DOCSLIB.ORG

Miszellen Zur Gartengeschichte Und Gartendenkmalpflege Klaus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

AHA! Miszellen zur Gartengeschichte und Gartendenkmalpflege ERWARTUNGEN AN DEN ERDBEERZÜCHTER IM WANDEL DER ZEIT Klaus Olbricht Europas ursprüngliche Erdbeeren reichhaltigsten Muster und die höchsten Aromasummen mit instrumenteller Analy- ange bevor die Kulturerdbeere, Fra- tik nachgewiesen.1 Die Früchte dieser Art Lgaria × ananassa Duch., vor rund weisen ein intensives und einzigartiges 260 Jahren als europäisches Kind Aroma auf, das durch fruchtige, blumige amerikanischer Eltern (F. chiloensis (L.) und laktonartige (wie Pfi rsich, Kokos u. ä.) Miller × F. virginiana Miller) zunächst auf- Noten gekennzeichnet ist. Untersuchungen grund spontaner Hybridisierung entstand, zur Diversität der Fruchtqualität erbrachten wurden in Europa vor allem Walderdbeeren bei F. vesca ein sehr breites Spektrum, jede (Fragaria vesca L.), Moschuserdbeeren (Fra- der Akzessionen (geographische Herkünft e) garia moschata Weston) und Hügelerd- besitzt ein typisches Muster.2 Gleiches gilt beeren (Fragaria viridis Weston) als Obst für die Zucker- und Säuregehalte. Die stoff - gesammelt, selektiert und in Kultur genom- liche Zusammensetzung der Aromamuster men. Diese Erdbeeren haben ihr Verbrei- der F. viridis ist hingegen wesentlich weni- tungsgebiet im eurasischen Raum, vom ger reichhaltig und die Aromasummen sind Baikalsee bis an die europäischen Außen- geringer. Dennoch sind ihre Früchte sehr grenzen, wobei die Walderdbeere F. vesca angenehm frisch-fruchtig im Aroma und mit drei Unterarten auch in Nordamerika wurden in einigen Regionen unter der Be- vorkommt. Sie besiedeln vorzugsweise zeichnung Hügelerdbeere oder Pressling ge- Waldränder; F. viridis ist kalkanzeigend und sammelt, in den Niederlanden wohl auch auch auf Wiesen in Höhen lagen anzutreff en. unter der Bezeichnung »Judenerdbeere«3 Leider sind Anbau und auch Züchtung auf kultiviert. F. viridis liefert die einzigen wirk- der Wildartebene in Europa nahezu ver- lich festen Früchte der gesamten Gattung. loren gegangen. Kultivare von F. vesca Aus diesem Grund ist diese Art neuerdings (bekannt oftmals unter der Bezeichnung von besonderem züchterischem Interesse. Monats erdbeeren als forma semperfl orens) Moschuserdbeeren werden heute noch und von F. moschata existieren immer noch im Piemont nahe Mailand angebaut. Dort in Hausgärten, werden als Gourmetfrüchte wurde die alte Tradition des Anbaus der sogar über den Großhandel vertrieben oder ›Profumata di Tortona‹ auf Initiative der in bestimmten Regionen erwerbsobstbau- Slow Food Bewegung mit Hilfe eines von lich kultiviert. Die Aromamuster von F. der Kommune geförderten Konsortiums vesca und F. moschata sind im Vergleich zu wiederbelebt. Heute bauen neun Betriebe unseren Kultursorten, aber auch im Ver- die Früchte auf insgesamt etwa 1800 ha an, gleich zu den anderen Wildarten (ca. 22 mit einer jährlichen Gesamternte von etwa Arten und vier Hybridarten sind weltweit 36 Tonnen. Hauptsächlich werden lokale bekannt) quantitativ und qualitativ sehr Märkte, Restaurants etc. beliefert, auch in stark ausgeprägt. Entsprechend außerge- den benachbarten Gebieten von Genua und wöhnlich sind auch ihre sensorischen Mailand.4 Verwendung fi nden