Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 169
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Antarctic Peninsula
Hucke-Gaete, R, Torres, D. & Vallejos, V. 1997c. Entanglement of Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, by marine debris at Cape Shirreff and San Telmo Islets, Livingston Island, Antarctica: 1998-1997. Serie Científica Instituto Antártico Chileno 47: 123-135. Hucke-Gaete, R., Osman, L.P., Moreno, C.A. & Torres, D. 2004. Examining natural population growth from near extinction: the case of the Antarctic fur seal at the South Shetlands, Antarctica. Polar Biology 27 (5): 304–311 Huckstadt, L., Costa, D. P., McDonald, B. I., Tremblay, Y., Crocker, D. E., Goebel, M. E. & Fedak, M. E. 2006. Habitat Selection and Foraging Behavior of Southern Elephant Seals in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract #OS33A-1684. INACH (Instituto Antártico Chileno) 2010. Chilean Antarctic Program of Scientific Research 2009-2010. Chilean Antarctic Institute Research Projects Department. Santiago, Chile. Kawaguchi, S., Nicol, S., Taki, K. & Naganobu, M. 2006. Fishing ground selection in the Antarctic krill fishery: Trends in patterns across years, seasons and nations. CCAMLR Science, 13: 117–141. Krause, D. J., Goebel, M. E., Marshall, G. J., & Abernathy, K. (2015). Novel foraging strategies observed in a growing leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) population at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Animal Biotelemetry, 3:24. Krause, D.J., Goebel, M.E., Marshall. G.J. & Abernathy, K. In Press. Summer diving and haul-out behavior of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) near mesopredator breeding colonies at Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Marine Mammal Science.Leppe, M., Fernandoy, F., Palma-Heldt, S. & Moisan, P 2004. Flora mesozoica en los depósitos morrénicos de cabo Shirreff, isla Livingston, Shetland del Sur, Península Antártica, in Actas del 10º Congreso Geológico Chileno. -
Amanda Bay, Ingrid Christensen Coast, Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica
MEASURE 3 - ANNEX Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No 169 AMANDA BAY, INGRID CHRISTENSEN COAST, PRINCESS ELIZABETH LAND, EAST ANTARCTICA Introduction Amanda Bay is located on the Ingrid Christensen Coast of Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica at 69°15' S, 76°49’59.9" E. (Map A). The Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) is designated to protect the breeding colony of several thousand pairs of emperor penguins annually resident in the south-west corner of Amanda Bay, while providing for continued collection of valuable long- term research and monitoring data and comparative studies with colonies elsewhere in East Antarctica. Only two other emperor penguin colonies along the extensive East Antarctic coastline are protected within ASPAs (ASPA 120, Point Géologie Archipelago and ASPA 167 Haswell Island). Amanda Bay is more easily accessed, from vessels or by vehicle from research stations in the Larsemann Hills and Vestfold Hills, than many other emperor penguin colonies in East Antarctica. This accessibility is advantageous for research purposes, but also creates the potential for human disturbance of the birds. The Antarctic coastline in the vicinity of Amanda Bay was first sighted and named the Ingrid Christensen Coast by Captain Mikkelsen in command of the Norwegian ship Thorshavn on 20 February 1935. Oblique aerial photographs of the coastline were taken by the Lars Christensen expedition in 1937 and by the US Operation Highjump in 1947 for reconnaissance purposes. In the 1954/55 summer, the Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ANARE) on the Kista Dan explored the waters of Prydz Bay, and the first recorded landing in the area was made by a sledging party led by Dr. -
Species Status Assessment Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes Fosteri)
SPECIES STATUS ASSESSMENT EMPEROR PENGUIN (APTENODYTES FOSTERI) Emperor penguin chicks being socialized by male parents at Auster Rookery, 2008. Photo Credit: Gary Miller, Australian Antarctic Program. Version 1.0 December 2020 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Program Branch of Delisting and Foreign Species Falls Church, Virginia Acknowledgements: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Penguins are flightless birds that are highly adapted for the marine environment. The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species. Emperors are near the top of the Southern Ocean’s food chain and primarily consume Antarctic silverfish, Antarctic krill, and squid. They are excellent swimmers and can dive to great depths. The average life span of emperor penguin in the wild is 15 to 20 years. Emperor penguins currently breed at 61 colonies located around Antarctica, with the largest colonies in the Ross Sea and Weddell Sea. The total population size is estimated at approximately 270,000–280,000 breeding pairs or 625,000–650,000 total birds. Emperor penguin depends upon stable fast ice throughout their 8–9 month breeding season to complete the rearing of its single chick. They are the only warm-blooded Antarctic species that breeds during the austral winter and therefore uniquely adapted to its environment. Breeding colonies mainly occur on fast ice, close to the coast or closely offshore, and amongst closely packed grounded icebergs that prevent ice breaking out during the breeding season and provide shelter from the wind. Sea ice extent in the Southern Ocean has undergone considerable inter-annual variability over the last 40 years, although with much greater inter-annual variability in the five sectors than for the Southern Ocean as a whole. -
