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Indigenous Australians Overcoming Vulnerability to Employability by Creating a Viable Labour Market for Local Challenges

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Indigenous Australians Overcoming Vulnerability to Employability by Creating a Viable Labour Market for Local Challenges Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: H InterdisciplinaryInterdisciplinary Volume 14 Issue 2 VersionVersion1.0 Year2014 Type: Doublublee Blind PePeerer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher:Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-460460xx & Print ISSN: 0975-587X Indigenous Australianslians OvercomingOvercoming Vulnerability to EmployabiliEmployability by Creating a Viable Labour Market for Local Challenges By Dr. Cecil A. L. Pearson, Mrs. Sandra Daff & Mr. Klaus Helms Curtin Universityersity, Australia Abstract- Australian IndigenoIndigenousus people experience severe labour market disadvantage due to constraintsconstraints embedded in technology, inclination to work, formal education, lack of job experienexperiencece as well as geographic factors.factors. IndigenousIndigenous precarious employment grows in prominenceprominence when thertheree is an absence of jobs and particularly in remote regions of Australia where inteintergenerationalrgenerational unemployment is the norm. In the remote Gove Peninsula of the Northern Territoryitory of Australia many English illiterate and innumerate people, without previous emploemployment,yment, have overcome vulnerability to employment by engaging with an educationaleducational vocational scheme in a networking arrangement with government agencies and the residentresident mining corporation Rio Tinto. This paper voices the Indigenous work relevant accomplishmentsaccomplishments during the two and one half years after installment of the programme, that is grounded inin the iinterestsnterests and sensitivity to culturculturalal continuities of the local Yolngu people. Keywords: job vulnerability,lity, indigenous employment, educationeducationalal vocational training, unemployment. GJHSS-H Classification: FOR CCode:ode: 939908, 750101 IndigenousAustraliansOvercomingVulnerabilitytoEmploEmployabilitybyCreatingaViableLabourMarketforLocalChallenges Stric tly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2014. Dr. Cecil A. L. Pearson, Mrs. Sandra Daff & Mr. Klaus Helms. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction inany medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Indigenous Australians Overcoming Vulnerability to Employability by Creating a Viable Labour Market for Local Challenges Dr. Cecil A. L. Pearson α, Mrs. Sandra Daff σ & Mr. Klaus Helms ρ Abstract- Australian Indigenous people experience severe negatively contribute to Indigenous people finding labour market disadvantage due to constraints embedded in employment or adversely affect job retention. technology, inclination to work, formal education, lack of job In particular, the role of education has been 2014 experience as well as geographic factors. Indigenous emphasised as having a causal effect on labour market precarious employment grows in prominence when there is an outcomes. Pocock and colleagues (2011) reported a Year absence of jobs and particularly in remote regions of Australia where intergenerational unemployment is the norm. In the connection between employment, and literacy and 1 remote Gove Peninsula of the Northern Territory of Australia numeracy to the extent lower literate workers are twice many English illiterate and innumerate people, without as likely to be employed in lesser paid jobs. In Australia previous employment, have overcome vulnerability to Indigenous people are a minority group, who have for a employment by engaging with an educational vocational long time been overly vulnerable to employment (Gray scheme in a networking arrangement with government and Hunter, 2011; Taylor and Hunter, 1997) because of agencies and the resident mining corporation Rio Tinto. This their consistent disengagement from the national paper voices the Indigenous work relevant accomplishments education system (Gray and Hunter, 2002; Giddy, Lopez during the two and one half years after installment of the and Redman, 2009). The precariousness of programme, that is grounded in the interests and sensitivity to cultural continuities of the local Yolngu people. employability for Indigenous people manifests when Keywords: job vulnerability, indigenous employment, they live in rural or remote regions where there are educational vocational training, unemployment. insufficient jobs (Gray, Hunter and Lohoar, 2012). Often acknowledged are consequences for I. Introduction incompatible balancing of Australian Indigenous aspirations with employment conditions of a wage ) lineage of studies has detailed knowledge of H