die Früchte Eigenschaft en. Bei F. moschata wurden die als Frischware, für Gebäck, Eis, Marmelade, 56 Erwartungen an den Erdbeerzüchter im Wandel der Zeit Likör und vieles mehr. Auch für das Dresd- erdbeeren (F. moschata) und Selektionen aus ner-Radebeuler Elbtal sind Erdbeeren als dem Formenkreis der amerikanischen Chile- Nebenkultur zum Wein verbürgt.5 Sehr (F. chiloensis) und Scharlacherdbeere (F. vir- wahrscheinlich ist davon auszugehen, dass es giniana) handelte. Die Erdbeeren wurden in sich um Walderdbeeren (F. vesca), Moschus- Spanschachteln verpackt, diese in großen 1 | Fragaria × vesca ›Fontaine‹: Eine Wilderdbeersorte für Tisch, Balkon und als Bodendecker, Fotografi e: Klaus Olbricht, 2013. 57 AHA! Miszellen zur Gartengeschichte und Gartendenkmalpflege Weidenkörben verstaut. 1901 konnte man in Auch Chemnitz und Berlin wurden beliefert. der »Gartenfl ora: Zeitschrift für Garten und Der erste deutsche Erdbeerzüchter Franz Blumenkunde« lesen: Göschke aus Köthen entwickelte Sorten von F. moschata und beschreibt in seinem »Buch »[…]neuerdings sind die grossartigen An- der Erdbeeren«7 auch entsprechend Sorten pflanzungen auf den durch Reblaus ver- von F. vesca. Heute wird versucht, an diese wüsteten Weinbergen in der Lößnitz bei Tradition anzuknüpfen. Ein Beispiel ist die Dresden hinzugekommen, etwa 4-500 ha. Neuzüchtung Fragaria × vesca ›Fontaine‹, Vom Hauptort Kötzschenbroda, wo in der die aus der Kreuzungsarbeit mit einer euro- Saison täglich eine Erdbeerbörse abgehal- päischen Walderbeere (Fragaria vesca) und ten wird, wurden 1892 vom 27. Mai bis 15. einer japanischen Wilderdbeere (Fragaria Juni 39436 kg per Bahn versandt, 1899 vom iinumae Makino) entstanden ist (Abb. 1). 29. Mai bis 1. Juli 41021 kg; mindestens Um über alte Sorten und die Weinberg- eben so viel ging direkt nach Dresden.«6 erdbeeren historische Belege und eventuell 2 | In einem ehemaligen Weinberg in Dresden überdauerte Weinbergerdbeere, off enbar eine »Chile-Erdbeere«, aufgefunden von M. Köhler, Fotografi e: Klaus Olbricht, 2015. 58 Erwartungen an den Erdbeerzüchter im Wandel der Zeit auch überlebende Pfl anzen in den Weinber- schützter Anbau unter Folie und Glas) und gen des Dresdner Elbtales zu fi nden, arbei- die Forderungen der Vermarktung (Trans- ten das Institut für Landschaft sarchitektur portfähigkeit, Festigkeit) eine entschei- und das Institut für Botanik der TU Dres- dende Rolle. den sowie das Senckenberg-Institut Görlitz mit dem Züchtungsunternehmen Hansa- Die Kulturerdbeere als typisches Beispiel bred zusammen. Es konnten bereits Akzes- der Domestikation von Kulturpfl anzen sionen in ehemaligen Weinbergen bzw. an deren Rändern gesammelt werden (Abb. 2). Bei der Züchtung neuer Erdbeersorten Das Auffinden historischer Quellen wird wurde in der Vergangenheit das Aroma eine langwierige Arbeit werden, bevor ein gegenüber einem hohen Ertrag, der Frucht- vollständiges Bild gezeichnet werden kann. größe, der Fruchtfestigkeit und der Trans- Züchterische Aktivitäten führten indes portfähigkeit lange vernachlässigt. Durch zu einer Neuaufl age von Gourmet-Erdbee- diese Fokussierung auf wirtschaftlich ren, die im Hegelschen Sinne als eine »Auf- relevante Eigenschaft en gingen durch den hebung« der Weinbergerdbeeren in unsere sogenannten negativen Domestikations- Zeit