Introducing the Emperor of Antarctica
Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Introducing the Emperor of Antarctica A plump five-foot figure, wearing what looks like a tuxedo, walks across a frozen landscape. Suddenly, the figure drops to its belly and paddles its limbs as if swimming. Sound strange? Actually, it is the emperor of Antarctica…the emperor penguin, that is. One could easily argue that the emperor penguin is the king of survival. These amazing creatures live in the harshest climate on earth. Temperatures in Antarctica regularly reach –60°C and blizzards can last for days. But in this frigid world, the emperors swim, play, breed, and raise their chicks. Although emperor penguins are birds, they are unable to take flight. Rather, they do their “flying” in the water. Their flipper-like wings and sleek bodies make them expert swimmers. Emperors are able to dive deeper than any other bird and can stay under water for up to 22 minutes. The emperors are so at home in the water that young penguins enter the water when they are just six months old. Like many birds, the emperor penguins migrate during the winter. This migration, however, is very different. Each year, as winter approaches, the penguins leave the comfort—and food supply—of the ocean to begin a 70-mile journey across the ice. Walking single file, the penguins waddle along for days, flopping to their bellies and pushing themselves along with their flippers when their feet get tired. Along the way, colonies of penguins meet up with other colonies all headed for the same place—the safety of their breeding grounds. -
Haswell Island (Haswell Island and Adjacent Emperor Penguin Rookery on Fast Ice)
Measure 5 (2016) Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 127 Haswell Island (Haswell Island and Adjacent Emperor Penguin Rookery on Fast Ice) 1. Description of values to be protected The area includes Haswell Island with its littoral zone and adjacent fast ice when present. Haswell Island was discovered in 1912 by the Australian Antarctic Expedition led by D. Mawson. It was named after William Haswell, professor of biology who rendered assistance to the expedition. Haswell is the biggest island of the same-name archipelago, with a height of 93 meters and 0,82 sq.meters in area. The island is at 2,5 km distance from the Russian Mirny Station operational from 1956. At East and South-East of the island, there is a large colony of Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) on fast ice. The Haswell Island is a unique breeding site for almost all breeding bird species in East Antarctica including the: Antarctic petrel (Talassoica antarctica), Antarctic fulmar (Fulmarus glacioloides), Cape petrel (Daption capense), Snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea), Wilson’s storm petrel (Oceanites oceanicus), South polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki), Lonnberg skua Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi and Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae). The Area supports five species of pinnipeds, including the Ross seal (Ommatophoca rossii) which falls in the protected species category. ATCM VIII (Oslo, 1975) approved its designation as SSSI 7 on the aforementioned grounds after a proposal by the USSR. Map 1 shows the location of the Haswell Islands (except Vkhodnoy Island), Mirny Station, and logistic activity sites. It was renamed and renumbered as ASPA No. 127 by Decision 1 (2002). -
Macaroni Penguin
Macaroni Penguin Website : https://www.cuteness.com/article/macaroni-penguin-kids Live Camera: https://tnaqua.org/animal/macaroni-penguin/ Macaroni penguins are the most abundant of the different penguin species in the world. They are easily identified by the yellow hairs on the top of their heads. But be careful! This penguin looks a lot like the Royal penguin. The big difference is that the Macaroni penguin has a black face, and the Royal penguin has a white face. Now visit the website. Look at the first paragraph that begins with “Macaroni penguins inhabit a number of islands…”: 1) Where do Macaroni penguins live? a. In my house b. Near Antarctica c. North Pole d. Along the equator 2) What are two threats to Macaroni penguins that come from human beings? (More than one) . a. Leopard seals b. Commercial fishing c. Oil pollution d. Sea lions Go to this section : 3) What other penguin can be confused with the Macaroni penguin? a. Royal penguin b. Emperor penguin c. Antarctic penguin d. Rockhopper penguin 4) About how does this penguin weigh? a. Five pounds b. Seven pounds c. Nine pounds d. Eleven pounds Go to this section : 5) How did this penguin get its name? a. No one knows b. It was named after a hat c. It was named after the food d. It was named after the explorer who found them 6) True or false. The song “Yankee Doodle” was partly about the Macaroni penguin. a. True b. False c. What’s a Doodle? 1 Go to this section : 7) Where do Macaroni penguins lay their eggs? a. -
The Antarctic Treaty
