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Unofficial Consultation 1970 Geneva and 1971 Addis Ababa The Greek Orthodox Review In this Issue The Third and Fourth Consultations between Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Theologians THE GENEVA CONSULTATION AND THE ADDIS ABABA CONSULTATIONS VOLUME XVI DOUBLE ISSUE SPRING & FALL, 1971 NOs. 1 AND 2 Holy Cross School of Theology Hellenic College Brookline, Massachusetts The Greek Orthodox Theological Review In this Issue The Third and Fourth Consultations between Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Theologians THE GENEVA CONSULTATION AND THE ADDIS ABABA CONSULTATIONS VOLUME XVI ' DOUBLE ISSUE SPRING & FALL, 1971 NOs. 1 AND 2 Published by the Holy Cross School of Theology Hellenic College Brookline, Massachusetts THE GREEK ORTHODOX THEOLOGICAL REVIEW THE GREEK ORTHODOX THEOLOGICAL REVIEW is a publication for the exchange of scholarly papers and reviews in the fields of Biblical Studies, Orthodox Theology, Church History, Byzantine History, and related Classical, Archaeological, and Philosophical Studies. A subscription to the REVIEW costs five dollars per annum. The price of a single number is three dollars. Communications to the Editor, books for review, requests for advertising and subscriptions, and notices of change of address should be directed to the Editor of THE GREEK ORTHODOX THEOLOGICAL REVIEW, 50 Goddard Avenue, Brookline, Mass. 02146. All MSS submitted for consideration by the REVIEW should be typewritten double-spaced; and all notes and documentation should be separately paged. Articles are approved for publication, or rejected, by the Editorial Boards. Rejected articles will be returned to the Author only if the latter has supplied a self-addressed stamped envelope. The REVIEW is published twice yearly, Spring and Fall, by the Holy Cross School of Theology, Hellenic College, 50 Goddard Avenue, Brookline Massachusetts 02146. It is indexed in Historical Abstracts,Religious and Theological Abstracts, and The Index to Religious Periodical Literature. EDITORIAL For the third time in the last six years, the pages of this periodical are devoted to papers and discussions exchanged between theologians of Eastern Christendom. We believe that these documents are epoch-making in the history of the Christian East, as well as in the annals of the Ecumenical Movement. This journal is pleased to be a participant in this history. The progress in the dialogues between Eastern (or Greek) Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox theologians is promising. For while the Ecumenical Movement has promoted an at­ mosphere of goodwill and mutual understanding among several Christian Churches and many Denominations, little has been achieved in overcoming major doctrinal, ec­ clesiological, or even ethical obstacles (save some achievements within the Protestant world). But this is not the case concerning the theological dialogues between the representatives of Eastern and Oriental Orthodoxy. Thanks to the Aarhus, Bristol, Geneva, and Addis Ababa Consultations, the two ancient bodies of Christendom are now closer to each other than ever before. This phenomenon is the most hopeful sign and indeed a breakthrough event in the Ecumenical Movement. To be sure, much work remains to be done, but the way has been paved. The Orthodox worlds must move .forward with even a more intense and prayerful attitude. Either before or even after reading the present issue, the reader may desire to study or consult the papers and resolutions of the previous theological conferences. The “Aarhus Consultation” was printed in Volume X No. 2 (Winter 1964-1965), and the “Bristol Consultation” appeared in Volume XIII No. 2 (Fall 1968) of this periodical. The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America, which has generously subsidized efforts intending to bring closer Orthodox theologians, and Holy Cross Greek Orthodox Theological School, which publishes this journal, are happy for the opportunity to print the “Geneva and Addis Ababa Consultations”. Because of the nature of the present issue, no book reviews have been included here. Indeed, because of the massive material we have been compelled to make this a double issue. Demetrios J. Constantelos THIRD AND FOURTH UNOFFICIAL CONSULTATIONS BETWEEN ORIENTAL ORTHODOX AND EASTERN ORTHODOX THEOLOGIANS Geneva, 16-21 August 1970 Addis Ababa, 22-23 January 1971 MINUTES AND PAPERS Editors: NIKOS NISSIOTIS PAUL VERGHESE FOREWORD The first of this series of conversations took place in 1964 at the University of Aarhus, Denmark. The participants were pleasantly surprised at the results, for the degree of agreement was much greater than was anticipated. In fact the mutual agreement discovered at Aarhus was so wide that some critics who were not present even thought that the participants were jumping to conclusions before adequate and detailed study of all the