verstanden werden könnten (Abb. 3). eff ekt - oder auch »Trichter-Eff ekt« - Aroma- stoff e und Resistenzen in den heutigen Kul- Sensorische Wahrnehmung und Züchtung turformen verloren. Die Thematisierung als Co-Evolution von solchen Eff ekten bei der Kulturerdbeere ist jüngeren Datums und wurde durch Generell unterliegt die Züchtung von Nah- Probleme mit Krankheiten bei der Kultur- rungsmittelpfl anzen einer Co-Evolution, die führung und eine durch den Verbraucher geprägt ist von der Suche nach angenehm zunehmend negativ beurteilte sensorische schmeckenden, süßen, nicht sauren, nicht Qualität von Hochleistungssorten herbei- bitteren oder adstringierenden Sorten mit geführt. Neben züchtungshistorischen hohen Erträgen. An diese sensorischen Betrachtungen sind es vor allem Inhalts- Reaktionen sind Informationen gebunden, stoffanalysen und molekularbiologische die für den Menschen essentiell sind. Süß Studien, die die genetische Erosion belegen weist auf Zucker und schnell verfügbare können.11 Energie, umami auf Proteine, Fleisch eben- Züchtung bewegt sich zwischen zwei falls auf eine Energiequelle, salzig auf konträren Ansätzen: Variabilität schaffen physiologisch wichtige Mineralien hin. und Variabilität einengen (Abb. 4). Aus die- Sauer hingegen warnt vor Unreife und bitter sem Wechselspiel entstehen neue Sorten. vor Gift en.8 Diese Wirkmechanismen gelten Die Auslese ist eine Haupttätigkeit des evolutionär. Hinzu kommt, dass bei moder- Züchters. Streng genommen ist jede Selek- nen Studien Schlüsselmotive bei der Lebens- tion der Anfang eines Trichtereff ektes und mittelwahl in folgender Reihenfolge ge- geht damit von Anbeginn der Domestika- nannt werden: Genuss und Geschmack, tion dem Menschen nützlicher Lebewesen »Convenience«, Preis, Gesundheit und die einher, die zeitlich im Neolithikum mit dem »Nachhaltigkeit« (»BIO«-Aspekt).9 Aroma Übergang der Jäger und Sammler zu den und Geschmack (»Flavour«) haben eine Ackerbauern (Gartenbauern) einzuordnen direkte Wirkung auf unser Wohlbefinden ist.12 Aufgrund beschränkter genetischer und unsere Gesundheit.10 Neben diesen sen- Ausgangsbasis am Beginn der Domes- sorisch defi nierten Anforderungen an die tikation und intensiver nachfolgender Züchtung spielen alle gartenbaulichen Züchtungsarbeit über lange Zeiträume zei- Eigenschaften und die Anbauwürdigkeit gen heute viele Kulturpflanzen nicht nur der Sorten in sich verändernden Umwelt- Steigerungen in gewünschten Eigenschaft en bedingungen und Kultursystemen (Feld, ge- wie Fruchtgröße, Ertrag und Haltbarkeit, 59 AHA! Miszellen zur Gartengeschichte und Gartendenkmalpflege 3 | Weinbergerdbeeren 2.0: Aus dem Hansabred-Züchtungsprogramm zusammengestellte Wildartselektionen mit aromatischen und optischen Überraschungen, Fotografi e: Klaus Olbricht, 2016. sondern auch negative Domestikationsef- Auswahl von vornehmlich Hochleistungs- fekte wie verringerte Metabolitenspektren sorten als Kreuzungspartner zu suchen. (Aroma) und Resistenzverluste. Diese Ver- Die der Domestikation von Nahrungs- änderungen haben ihre Spiegelung auf der mittelpflanzen immanente Suche nach genetischen Ebene. süßen,
Recommended publications
  • Genotyping-By-Sequencing in an Orphan Plant Species Physocarpus Opulifolius Helps Identify the Evolutionary Origins of the Genus