The Antarctic Treaty Measures adopted at the Thirty-ninth Consultative Meeting held at Santiago, Chile 23 May – 1 June 2016 Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs by Command of Her Majesty November 2017 Cm 9542 © Crown copyright 2017 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/government/publications Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at Treaty Section, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, King Charles Street, London, SW1A 2AH ISBN 978-1-5286-0126-9 CCS1117441642 11/17 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK by the APS Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majestyʼs Stationery Office MEASURES ADOPTED AT THE THIRTY-NINTH ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE MEETING Santiago, Chile 23 May – 1 June 2016 The Measures1 adopted at the Thirty-ninth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting are reproduced below from the Final Report of the Meeting. In accordance with Article IX, paragraph 4, of the Antarctic Treaty, the Measures adopted at Consultative Meetings become effective upon approval by all Contracting Parties whose representatives were entitled to participate in the meeting at which they were adopted (i.e. all the Consultative Parties). The full text of the Final Report of the Meeting, including the Decisions and Resolutions adopted at that Meeting and colour copies of the maps found in this command paper, is available on the website of the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat at www.ats.aq/documents. -
Federal Register/Vol. 84, No. 78/Tuesday, April 23, 2019/Rules
Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 78 / Tuesday, April 23, 2019 / Rules and Regulations 16791 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., nor does it require Agricultural commodities, Pesticides SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The any special considerations under and pests, Reporting and recordkeeping Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, as Executive Order 12898, entitled requirements. amended (‘‘ACA’’) (16 U.S.C. 2401, et ‘‘Federal Actions to Address Dated: April 12, 2019. seq.) implements the Protocol on Environmental Justice in Minority Environmental Protection to the Richard P. Keigwin, Jr., Populations and Low-Income Antarctic Treaty (‘‘the Protocol’’). Populations’’ (59 FR 7629, February 16, Director, Office of Pesticide Programs. Annex V contains provisions for the 1994). Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is protection of specially designated areas Since tolerances and exemptions that amended as follows: specially managed areas and historic are established on the basis of a petition sites and monuments. Section 2405 of under FFDCA section 408(d), such as PART 180—[AMENDED] title 16 of the ACA directs the Director the tolerance exemption in this action, of the National Science Foundation to ■ do not require the issuance of a 1. The authority citation for part 180 issue such regulations as are necessary proposed rule, the requirements of the continues to read as follows: and appropriate to implement Annex V Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371. to the Protocol. et seq.) do not apply. ■ 2. Add § 180.1365 to subpart D to read The Antarctic Treaty Parties, which This action directly regulates growers, as follows: includes the United States, periodically food processors, food handlers, and food adopt measures to establish, consolidate retailers, not States or tribes. -
Climate Change Threatens Penguins
SEPTEMBER 2009 Climate Change Threatens Penguins By: Shaye Wolf Penguins are not just found in •11 of 18 penguin species are Antarctica declining and considered an Penguins—waddling wonders of extinction risk the Southern Hemisphere Although penguins are commonly associated with Antarctica, penguins •Two species are considered Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, are found in a variety of habitats stable. family Spheniscidae) are flightless in the Southern Hemisphere. seabirds found almost entirely in Eighteen different penguin species •The population status of the the Southern Hemisphere. Although inhabit areas from Antarctica to the remaining five is unknown. their wings have become useless for Equator. They can be divided into Studies have linked climate change flight, they have become superbly three groups: to past, ongoing, and projected adapted to swimming and diving. population declines of many For example, Gentoo penguins •Four penguin species breed in Antarctica and/or the Antarctic penguin species. Because penguins can swim up to 35 km per hour— live in different ocean habitats of compared with 9 km per hour for islands: the Emperor, Adélie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo penguin. the Southern Hemisphere, climate the fastest Olympic swimmer. change affects penguins in these Emperor penguins can dive to •Most penguin species breed on regions in different ways. depths of more than 520 m to find islands in the sub-Antarctic waters food—deeper than any other bird. of the Southern Ocean (a.k.a. How is climate change affecting Penguins must return to land or sea Antarctic Ocean), the South Atlantic Antarctic penguins? ice to rear their young, however, Ocean, the South Pacific Ocean, and they are renowned for their The Antarctic continent is warming and the Southern Indian Ocean: as a whole,1 but the Antarctic feats of endurance as parents. -
