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SFU Thesis Template Files The Function of Art-Making for Women in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside: A Critical Phenomenological Case Study on the Enterprising Women Making Art (EWMA) Program by Sasha Davis B.A. (Hons.), Huron University College, 2008 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Psychology Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Sasha Davis 2013 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2013 Approval Name: Sasha Davis Degree: Master of Arts (Psychology) Title: The Function of Art-Making for Women in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside: A Critical Phenomenological Case Study on the Enterprising Women Making Art (EWMA) Program Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Thomas Spalek Associate Professor Dr. Robert Ley Senior Supervisor Associate Professor Dr. David Cox Supervisor Associate Professor Dr. Jeff Sugarman Supervisor Professor Faculty of Education Dr. Darlene Clover External Examiner Professor Educational Psychology and Leadership Studies University of Victoria Date Defended/Approved: November 22, 2013 ii Partial Copyright Licence iii Ethics Statement iv Abstract This study explores the psychological, sociopolitical and socioeconomic roles of art- making amongst members of the Enterprising Women Making Art (EWMA) program, a community arts-based social enterprise in Vancouver's low-income Downtown Eastside. Each of five participants completed two individual interview sessions which explored their backgrounds, the function of art-making in their lives, their past and present psychological and socioeconomic difficulties, and their impressions of their participation in the interviews. Four participants also completed two individual member check sessions to verify the accuracy of the data transcription and analysis. Interview transcripts were analyzed through a critical phenomenological lens using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Emergent themes included: the promotion of mental health and the expression of personal values through art-making; the enhancement of art-making through adversity; psychological resilience; limitations on art-making resources; opportunities for income generation, with limitations; issues with communication and discourse regarding power inequalities; and generally positive impressions of the study’s interview and research topics. This study’s findings help to inform strategies to promote engagement between individuals with psychological distress who engage in art-making and mental health researchers. Keywords: Art-making; psychological distress; socioeconomic; interpretative phenomenological analysis, phenomenology; case study v Dedication This is dedicated to the women and artists of the Downtown Eastside community. Thank you for sharing your meaningful stories and art. vi Acknowledgements The completion of this thesis has truly been the outcome of several twists of fate and the generous commitment and support of several individuals. I would like to thank Dr. Bob Ley for helping me to find my niche in my graduate studies by encouraging me to pursue research consistent with my values and interests. I am incredibly grateful for his open-mindedness, enthusiasm, and dedication throughout this process. I would also like to thank Dr. Jeff Sugarman for his unwavering support and for imparting his philosophical wisdom with clarity and accessibility. Dr. David Cox has also provided me with support and encouragement to express my true voice through this project. Dr. Darlene Clover has also supported this project by travelling to Vancouver for my thesis defence as the External Examiner. She has also provided insight and inspiration through her work in community arts education and research in Victoria, BC. I would also like to thank the Community Arts Council of Vancouver. In particular, Dr. Sonja Embree and Mary Bennet connected me with the Enterprising Women Making Art (EWMA) program. Dr. Embree also shared her knowledge and experience with arts- involved phenomenological research and helped to guide me in designing the current study. Lastly, and most importantly, I would like to thank the participants and co- ordinators of the EWMA program and Atira Women’s Resource Society at large. In particular, I am immensely grateful to the five participants of the current study who devoted a great deal of time and commitment to sharing their stories and perspectives. Meetings with the participants could not have taken place without the organization and support of EWMA co-ordinator Jessica Numminem. I would like to thank her and Niki Antonopoulou for seeing purpose in the current study, providing their feedback in the study’s early stages, and allowing this study to be conducted. vii Table of Contents Approval .......................................................................................................................... ii Partial Copyright Licence ............................................................................................... iii Ethics Statement ............................................................................................................ iv Abstract ........................................................................................................................... v Dedication ...................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... vii Table of Contents .......................................................................................................... viii List of Tables .................................................................................................................. xi Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 1.1. The Role of Social Bonding through Art-Making ..................................................... 2 1.2. Introduction to the Enterprising Women Making Art (EWMA) Program ................... 3 1.3. Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside Neighbourhood .................................................. 4 1.4. Socioeconomic Adversity and Psychological Distress ............................................ 6 1.5. Community Arts and Psychosocial Wellbeing ......................................................... 8 1.6. The Sociopolitical Function of Community Arts ..................................................... 10 1.7. Research Caveats Regarding Community Arts ..................................................... 11 1.8. Research Questions ............................................................................................. 12 Chapter 2. Methods ................................................................................................... 14 2.1. Background and Perspective of the Researcher ................................................... 14 2.2. Theoretical Orientation ......................................................................................... 16 2.3. Research Design .................................................................................................. 18 2.4. Cooperation of the EWMA Program in the Current Study ..................................... 19 2.5. Pre-Research Volunteer Phase ............................................................................ 19 2.6. Eligibility Criteria ................................................................................................... 20 2.7. Participant Demographics..................................................................................... 20 2.8. Participant Recruitment ........................................................................................ 21 2.9. Interview Procedure .............................................................................................. 22 2.10. Data Reduction and Analysis ................................................................................ 23 2.11. Verification of the Data ......................................................................................... 25 2.12. Data Dissemination within the Community ............................................................ 27 Chapter 3. Findings of the Study ............................................................................. 29 3.1. Brief Individual Participant Profiles ....................................................................... 29 3.1.1. Una ........................................................................................................... 29 Background ............................................................................................... 29 Psychological and Socioeconomic Functioning ......................................... 30 Art-Making and Participation at EWMA Studio .......................................... 31 3.1.2. Mae. .......................................................................................................... 31 Background ............................................................................................... 31 Psychological and Socioeconomic Functioning ......................................... 32 Art-Making and Participation at EWMA Studio .......................................... 32 3.1.3. A.C. ........................................................................................................... 33 Background ............................................................................................... 33 Psychological and Socioeconomic Functioning
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