    Genotyping-By-Sequencing in an Orphan Plant Species Physocarpus Opulifolius Helps Identify the Evolutionary Origins of the Genus

    Buti et al. BMC Res Notes (2016) 9:268 DOI 10.1186/s13104-016-2069-4 BMC Research Notes SHORT REPORT Open Access Genotyping‑by‑sequencing in an orphan plant species Physocarpus opulifolius helps identify the evolutionary origins of the genus Prunus Matteo Buti1*, Daniel J. Sargent1,3, Khethani G. Mhelembe2, Pietro Delfino1, Kenneth R. Tobutt2 and Riccardo Velasco1 Abstract Background: The Rosaceae family encompasses numerous genera exhibiting morphological diversification in fruit types and plant habit as well as a wide variety of chromosome numbers. Comparative genomics between various Rosaceous genera has led to the hypothesis that the ancestral genome of the family contained nine chromosomes, however, the synteny studies performed in the Rosaceae to date encompass species with base chromosome num- bers x 7 (Fragaria), x 8 (Prunus), and x 17 (Malus), and no study has included species from one of the many Rosaceous= genera containing= a base chromosome= number of x 9. = Results: A genetic linkage map of the species Physocarpus opulifolius (x 9) was populated with sequence char- acterised SNP markers using genotyping by sequencing. This allowed for= the first time, the extent of the genome diversification of a Rosaceous genus with a base chromosome number of x 9 to be performed. Orthologous loci distributed throughout the nine chromosomes of Physocarpus and the eight= chromosomes of Prunus were identified which permitted a meaningful comparison of the genomes of these two genera to be made. Conclusions: The study revealed a high level of macro-synteny between the two genomes, and relatively few chro- mosomal rearrangements, as has been observed in studies of other Rosaceous genomes, lending further support for a relatively simple model of genomic evolution in Rosaceae.
  • The History of Genome Mapping in Fragaria Spp

    The History of Genome Mapping in Fragaria Spp

    Journal of Horticultural Research 2014, vol. 22(2): 93-103 DOI: 10.2478/johr-2014-0026 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ THE HISTORY OF GENOME MAPPING IN FRAGARIA SPP. Abdel-Rahman Moustafa Abdel-Wahab MOHAMED1, Tomasz JĘCZ2, Małgorzata KORBIN2* 1Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Minia, Egypt 2Department of Horticultural Plant Breeding, Laboratory of Unconventional Breeding Methods Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland Received: November 25, 2014; Accepted: December 12, 2014 ABSTRACT This overview summarizes the research programs devoted to mapping the genomes within Fragaria genus. A few genetic linkage maps of diploid and octoploid Fragaria species as well as impressive physical map of F. vesca were developed in the last decade and resulted in the collection of data useful for further fundamental and applied studies. The information concerning the rules for proper preparation of mapping population, the choice of markers useful for generating linkage map, the saturation of existing maps with new markers linked to economically important traits, as well as problems faced during mapping process are presented in this paper. Key words: woodland strawberry, cultivated strawberry, linkage, physical map INTRODUCTION artificial chromosome (YAC) cloning vectors. In comparison to a genetic map, providing insights Genome maps, displaying the position of into the relative position of loci on chromosomes, genes along chromosomes within the genome of an the physical map is more “accurate” representation organism, are classified as genetic and physical maps of the genome (Brown 2002). (Brown 2002). In theory, both maps should provide Regardless of the strategy used, the essence of the same information concerning chromosomal as- all mapping approaches is to localise a collection of signment, and the order of loci.
  • The History of Genome Mapping in Fragaria Spp