The Antarctic Treaty
Miscellaneous No. 7 (2007) The Antarctic Treaty Measures adopted at the Twenty-ninth Consultative Meeting held at Edinburgh 12 – 23 June 2006 Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs by Command of Her Majesty July 2007 Cm 7167 £17.00 Miscellaneous No. 7 (2007) The Antarctic Treaty Measures adopted at the Twenty-ninth Consultative Meeting held at Edinburgh 12 – 23 June 2006 Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs by Command of Her Majesty July 2007 Cm 7167 £17.00 © Crown copyright 2007 The text in this document (excluding the Royal Arms and departmental logos) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium providing it is reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and the title of the document specified. Any enquiries relating to the copyright in this document should be addressed to the Licensing Division, HMSO, St Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ. Fax 01603 723000 or e-mail: [email protected] MEASURES ADOPTED AT THE TWENTY-NINTH CONSULTATIVE MEETING HELD AT EDINBURGH 12 - 23 JUNE 2006 The Measures1 adopted at the Twenty-ninth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting are reproduced below from the Final Report of the Meeting. In accordance with Article IX, paragraph 4, of the Antarctic Treaty, the Measures adopted at Consultative Meetings become effective upon approval by all Contracting Parties whose representatives were entitled to participate in the meeting at which they were adopted (i.e. -
1- 7555-01 NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Notice of Permit Applications Received Under the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 09/28/2015 and available online at http://federalregister.gov/a/2015-24522, and on FDsys.gov 7555-01 NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Notice of Permit Applications Received Under the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978 AGENCY: National Science Foundation ACTION: Notice of Permit Applications Received under the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, P.L. 95-541. SUMMARY: The National Science Foundation (NSF) is required to publish a notice of permit applications received to conduct activities regulated under the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978. NSF has published regulations under the Antarctic Conservation Act at Title 45 Part 670 of the Code of Federal Regulations. This is the required notice of permit applications received. DATES: Interested parties are invited to submit written data, comments, or views with respect to this permit application by [INSERT 30 DAYS FROM DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. This application may be inspected by interested parties at the Permit Office, address below. ADDRESSES: Comments should be addressed to Permit Office, Room 755, Division of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22230. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Li Ling Hamady, ACA Permit Officer, at the above address or [email protected] or (703) 292-7149. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The National Science Foundation, as directed by the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-541), as amended by the Antarctic Science, Tourism and Conservation Act of 1996, has developed regulations for the establishment of a permit system for various activities in Antarctica and designation of certain animals and certain geographic areas a requiring special protection. -
Sea Ice Extent May Have Forced Emperor Penguins Into Refugia During the Last Glacial Maximum
Global Change Biology (2015), doi: 10.1111/gcb.12882 Too much of a good thing: sea ice extent may have forced emperor penguins into refugia during the last glacial maximum JANE L. YOUNGER1,2*, GEMMA V. CLUCAS3,4*, GERALD KOOYMAN5 , † BARBARA WIENECKE6 , ALEX D. ROGERS4 ,PHILIPN.TRATHAN7 ,TOMHART4 and † KAREN J. MILLER8,9 1Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart 7001 Tas., Australia, 2Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, 2 Technology Place, Sydney 2109 NSW, Australia, 3Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK, 4Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK, 5Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego CA, USA, 6Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston 7050 Tas., Australia, 7British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK, 8Australian Institute of Marine Science, The UWA Oceans Institute, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia, 9School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 5, Hobart 7001 Tas., Australia Abstract The relationship between population structure and demographic history is critical to understanding microevolution and for predicting the resilience of species to environmental change. Using mitochondrial DNA from extant colonies and radiocarbon-dated subfossils, we present the first microevolutionary analysis of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) and show their population trends throughout the last glacial maximum (LGM, 19.5–16 kya) and during the subsequent period of warming and sea ice retreat. We found evidence for three mitochondrial clades within emperor penguins, suggesting that they were isolated within three glacial refugia during the LGM.