economy. In regional communities Indigenous people ( reasons for Australian Indigenous low labour force Volume XIV Issue II Version I are likely to be engaged in a fundamentally different participation. The Henderson Commission of A lifestyle (Hunter & Gray, 2012; Jordan and Mavec, 2010) Inquiry (1975), and subsequent investigations (Altman, to urban Aboriginal people. Frequently, in remote 2009; Biddle, 2010; Borland & Hunter, 2000; Hunter, regions of the nation living patterns are strongly 2009; Stephens, 2010) have revealed there is an array of attached to kinship obligations and familial networks barriers faced by Indigenous Australians in their pursuit within settings of collective benefits (Foley, 2006; - of employment. Embraced in this literature and other Trudgen, 2000). Often the inhabitants are wedded to writings (Altman, 2006; Gilbert, 2002; Hunter and Gray, welfare, they practice hunter gatherer pursuits and 2012; Johns, 2011; Tiplady and Barclay, 2007) are engage in traditional ceremonial obligations (Altman, contentions the probability of Australian Indigenous 2002; 2003; Madison, 2008; Muir, 2011; Pearson, 2006; people obtaining employment can be influenced by Pearson and Daff, 2013a). These environments, that are numerous social political, technical and structural considerably different to industrial work surroundings, factors including decision to participate in paid work, are inclined to have high Indigenous unemployment dealing with prejudice, lack of training and technology (Hunter, 2009; Stephens, 2010). When alternative inability skill sets, an absence of jobs, proximity to the traditional lifestyles are available few Indigenous labour market and reluctance to travel, or strong cultural Australians are challenged to commit to regular Global Journal of Human Social Science attachments interfering with traditional labour market employment careers antithetical to Aboriginal interests. requirements. Collectively, these and other issues Faced with poor employment prospects the Author α: Senior Research Fellow, School of Management Curtin Yolngu Indigenous community on the remote Gove University GPO Box U1987 Perth, Western Australia. Peninsula of the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia e-mail: [email protected] created their own sustainable jobs. The Yolngu Elders Author σ: Specialist Indigenous Relations, Pacific Aluminium PO Box engaged in a tripartite partnership with the resident 21Nhulunbuy, Northern Territory. e-mail: [email protected] global miner Rio Tinto and the Australian government to Author ρ: General Manager Gumatj Corporation Nhulunbuy, Northern install a vocational educational training (VET) scheme to Territory. e-mail: [email protected] train local Indigenous people, who were generally ©2014 Global Journals Inc. (US) Indigenous Australians Overcoming Vulnerability to Employability by Creating a Viable Labour Market for Local Challenges illiterate and innumerate. The notiontion exploiexploiteted by the trained Indigendigenousous men and women, who were able to Indigenous EldeEldersrs was the trained graduates could build local infrastructurecture creating a rarangenge of work sites become eemployedmployed in a variety of ‘green’ type jobs, and and a varievarietyty of marketable needed consumer goods. non industindustrialrial work placements. The jobs were identified This pappaperer describes the accomplishments and the and appappropriateropriate learning and skilling was undertaken at anticipanticipatedated future destiny of the regional Indigenous the mining companyny training facilitfacilitiesies and the people as they build their lives and rebuild their Nhulunbuy TechnTechnicalical and Further Education (TAFE) communities. Thehe locationlocation of this remoteremote region and the centrecentre.. Yolngu Elders created a diversified ‘green’ sites nominnominatedated in the following pages is shown as industryindustry ttherebyhereby providing sustainable jobs for the Figure 1. 2014 Year 2 ) H ( Volume XIV Issue II Version I Figure 1: The Gove PeninsuPeninsulala and Indigenous Outland Centres a) Indigenous issues and new directions family violence and burgeoningrgeoning incarceration rates Relativetive to the widewiderr population Australian (Katijin, 2011;2011; McMcGuiGuirk,rk, 2011;2011; Rowley et al., 2000;). Aboriginalsriginals hahaveve for many decades experienced poor Indigenous Austrraliansalians areare at a higher risk than the non mainstreaminstream emplemploymentoyment prospects. Despite Australian Indigenous communimmunity,ty, and in remote Aboriginal - government wewelfarelfare ttoo work reforms as well as social regions the levels are burdensome. environmentalonmental and finfinancialancial incentives such as the NumeNumerousrous babarriersrriers toto Australian Indigenous Communitynity Developmentvelopment
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