    The History of Genome Mapping in Fragaria Spp

    Journal of Horticultural Research 2014, vol. 22(2): 93-103 DOI: 10.2478/johr-2014-0026 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ THE HISTORY OF GENOME MAPPING IN FRAGARIA SPP. Abdel-Rahman Moustafa Abdel-Wahab MOHAMED1, Tomasz JĘCZ2, Małgorzata KORBIN2* 1Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Minia, Egypt 2Department of Horticultural Plant Breeding, Laboratory of Unconventional Breeding Methods Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland Received: November 25, 2014; Accepted: December 12, 2014 ABSTRACT This overview summarizes the research programs devoted to mapping the genomes within Fragaria genus. A few genetic linkage maps of diploid and octoploid Fragaria species as well as impressive physical map of F. vesca were developed in the last decade and resulted in the collection of data useful for further fundamental and applied studies. The information concerning the rules for proper preparation of mapping population, the choice of markers useful for generating linkage map, the saturation of existing maps with new markers linked to economically important traits, as well as problems faced during mapping process are presented in this paper. Key words: woodland strawberry, cultivated strawberry, linkage, physical map INTRODUCTION artificial chromosome (YAC) cloning vectors. In comparison to a genetic map, providing insights Genome maps, displaying the position of into the relative position of loci on chromosomes, genes along chromosomes within the genome of an the physical map is more “accurate” representation organism, are classified as genetic and physical maps of the genome (Brown 2002). (Brown 2002). In theory, both maps should provide Regardless of the strategy used, the essence of the same information concerning chromosomal as- all mapping approaches is to localise a collection of signment, and the order of loci.
  • Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 (2013) 17–29

    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 (2013) 17–29

    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 (2013) 17–29 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Insights into phylogeny, sex function and age of Fragaria based on whole chloroplast genome sequencing ⇑ Wambui Njuguna a, , Aaron Liston b, Richard Cronn c, Tia-Lynn Ashman d, Nahla Bassil e a Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, ALS 4017, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA b Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Cordley Hall 2082, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA c Pacific Northwest Research Station, United States Forest Service, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA d Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA e United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA article info abstract Article history: The cultivated strawberry is one of the youngest domesticated plants, developed in France in the 1700s Received 13 February 2012 from chance hybridization between two western hemisphere octoploid species. However, little is known Revised 20 August 2012 about the evolution of the species that gave rise to this important fruit crop. Phylogenetic analysis of Accepted 30 August 2012 chloroplast genome sequences of 21 Fragaria species and subspecies resolves the western North Ameri- Available online 14 September 2012 can diploid F. vesca subsp. bracteata as sister to the clade of octoploid/decaploid species. No extant tetrap- loids or hexaploids are directly involved in the maternal ancestry of the octoploids. Keywords: There is strong geographic segregation of chloroplast haplotypes in subsp. bracteata, and the gynodioe- Plastome cious Pacific Coast populations are implicated as both the maternal lineage and the source of male-ste- Polyploidy Self-compatibility rility in the octoploid strawberries.
  • Population Genetic Analysis of a Global Collection of Fragaria Vesca Using Microsatellite Markers

    Population Genetic Analysis of a Global Collection of Fragaria Vesca Using Microsatellite Markers

    RESEARCH ARTICLE Population genetic analysis of a global collection of Fragaria vesca using microsatellite markers Hrannar SmaÂri Hilmarsson1, Timo HytoÈ nen2,3, Sachiko Isobe4, Magnus GoÈ ransson1,5, Tuomas Toivainen2, Jo n Hallsteinn Hallsson1* 1 Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Keldnaholt, Reykjavik, Iceland, 2 Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 3 Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 4 Kazusa DNA Research Institute (KDRI), Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan, 5 Department of Plant Sciences, a1111111111 Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract The woodland strawberry, Fragaria vesca, holds great promise as a model organism. It not only represents the important Rosaceae family that includes economically important species OPEN ACCESS such as apples, pears, peaches and roses, but it also complements the well-known model Citation: Hilmarsson HS, HytoÈnen T, Isobe S, organism Arabidopsis thaliana in key areas such as perennial life cycle and the development GoÈransson M, Toivainen T, Hallsson JH (2017) of fleshy fruit. Analysis of wild populations of A. thaliana has shed light on several important Population genetic analysis of a global collection of developmental pathways controlling, for example, flowering time and plant growth, suggest- Fragaria vesca using microsatellite markers. PLoS ONE 12(8): e0183384. https://doi.org/10.1371/ ing that a similar approach using F. vesca might add to our understanding on the develop- journal.pone.0183384 ment of rosaceous species and perennials in general. As a first step, 298 F. vesca plants Editor: David D Fang, USDA-ARS Southern were analyzed using microsatellite markers with the primary aim of analyzing population Regional Research Center, UNITED STATES structure and distribution of genetic diversity.
  • Fruit Trees, Nut Trees, Plants, Seeds, Books & Sundries