issues involved. The seven years that have passed since Aarhus served only to confirm and elucidate the basic conclusions of that first meeting. No doubt problems have emerged, but these were already anticipated at Aarhus. The meeting at the University of Bristol, England in 1967, provided more documentation for the conclusions of Aarhus, and eliminated the possibility that the Monothelete position was the one espoused by the Oriental Orthodoxy. The third and fourth meetings of which the minutes and papers are here published dealt with the more difficult problems which still remain to be settled - recognition of Councils, anathemas of teachers. These being unofficial consultations we were not expected to settle these differences, but merely to clarify the position on either side. The problem of anathemas seems much easier to resolve than the problem of the recognition of the four later Councils by the Oriental Orthodox. The discussion has to become more official before an adequate solution to the problems can be discovered. One thing is clear. The Holy Spirit, Who can always surprise us by doing what is humanly impossible, has been with us in all these conversations. And it is in His guidance and power that we continue to trust. Geneva E aster 1971 Paul Verghese THE GREEK ORTHODOX THEOLOGICAL REVIEW DOUBLE ISSUE VOLUME XVI SPRING & FALL, 1971 NOs. 1 AND 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword Paul Verghese A. The Consultation in Geneva (16-21 August 1970) 1. Summary of Conclusions........................... Pages 3-8 2. Minutes............................................................Pages 9 - 43 3. Appendix I A Brief History of Efforts to Reunite the Chalcedonian and non-Chalcedonian Sides from 451- 641 A.D................................................................Pages 44 - 62 Prof. V.C. Samuel 4. Appendix II The Christological Decisions of Chalcedon - Their History down to the 6th Ecumenical Synod - 451 - 680/ 8 1 ......................................................................... Pages 63-78 Prof. G. Konidaris 5. Appendix III The Distinction between the Horoi and the Canons of the Early Synods and their Significance for the Acceptance of the Council of Chalcedon by the non-Chalcedonian Churches......................Pages 79-107 Prof. J. Karmiris 6. Appendix IV The Difference between the Horos and the Canon and its Importance for the Reception of the Synod of Chalcedon.......................................................Pages 108-132 Prof. N. Chitescu 7. Appendix V Ecclesiological Issues Concerning the Relation of Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodox Churches. ................................................................................... Pages 133-143 Fr. Paul Verghese THE GREEK ORTHODOX THEOLOGICAL REVIEW 8. Appendix VI Ecclesiological Issues Inherent in the Relations between Eastern Chalcedonian and Oriental non- Chalcedonian Churches.............................Pages 144-162 Dr. J.D. Zizioulas 9. Appendix VII The Canonical Traditions of the Orthodox Church and the Oriental Churches...................... Pages 163-172 Bishop Pierre de Chersonese 10. Appendix VIII A Historico-Theological Review of the Anathemata of the Fourth Ecumenical Council by the Armenian Church....................................... Pages 173-192 Metropolitan Damaskinos Papandreou 11. Appendix IX The First Three Ecumenical Councils and their Significance for the Armenian Church Pages 193 - 209 Vardapet Mesrob Krikorian B. The Consultation in Addis Ababa (22-23 January 1971) 1. Summary of Conclusions.....................Pages 210-213 2. M inutes....................................................... Pages 214-235 3. Appendix I Condemnation of Teachers and Acclamation of Saints................................................................Pages 236 - 244 Prof. V.C. Samuel 4. Appendix II Recognition of Saints and Problems of A nathem as......................................................Pages 245 - 259 Archpriest Vitaly Borovoy 1. SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS 1. The third unofficial consultation between the theologians of the Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Orthodox Churches was held from August 16-21, 1970 at the Cenacle, Geneva, in an atmosphere of openness and trust which has been built up thanks to the two previous conversations at Aarhus (1964) and Bristol (1967). REAFFIRMATION OF CHRISTOLOGICAL AGREEMENT 2. We have reaffirmed our agreements at Aarhus and Bristol on the substance of our common Christology. On the essence of the Christological dogma our two traditions, despite fifteen centuries of separation, still find themselves in full and deep agreement with the universal tradition of the one undivided Church. It is the teaching of the blessed Cyril on the hypostatic union of the two natures in Christ that we both affirm, though we
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