritabanlarında lanan uluslararası hakemli bir dergidir. Derginin yayın politikası, kapsamı ve taranmaktadır. içeriği ile ilgili kararlar, Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Konseyi tarafından belir- lenen Yayın Kurulu tarafından alınır. TÜBA Journal of Archaeology (TÜBA-AR) TÜBA-AR is an international refereed DERGİNİN KAPSAMI VE YAYIN İLKELERİ journal and indexed in the TUBİTAK ULAKBİM (SBVT) and The European TÜBA-AR dergisi ilke olarak, dönem ve coğrafi bölge sınırlaması olmadan Reference Index for the Humanities arkeoloji ve arkeoloji ile bağlantılı tüm alanlarda yapılan yeni araştırma, yo- and the Social Sciences (ERIH PLUS) databases. rum, değerlendirme ve yöntemleri kapsamaktadır. Dergi arkeoloji alanında yeni yapılan çalışmalara yer vermenin yanı sıra, bir bilim akademisi yayın organı Sahibi / Owner: olarak, arkeoloji ile bağlantılı olmak koşuluyla, sosyal bilimlerin tüm uzmanlık Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi adına Prof. Dr. Ahmet Cevat ACAR alanlarına açıktır; bu alanlarda gelişen yeni yorum, yaklaşım, analizlere yer veren (Başkan / President) bir forum oluşturma işlevini de yüklenmiştir. Sorumlu Yazı İşleri Müdürü Dergi, arkeoloji ile ilgili yeni açılımları kapsamlı olarak ele almak için belirli Managing Editor bir konuya odaklanmış yazıları “dosya” şeklinde kapsamına alabilir; bu amaçla Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Music, Art and Spirituality in Central Asia Program
    Music, Art and Spirituality in Central Asia 29-30-31 October 2015 Island of San Giorgio Maggiore, Venice Program 29 October 9:00-10:00 registration and coffee 10:00-10:20 Institutional greetings 10:20 Chair Giovanni De Zorzi (DFBC, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice) Keynote. Jean During: Spiritual resonances in musical cultures of Central Asia: myths, dreams and ethics Session 1. Chair: Anna Contadini (SOAS, University of London) 11:30 From Bones to Beauty in Kyrgyz Felt Textiles Stephanie Bunn , University of St Andrews 12:10 The ‘tree of life’ motif in stucco mihrabs in the Zerafshan Valley Katherine Hughes , SOAS, University of London 12.50-14.30 lunch Session 2. Chair: Giovanni De Zorzi 14.30 Theory and Practice of Music under the Timurids Alexandre Papas , CNRS, Paris 15.10 Sufi Shrines and Maqām Traditions in Central Asia: the Uyghur On Ikki Muqam and the Kashmiri Sūfyāna Musīqī Rachel Harris , SOAS, University of London 15.50 A Musicological Study on Talqin as a Metric Cycle Shared by Spiritual and Secular-Classical Music Repertories in Central Asia Saeid Kordmafi , SOAS, University of London 16:30-16:50 coffee break Central Asian and Oriental Traces in Venice: a guided walk --- 30 October Session 3. Chair: Rachel Harris 9:30 Soviet Ballet and Opera: National Identity Building in Central Asia and the Caucasus Firuza Melville , University of Cambridge 10:10 Russianization and Colonial Knowledge of Traditional Musical Education in Turkestan (1865-1920). Inessa Kouteinikova , Amsterdam-St Petersburg-Tashkent 10:50-11:10 coffee break Session 4. Chair: Alexandre Papas 11:10 The legacy of the Central-Asian mystic Suleyman Baqirghani in the culture of the Volga Tatars: the phenomenon of the Baqirghan kitabı Guzel Sayfullina , Netherlands 11:50 Meetings with jâhrî dervishes in the Fergana Valley Giovanni De Zorzi , University Ca’ Foscari, Venice 12:30-14:00 lunch Session 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi
    IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi IBAD Journal of Social Sciences IBAD, 2020; (6): 378-389 DOI: 10.21733/ibad.673158 Özgün Araştırma / Original Article Klasik Müzikte Boyutsal Seslendirmeler Prof. Dr. Cihan Işıkhan1* ÖZ Seste boyutsallık algıda şekillenen bir bileşen, bir oluşumdur. Ses kaynağı nerede olursa olsun, iki kulağın aralarındaki yüz engelli mesafesi ve buna bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan işitmedeki zamansal gecikme algıda boyutsallığı yaratır ve boyutsal Geliş tarihi: 10.01.2020 algılama, insanda ses kaynağı konumunun tespitini sağlar. Seste boyutsal Kabul tarihi: 29.01.2020 algılamanın günümüz müzik endüstrisinde bilinen karşılığı genelde teknolojiktir. Kaydedilen müzik mono’dan surround’a kadar çeşitli teknolojik yöntemlerle Atıf bilgisi: işlemden geçirilerek tüketiciye sunulur. Ses kayıt tarihinde bu süreç mono ile 378 IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi başlayarak günümüzde atmos’a kadar ulaşmıştır. Oysa doğal bir oluşum olan sesteki Sayı: 6 Sayfa: 378-389 boyutsallığın bugün herkes tarafından yukarıdaki terimlerle aranan teknolojik Yıl: 2020 Dönem: Kış halleri, bundan yüzlerce yıl önce batı müziği bağdarlarının bir kısmı tarafından dinleyiciye zaten sunulmaktaydı. 16. yüzyılda Giovanni Gabrieli’nin koroyu ikiye bölerek “cori spezzati” tekniğiyle sunduğu yaratılarında stereo tekniği yatmaktadır. Barok dönemde Vivaldi “per eco in lontano (uzaktaki yankı)” adlı Konçertosuyla This article was checked by Turnitin. ilk surround seslendirme örneklerini sunmuştur. Klasik dönemde Haydn ve Mozart, Similarity Index 04% Romantik dönemde Berlioz ve
    [Show full text]
  • Further Reading, Listening, and Viewing
    The Music of Central Asia: Further Reading, Listening, and Viewing The editors welcome additions, updates, and corrections to this compilation of resources on Central Asian Music. Please submit bibliographic/discographic information, following the format for the relevant section below, to: [email protected]. Titles in languages other than English, French, and German should be translated into English. Titles in languages written in a non-Roman script should be transliterated using the American Library Association-Library of Congress Romanization Tables: Transliteration Schemes for Non-Roman Scripts, available at: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html Print Materials and Websites 1. Anthropology of Central Asia 2. Central Asian History 3. Music in Central Asia (General) 4. Musical Instruments 5. Music, Sound, and Spirituality 6. Oral Tradition and Epics of Central Asia 7. Contemporary Music: Pop, Tradition-Based, Avant-Garde, and Hybrid Styles 8. Musical Diaspora Communities 9. Women in Central Asian Music 10. Music of Nomadic and Historically Nomadic People (a) General (b) Karakalpak (c) Kazakh (d) Kyrgyz (e) Turkmen 11. Music in Sedentary Cultures of Central Asia (a) Afghanistan (b) Azerbaijan (c) Badakhshan (d) Bukhara (e) Tajik and Uzbek Maqom and Art Song (f) Uzbekistan (g) Tajikistan (h) Uyghur Muqam and Epic Traditions Audio and Video Recordings 1. General 2. Afghanistan 3. Azerbaijan 4. Badakhshan 5. Karakalpak 6. Kazakh 7. Kyrgyz 8. Tajik and Uzbek Maqom and Art Song 9. Tajikistan 10. Turkmenistan 11. Uyghur 12. Uzbekistan 13. Uzbek pop 1. Anthropology of Central Asia Eickelman, Dale F. The Middle East and Central Asia: An Anthropological Approach, 4th ed. Pearson, 2001.