    Fruit Trees, Nut Trees, Plants, Seeds, Books & Sundries

    Agroforestry Research Trust Fruit trees, nut trees, plants, seeds, books & sundries www.agroforestry.co.uk Agroforestry: what is it? The simplest definition of agroforestry is that it is the integration of trees and agriculture/horticulture to create a more diverse growing system. In agroforestry the aim is to promote more use of perennial crops, notably tree and shrub crops, because they are more resilient, more sustainable and ecologically sound. Agroforestry systems can vary in complexity from the very simple, eg occasional trees planted in pastures to provide shade, emergency forage and nitrogen (via nitrogen- fixing bacteria), to the more complex systems like forest gardens, which may utilise hundreds of species to create a self-sustaining and interconnected system. The Agroforestry Research Trust The Trust is a registered charity, set up to educate and research into perennial crops and agroforestry. We have 20 acres of trial grounds in Devon including forest gardens and other systems. There are public guided tours through the growing season of our sites (see website at https://www.agroforestry.co.uk/research-site-tours/ for info and dates). We also run courses and seminars in forest gardening, growing nut crops and the forest garden greenhouse (with subtropical forest garden) in Devon. Dates and more info on website at https://www.agroforestry.co.uk/product-category/courses/. The Forest Garden Network This is an informal network of people planning or already cultivating their own forest gardens or agroforestry systems on farms, with the aim to facilitate visits to each other’s sites – one of the best ways to improve our knowledge about temperate agroforestry.
  • The Genus Fragaria in Croatia

    The Genus Fragaria in Croatia

    Erwerbs-Obstbau DOI 10.1007/s10341-017-0318-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE The Genus Fragaria in Croatia Dubravka Dujmovic´ Purgar1 · Boris Duralija1 · Aleš Vokurka1 · Marija Todoric´1 · Vesna Židovec1 Received: 12 July 2016 / Accepted: 11 November 2016 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017 Abstract Only three native species of genus Fragaria Introduction (F. moschata, F. vesca and F. v irid is) are recorded in three regions of Croatia. These species as well as many of their Croatia is one of the richest European countries in terms of hybrids, are, or once were, cultivated for their edible fruits. biological diversity. Croatian flora, with 5593 species and The majority of cultivated strawberries in Europe belong to subspecies is characterized by a markedly high level of di- garden strawberries F. x ananassa (hybrids of F. chiloensis versity per unit of surface (Nikolic´ 2006). The forests and and F. virginiana). The most expanded wild strawberry their marginal areas are rich in numerous varieties of self- species in Croatia is a woodland strawberry (F. vesca) grown fruits, representing a valuable asset. Important com- whose berries are gathered seasonally as wild edible fruits. ponents of biodiversity are the wild edible fruit species, They often contain higher amount of nutrients and bioac- such as strawberries. Strawberry, genus Fragaria L., be- tive compounds in comparison to cultivated varieties. The longs to the family Rosaceae (Nikolic´ 2015), subfamily research on the genus Fragaria species distribution in Croa- Rosoideae (Mägdefrau and Ehrendorfer 1997). tia has not been carried out, and so is the case with many The genus Fragaria comprises a relatively small num- others wild growing fruit species in Croatia.
  • A Dissertation Submitted for Partial Fulfillment Of

