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Secretariat of the Pacific Community FIELD REPORT No. 29 on TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ON SMALL-SCALE BAITFISHING TRIALS AND COURSE PRESENTATION TO THE NATIONAL FISHERIES COLLEGE, AND FAD EXPERIMENTS TO THE COMMUNITY FISHERIES MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ASSISTING IN KAVIENG, PAPUA NEW GUINEA 12 September to 7 December 2005 by William Sokimi Fisheries Development Officer Secretariat of the Pacific Community Noumea, New Caledonia 2006 © Copyright Secretariat of the Pacific Community 2006 All rights for commercial / for profit reproduction or translation, in any form, reserved. The SPC authorises the partial reproduction or translation of this material for scientific, educational or research purposes, provided the SPC and the source document are properly acknowledged. Permission to reproduce the document and/or translate in whole, in any form, whether for commercial / for profit or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing. Original SPC artwork may not be altered or separately published without permission. This field report forms part of a series compiled by the Fisheries Development Section of the Secretariat of the Pacific Community’s Coastal Fisheries Programme. These reports have been produced as a record of individual project activities and country assignments, from materials held within the Section, with the aim of making this valuable information readily accessible. Each report in this series has been compiled within the Fisheries Development Section to a technical standard acceptable for release into the public arena. Secretariat of the Pacific Community BP D5 98848 Noumea Cedex New Caledonia Tel: (687) 26 20 00 Fax: (687) 26 38 18 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.spc.int/coastfish Prepared at Secretariat of the Pacific Community headquarters Noumea, New Caledonia, 2006 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Secretariat of the Pacific Community acknowledges with gratitude the cooperation and assistance extended to the Fisheries Development Officer by the National Fisheries College (NFC) staff and staff of the Coastal Fisheries Management Development Project (CFMDP) during his term in Kavieng. SPC would like to acknowledge the following people for their direct assistance to the project: Mr John Kasu, NFA Corporate Manager; Mr Tatek Buraik, Principal of NFC; Mr John Adani, acting Deputy Principal of NFC; Mr Julius Onkau, NFC, Certificate in Fishing Operations (CFO) tutor and training vessel skipper; Mr Charles Nemil, CFO tutor; Mr Bibia Mai, CFO tutor; and Mr George Yowai, NFC- CFO Engineer assistant. SPC would also like to extend special gratitude to Mr Samol Kanawi, NFC Masterfisherman; Mr Peter Watt, CFMDP Community Fisheries Adviser; Mr Kaius Mai, NFC-CFO Fishing Technician; and Mr Malakai Komai; NFC-CFO Fishing Technical assistant/FTV Leilani crew; for assisting the Fisheries Development Officer in constructing FADs and the nets for baitfishing, and for the teamwork and assistance in deploying the FADs and carrying out the baitfishing exercises. iii SUMMARY The National Fisheries College (NFC), through the National Fisheries Authority (NFA) of Papua New Guinea, requested technical assistance from the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) to assist the Coastal Fishing Operations (CFO) staff of the NFC implement and assess the development of the first Commercial Fishing Operations 3 (CFO3) course that was taught at the college. NFA also requested SPC to assist in the experiment of small-scale bait catching methods using nets for possible development in the future. At the same time, the Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project (CFMDP), requested SPC’s assistance to implement an inshore FAD awareness and development programme for the coastal communities of New Ireland. The SPC’s Fisheries Development Officer, William Sokimi, was assigned to Kavieng in Papua New Guinea to assist with these assignments, which were conducted simultaneously at times. While working with the NFC’s CFO staff to implement the CFO3 course, it was observed that the operations management procedures were not being implemented as recommended following the AusAID NFC Strengthening Project. Some of the regulations were altered or by-passed by several of the college’s key staff to accommodate personal ideals leading to low staff moral and gradual deterioration of the college’s management system and organisational structure. In addition, several strategic positions essential for the efficiency of college operations were filled with temporary (acting) staff that were not trained or had experience in that position. Fortunately though, a confirmed appointment was made for the Principal’s position and this stabilised the situation tremendously. Other recommendations are made in the report in regard to the planning and operation of the different courses. The work with CFMDP involved rigging five low cost FADs; site surveys using basic materials and simple techniques that can be used by the coastal fishers; deployment of the FADs in inshore areas recommended by the fishing communities; demonstrating