    [Show full text]
  • THE UC DAVIS DEPARTMENT of MUSIC PRESENTS the UC Davis
    THE UC DAVIS DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC PRESENTS THE UC Davis Gamelan Ensemble Henry Spiller, director ‐‐‐ PROGRAM Jipang Lontang trad. Galatik Mangut A. Idi Jeruk Bali Djai Ladrak trad. Lutung Bingung A. Absar Kunang‐kunang ("Oray‐orayan") trad. ‐‐‐ 12:05 pm, Tuesday, 2 March 2010 Room 115, Music Building [INSERT STANDARD “QUIET” TEXT.] This performance is made possible in part by the generous support from the Joy S. Shinkoskey Series of Noon Concerts endowment. NOTES Introduction: Indonesia is a nation with 13,000 islands (of which a few thousand are populated), the fourth largest population in the world, and hundreds of ethnic groups and languages. Indonesia's second largest ethnic group is the Sundanese; approximately 30 million Sundanese speakers dominate the modern province of West Java. Sundanese people look back to the medieval West Javanese kingdom of Pajajaran (1333–1579) as a homeland and for the roots of Sundanese culture. Stories and cultural images have developed a romanticized vision of Pajajaran as a mystical, ethical utopia of great natural beauty and its rulers as models of wisdom and power; the memory of Pajajaran inspires modern Sundanese people to maintain a strong Sundanese identity. While the majority of the Sundanese population still lives in rural or semi‐rural settings, large cities and the cosmopolitan culture they nurture have become an increasingly important element of Sundanese lives. Gamelan Degung: The term gamelan refers to matched sets of instruments (primarily tuned bronze percussion instruments) that are unified by appearance, manufacture, tuning, and other characteristics. Each gamelan is unique. The gamelan ensemble known as degung (or gamelan degung) consists of hanging bronze gongs, gong chimes, metallophones, drums, and suling (bamboo flute) tuned to a pentatonic scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghan Music in Australia John Baily*
    BAILY, John (2010), “Afgan music in Australia”, in CÔRTE-REAL, Maria de São José (ed.), Migrações Journal - Special Issue Music and Migration, October 2010, no. 7, Lisbon: ACIDI, pp. 157-176 Afghan music in Australia John Baily* Abstract Based on research carried out in Melbourne and Sydney in 2009, this paper discusses Afghan migration to Australia, the emergen- ce of the multicultural society, the civic promotion of the Afghan Bazaar Precinct in Dandenong (Melbourne), the genres of Afghan music performed in Australia, with brief biographies of some of the musicians, and a survey of CDs produced in Australia. The pa- per concludes that the Afghan-Australian community (less than 25,000 overall) is too small to support a fully-fledged Afghan mu- sic profession. The result is a vigorous amateur music scene cate- ring for a community of music lovers. The work of three contem- porary Australian composers influenced by Afghan music is also discussed, to show how the culture of this immigrant community has enriched Australian culture. Keywords Afghanistan, Australia, multiculturalism, recordings, professiona- lism, keyboards. * Emeritus Professor of Ethnomusicology, Head of the Afghanistan Music Unit, Department of Music, Goldsmiths, University of London ([email protected]) Migrações _ #7 _ October 2010 157 Afghan music in Australia John Baily Introduction My research on the music of Afghanistan began in the 1970s, with two years of eth- nomusicological fieldwork, most of it in the provincial city of Herat, and to a lesser extent the capital, Kabul. My research in Herat was wide-ranging, looking into the performance of various genres: urban and rural; folk, popular and art; vocal and ins- trumental; traditional and modern; professional and amateur; female and male; and also at various forms of religious singing that did not fall clearly into the category of music, such as Sufi zikr, Shiah lamentations and Quranic recitation.
    [Show full text]
  • Fifty-Seventh National Conference October 30–November 1, 2014 Ritz Carlton St
    Fifty-Seventh National Conference October 30–November 1, 2014 Ritz Carlton St. Louis St. Louis, Missouri PRESENTER & COMPOSER BIOS updated October 25, 2014 Abeles, Harold F. Dr. Harold Abeles is a Professor of Music and Music Education at Teachers College, Columbia University, where he also serves as Co-Director of the Center for Arts Education Research. He has contributed numerous articles, chapters and books to the field of music education. He is the co-author of the Foundations of Music Education and the co-editor, with Professor Lori Custodero, of Critical Issues in Music Education: Contemporary Theory and Practice. Recent chapters by him have appeared in the Handbook of Music Psychology and the New Handbook of Research on Music Teaching and Learning. He was the founding editor of The Music Researchers Exchange, an international music research newsletter begun in 1974. He served as a member of the Executive Committee of the Society for Research in Music Education and has served on the editorial boards of several journals including the Journal of Research in Music Education, Psychomusicology, Dialogue in Instrumental Music Education, Update, and Arts Education Policy Review. His research has focused on a variety of topics including, the evaluation of community-based arts organizations, the assessment of instrumental instruction, the sex- stereotyping of music instruments, the evaluation of applied music instructors, the evaluation of ensemble directors, technology-based music instruction, and verbal communication in studio instruction. Adler, Ayden With a background as a performer, writer, teacher, and administrator, Ayden Adler serves as Senior Vice President and Dean at the New World Symphony, America’s Orchestral Academy.