    A Dissertation Submitted for Partial Fulfillment Of

    DIVERSITY OF NATURALIZED PLANT SPECIES ACROSS LAND USE TYPES IN MAKWANPUR DISTRICT, CENTRAL NEPAL A Dissertation Submitted for Partial Fulfillment of the Requirmentment for the Master‟s Degree in Botany, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Submitted by Bhawani Nyaupane Exam Roll No.:107/071 Batch: 2071/73 T.U Reg. No.: 5-2-49-10-2010 Ecology and Resource Management Unit Central Department of Botany Institute of Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathamndu, Nepal May, 2019 RECOMMENDATION This is to certify that the dissertation work entitled “DIVERSITY OF NATURALIZED PLANT ACROSS LAND USE TYPES IN MAKWANPUR DISTRICT, CENTRAL NEPAL” has been submitted by Ms. Bhawani Nyaupane under my supervision. The entire work is accomplished on the basis of Candidate‘s original research work. As per my knowledge, the work has not been submitted to any other academic degree. It is hereby recommended for acceptance of this dissertation as a partial fulfillment of the requirement of Master‘s Degree in Botany at Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University. ………………………… Supervisor Dr. Bharat Babu Shrestha Associate Professor Central Department of Botany TU, Kathmandu, Nepal. Date: 17th May, 2019 ii LETTER OF APPROVAL The M.Sc. dissertation entitled “DIVERSITY OF NATURALIZED PLANT SPECIES ACROSS LAND USE TYPES IN MAKWANPUR DISTRICT, CENTRAL NEPAL” submitted at the Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University by Ms. Bhawani Nyaupane has been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirement of Master‘s Degree in Botany (Ecology and Resource Management Unit). EXAMINATION COMMITTEE ………………………. ……………………. External Examiner Internal Examiner Dr. Rashila Deshar Dr. Anjana Devkota Assistant Professor Associate Professor Central Department of Environmental Science Central Department of Botany TU, Kathmandu, Nepal.
  • Fragaria Nubicola (Rosaceae): a Review of Received: 25-05-2019 Accepted: 27-06-2019 Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

    Fragaria Nubicola (Rosaceae): a Review of Received: 25-05-2019 Accepted: 27-06-2019 Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

    Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2019; 8(4): 3390-3393 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2019; 8(4): 3390-3393 Fragaria nubicola (Rosaceae): A review of Received: 25-05-2019 Accepted: 27-06-2019 medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology Rifat Roshan Department of Pharmacognosy, Rifat Roshan, Salman Ahmed and Muhammad Mohtasheem ul Hassan Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abstract University of Karachi, Karachi, Fragaria nubicola (Hoof.f) Linn. (Rosaceae) is a medicinally important plant commonly called Wild Pakistan strawberry. Traditionally it has been used to treat different diseases. The study was carried out to compile Salman Ahmed all the previous data in review form on the basis of its distribution, traditional medicinal uses, Department of Pharmacognosy, pharmacology and phytochemistry. Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keywords: Fragaria nubicola, medicinal plant, herbal medicine, phytochemistry, pharmacology University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan Introduction Fragaria nubicola (Hoof. f) Linn. belongs to family Rosaceae and is commonly called Wild Muhammad Mohtasheem ul [1] Hassan strawberry . It grows in wooded valleys, forest margins and meadows on mountain slopes of Department of Pharmacognosy, 1500-3600 m height and distributed in Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan Faculty of Pharmacy and and Sikkim. Plants are stoloniferous, 4–25 cm tall. Its flowering season is May to August. Pharmaceutical Sciences, Although Fragaria nubicola is closely related to Fragaria vesca, it is generally recognized to University of Karachi, Karachi, be a distinct species characterised by appressed persistent sepals in fruit (this may be difficult Pakistan [2] to see in herbarium material) . Fragaria nubicola is diploid specie having 14 number of chromosomes while all other have 7 chromosomes.
  • A STREAMLINED Synthetlc OCTOPLOID SYSTEM THAT