fishing methods associated with FADs; and advising the villages on how to maintain their FADs. Two weeks after the first FADs were deployed at Lavongai and Tioputuk, word was that the FADs had already aggregated large schools of fish and the village fishermen were experiencing better catches. A week later villages close to the other FADs sent in similar reports. A month later the Ngoto (Kunevulit) FAD was vandalised but still intact and with a large school of fish aggregated in the area, while the Nanovaul FAD was gone. This FAD had been removed by one of the villagers overseeing the FAD. During this project, two lift net methods were trialed, the Bouke-ami and the Basnig type lift net, which used light attraction during moonless nights to enhance catches. Thirteen sets were carried out over four nights; 10 Bouke-ami sets over three nights and 3 Basnig sets in one night. The baiting trials proved that there was good potential for further development. After the initially training the crew over four sets during the first trial, all sets after that resulted in approximately 200 kg scoops with the potential to net more given more training and practise. Only 50 kg were taken each time for the participant’s domestic use and the rest released. Bait species identified during the baiting trials made close comparisons with sardinella (Sardinella lemuru, Sardinella melanura, Amblygaster sirm), anchovy (Thryssa mystax, Stolephorus waitei, Encrasicholina punctifer, Encrasicholina devisi), cardinal (Apogon fragilis), scad (Selar crumenophthalmus), silversides (Hypoatherina barnesi) and sprats (Spratelloides lewisi). v RÉSUMÉ L’Institut d’études halieutiques (NFC), par le truchement du Service national des pêches de la Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, a demandé l’assistance technique de la Communauté du Pacifique (CPS) afin d’aider le personnel de la section des Opérations de pêche côtière (CFO) de l’Institut à organiser et évaluer le premier cours sur les opérations de pêche commerciale, niveau 3 (CFO3), dispensé à l’Institut. Le Service national des pêches a également sollicité la CPS afin de tester des méthodes de capture artisanale de poissons-appâts à l’aide de filets, pour un éventuel développement futur. Par la même occasion, les responsables du Projet de gestion et de développement de la pêche côtière (CFMDP) ont demandé le soutien de la CPS pour la mise en œuvre d’un programme d’information et de développement de dispositifs côtiers de concentration du poisson (DCP) s’adressant aux communautés côtières de la Nouvelle-Irlande. William Sokimi, Chargé du développement de la pêche à la CPS, a été affecté à Kavieng en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée pour mener à bien ces projets, conduits simultanément. C’est en travaillant avec le personnel de la section CFO de l’Institut d’études halieutiques sur la mise en place de la formation CFO3 que l’on a remarqué que les procédures de gestion des opérations n’ont pas été appliquées comme le recommande le Projet de soutien de l’Institut d’études halieutiques, financé par l’AusAID. Certaines règles ont été remaniées ou contournées par plusieurs membres éminents de l’Institut pour satisfaire des convictions personnelles, engendrant ainsi une dégradation du climat social et une détérioration progressive du système de gestion de l’Institut et de sa structure interne. Par ailleurs, plusieurs postes stratégiques essentiels à la bonne conduite des opérations de l’Institut ont été attribués à du personnel temporaire, sans formation et non-expérimenté. Heureusement, une personne compétente a cependant été nommée au poste de Directeur, ce qui a permis de réduire considérablement les tensions. D’autres recommandations sont formulées dans le rapport à propos du calendrier et du fonctionnement des différentes formations. Les travaux effectués dans le cadre du Projet étaient les suivants : mise en place de cinq DCP peu onéreux ; réalisation d’études de site à l’aide de matériaux et de techniques simples, utilisables par les pêcheurs côtiers ; mouillage de DCP dans des zones côtières sur les conseils des communautés de pêcheurs : démonstration de méthodes de pêche autour de DCP et conseils prodigués aux villageois sur l’entretien de leurs DCP. Deux semaines après le mouillage des premiers DCP au large de Lavongai et de Tioputuk, on signale la présence de grands bancs de poissons, et les pêcheurs de ces villages enregistraient de meilleures prises. La semaine suivante, les villages proches des autres DCP faisaient des observations similaires. Un mois plus tard, le DCP de Ngoto (Kunevulit), qui avait été vandalisé mais qui était resté intact, attirait un grand banc de poissons dans la zone, alors que celui de Nanovaul avait disparu. Ce dernier avait été enlevé par un des villageois chargé de surveiller. Au cours de ce projet, deux méthodes de pêche au carrelet ont été testées : la technique bouke- ami et la technique basnig, qui utilisent des sources lumineuses durant les nuits sans lune afin d’accroître le nombre de prises. En quatre nuits, treize calées ont été réalisées : dix avec le filet de type bouke-ami, en trois nuits, et trois avec le filet de type basnig, en une nuit.