    [Show full text]
  • Tncis Syllabus Outline
    EAST MEETS WEST: MUSIC OF TURKEY MUSC 4520/MUSC 5525 Course Title: East Meets West: Music of Turkey Course Number: MUSC 4520/5525 Credit Hours: 3 Catalog Course Description: MUSC 4520/5525 Special Topics (3). Independent/directed study course intended to serve students interested in investigations of musical issues and questions outside of those regularly addressed in programmed courses. Individual research on subjects agreed upon by student and professor. How Program Site will be incorporated into the course: Turkey is the place where East meets West in music. Eastern musical scales (makamlar in Turkish) have different numbers of notes and interval distances between notes, when compared with Western (European/Roman-based) musical scales. Only in Turkey is Western musical notation used to express Eastern sounds in music--though the Western notation is adapted by using four symbols for "sharp", four symbols for "flat", and a very different method for expressing time signatures. The study abroad program’s visit to Anatolia, the region that we know as Turkey, will allow American students with "Western eyes and ears" to experience live, authentic Eastern music as they explore the human experience that includes making music and learning about the people and cultures that support this music. The program begins in Istanbul, the Silk Road city with literal bridges connecting Europe and Asia, where the Western world’s culture and music meets the Eastern world. In Istanbul, students’ experiences will include visits to sites that made up part of ancient Constantinople, Byzantium, and the cultural changes that affected the city’s evolving society. Evidence of this culture will be explored through visits to such places as the Hagia Sophia, City Wall, Blue Mosque, and Topkapi Palace, along with experiences in a variety of live East-West mashup forms of music, blending Western Classical and Pop forms with Anatonlia styles into a broader World Music style.
    [Show full text]
  • Azerbaijan Investment Guide 2015
    PERSPECTIVE SPORTS CULTURE & TOURISM ICT ENERGY FINANCE CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Contents 4 24 92 HE Ilham Aliyev Sports Energy HE Ilham Aliyev, President Find out how Azerbaijan is The Caspian powerhouse is of Azerbaijan talks about the entering the world of global entering stage two of its oil future for Azerbaijan’s econ- sporting events to improve and gas development plans, omy, its sporting develop- its international image, and with eyes firmly on the ment and cultural tolerance. boost tourism. European market. 8 50 120 Perspective Culture & Finance Tourism What is modern Azerbaijan? Diversifying the sector MICE tourism, economic Discover Azerbaijan’s is key for the country’s diversification, international hospitality, art, music, and development, see how relations and building for tolerance for other cultures PASHA Holdings are at the future. both in the capital Baku the forefront of this move. and beyond. 128 76 Construction ICT Building the monuments Rapid development of the that will come to define sector will see Azerbaijan Azerbaijan’s past, present and future in all its glory. ASSOCIATE PUBLISHERS: become one of the regional Nicole HOWARTH, leaders in this vital area of JOHN Maratheftis the economy. EDITOR: 138 BENJAMIN HEWISON Guide ART DIRECTOR: JESSICA DORIA All you need to know about Baku and beyond in one PROJECT DIRECTOR: PHIL SMITH place. Venture forth and explore the ‘Land of Fire’. PROJECT COORDINATOR: ANNA KOERNER CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: MARK Elliott, CARMEN Valache, NIGAR Orujova COVER IMAGE: © RAMIL ALIYEV / shutterstock.com 2nd floor, Berkeley Square House London W1J 6BD, United Kingdom In partnership with T: +44207 887 6105 E: [email protected] LEADING EDGE AZERBAIJAN 2015 5 Interview between Leading Edge and His Excellency Ilham Aliyev, President of the Republic of Azerbaijan LE: Your Excellency, in October 2013 you received strong reserves that amount to over US $53 billion, which is a very support from the people of Azerbaijan and were re-elect- favourable figure when compared to the rest of the world.
    [Show full text]