    A STREAMLINED Synthetlc OCTOPLOID SYSTEM THAT

    A STREAMLINED SYNTHETlC OCTOPLOID SYSTEM THAT EMPHASIZES FRAGARIA VESCA AS A BRIDGE SPEClES A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Guelph by ROBERT HAROLD BORS In partial fuifilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Robert Bors O June, 2000 National Library Bibliothèque nationale l*m of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, nie Wellington OttawaON KIAON4 Ottawa ON K1 A ON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sel1 reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. ABSTRACT A STREAMLINEO SYNTHETIC OCTOPLOID SYSTEM T HAT EMPHASIZES FRAGAR~AVESCA AS A BRIDGE SPECIES Robert Harold Bors Advisor: 3. A. Sullivan University of Guelph. 2000 The synthetic octoploid (SO) system is a method of combining diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid Fragaha species into hybrid octoploids for introgression into octoploid strawberry cultivars of F.x ananassa.
  • Fragaria Vesca Using Microsatellite Markers on a Worldwide Plant Collection

    Fragaria Vesca Using Microsatellite Markers on a Worldwide Plant Collection

    MS – thesis June 2015 A biogeographic analysis of the species Fragaria vesca using microsatellite markers on a worldwide plant collection Hrannar Smári Hilmarsson Faculty of Land and Animal Resources MS – thesis June 2015 A biogeographic analysis of the species Fragaria vesca using microsatellite markers on a worldwide plant collection Hrannar Smári Hilmarsson 90 ECTS thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of a Magister Scientiarum degree in Agricultural Sciences Academic advisors: Dr. Jón Hallsteinn Hallsson & Dr. Timo Hytönen Agricultural University of Iceland Faculty of Land and Animal Resources Clarification of contribution I hereby declare that the work of plant collection and propagation, DNA isolation, analysis of molecular data, and writing of this thesis is my work under the supervision of my advisors, Dr. Jón Hallsteinn Hallsson and Dr. Timo Hytönen. _______________________________ Hrannar Smári Hilmarsson i Abstract The woodland strawberry, Fragaria vesca L., has the widest distribution of its genus. It can be found across North-America, all over Europe and into Asia. F. vesca has become an important research model benefitting from its small genome as well as both easy propogation and maintainance. A vast collection and research on natural variation is imperative to the advancement of research in the field of the Rosa (Rosaceae) plant family, the third most economically important of all plant families. Another importat reason for assessing the genetic population structure of the F. vesca is its vast distribution and the effect of climate change through the ages, which could shed light on the dispersal route of the species during and after the last glacial maximum. The aims of this study were to collect individuals of F.
  • Agroforestry Research Trust

    Agroforestry Research Trust

    Agroforestry Research Trust Fruit trees, nut trees, plants, seeds, books & sundries August 2010-July 2011 Agroforestry: what is it? The simplest definition of agroforestry is that it is the integration of trees and agriculture/horticulture to create a more diverse growing system. In agroforestry the aim is to promote more use of perennial crops, notably tree and shrub crops, for several reasons: Perennial crops are more resilient to the vagaries of the climate and more reliable in cropping than annually-cultivated crops. This may become increasingly important as climate change occurs: the latest indications are that the warming of the earth is occuring faster than anticipated and over the next 50 years, between 2° and 5 C rise in Britain looks likely. This will mean increasingly frequent droughts in summer, thus threatening many annual agricultural crops. Modern agriculture is inefficient in energy terms, whereas agroforestry relies on perennial crops which need less labour and require less energy input to maintain than annual crops. Perennial crops are much more sustainable in the long term, especially where they are planted in diverse mixtures which are planned to perform well together. Perennial crops have other important benefits, some of which are less easy to quantify. Trees and forests are essential facets of life on earth and help control and regulate wind, moisture, rainfall, temperature and so on. They are also linked with cultural and spiritual values. Agroforestry systems can vary in complexity from the very simple, eg occasional trees planted in pastures to provide shade, emergency forage and nitrogen (via nitrogen-fixing bacteria), to the more complex systems like forest gardens, which may utilise hundreds of species to create a self-sustaining and interconnected system.