LWW 4Th-8Th Study Guide Feb. 8 FINAL 3

Theatre for Youth and Families

______

Dramatized by le Clanché du Rand Based on the book by C.S. Lewis

Directed by Rosemary Newcott

Study Guide, Grades 4-8

Created as part of the Alliance Arts for Learning Institute Dramaturgy by Students program 6th grade Jr. Dramaturgs of The Friends School of Atlanta Under the guidance of Barry Stewart Mann, Alliance Arts for Learning Institute Teaching Artist, and Johnny Pride, Language Arts Teacher at the Friends School of Atlanta

At the Alliance Theatre, February 27—March 20, 2016

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Study Guide

Dear Educators: Welcome to the Alliance Theatre’s production of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe! This Study Guide was created by the Junior Dramaturgs of the Friends School of Atlanta for use by the teacher and student audience of the play. We hope this helps you prepare to see the play and to reflect together afterward. Your Junior Dramaturgs

Table of Contents A note from the director, Rosemary Newcott 3 Content Standards in English Language Arts and Theatre 3 The Author and the Story 4 The Playwright 4 The Lion: Lions in Literature and Film 5 The Witch: Witches in Literature and Film 6 The Wardrobe: Portals to Other Dimensions 7 The Characters: Dating Profiles 8 The Characters: Mythical Creatures 9 The Setting: Narnia 10 The Setting: World War II and the Bombing of London 10 The Conflict: Sibling Rivalry 11 The Food: Turkish Delight 12 Stage Combat 13 Riddles 14 If C.S. Lewis Had Drawn a Blank: A Fill-It-In Ad Lib Story 15-16 Answer Keys 17 Resources 18 Friends School of Atlanta Junior Dramaturgs 18

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Study Guide for Grades 4-8 2 A Note from the Director: Rosemary Newcott the Sally G. Tomlinson Artistic Director of Theatre for Youth and Families We need this story now more than ever! The Theme of the production is TRANSFORMATION We have the power to overcome darkness -and this power can be summoned within us at any age. We should always have hope and courage and believe this is true.

The Lion The Witch The Wardrobe

Before- and After-the-Play Questions from the director, Rosemary Newcott ◊ To which of the characters do you relate the most and why? ◊ How would you create a magical wardrobe on stage? ◊ If you suddenly became a King or Queen in Narnia, what would you do as a ruler?

Language Arts Core Curriculum Standards CCRR3. Analyze how and why individuals, events and ideas develop and interact over the course of a text. CCRR4. Interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative and figurative meanings and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone CCRL3. Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening. CCRSL2. Integrate and evaluate information presented in diverse media and formats, including visually, quantitatively, and orally.

Theatre Standards (GPS) TAES 1. Analyzing and constructing meaning from theatrical experiences, dramatic literature, and electronic media TAES 8. Examining the roles of theatre as a reflection of past and present civilizations. TAES 11. Engaging actively and appropriately as an audience member in theatre or other media experiences.

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Study Guide for Grades 4-8 3 The Author and the Story

Clive Staples Lewis was born in Belfast, Ireland, on November 29, 1898. He enlisted in the British Army in 1917 and was wounded in the Battle of Arras in France. He served on the English faculty at Oxford University, where he was friends with J.R.R. Tolkien, author of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. In 1931, Lewis converted to Christianity, and he later broadcast talks about his religious beliefs. Over his lifetime, he published many books, of both fictions and no-fiction. He died on November 22, 1963, just seven days short of his

65th birthday. Like many other people in England during World War II, C.S. Lewis took in children who had been evacuated from their homes because of the Nazi air raids on London. He didn’t have any children of his own, and the children were a little intimidated by him, because he was an old man. So he decided the best way he could entertain them would be to tell them stories. One of those stories became the basis of the fantasy series for which he is best known, The Chronicles of Narnia. The series consists of 7 books: The Lion, Witch and the Wardrobe (1950), Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia (1951), The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (1952), The Silver Chair (1953), The Horse and His Boy (1954), The Magician’s Nephew, (1955), and The Last Battle (1956). The series has sold over 100 million copies, been translated into 47 different languages, and been adapted into several films.

The Playwright

Le Clanché du Rand is an actress, playwright, and drama therapist. Originally from South Africa, she has performed in numerous plays on Broadway, on national tours throughout the U.S., and in the nation’s leading regional theatres. She has also appeared in well-known films including Awakenings and Sleepless in Seattle. She has adapted and published several plays for young people in addition to The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. This adaptation was originally created for touring through Lincoln Center Institute in New York.

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Study Guide for Grades 4-8 4 The Lion: Lions in Life and Literature

A group of 10-15 lions is called a pride. Females do 85-90% of the work in the prides! In the wild, lions live about 12-16 years, but in captivity, they can live up to 25 years! Lions can run as fast as 18kmph (about 11 miles). Lions hunt only big animals, and need from 11 pounds (for females) to 15 pounds (for males) of meat each day. Female lions need about 5kg (about 11 pounds) of meat a day. An adult male’s roar can be heard about 5 miles away. Aslan, the ‘Lion’ of the story’s title, is one of a large ‘pride’ of lions in literature and film. Throughout human history, lions have served as a symbol of bravery and courage. Known as “The King of the Jungle,” lions are used to depict strength and royalty, and the lion has been the symbol of England since the middle ages.

Besides Aslan, other famous lions include: Leo (constellation and zodiac sign) Daniel and the Lion’s den (Biblical story) Nemean lion (Hercules’ first labor, from Greek mythology) The Yali (mythical lion from Hindu mythology) Leo (mascot of the film company Metro Goldwyn Mayer) The Cowardly Lion (The Wizard of Oz) Elsa the Lioness (Born Free) Simba (The Lion King) Alex the Lion (Madagascar) King Moonracer (ruler of the Island of Misfit Toys in Rudolph the Red-Nosed-Reindeer)

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Study Guide for Grades 4-8 5 The Witch: Witches in Literature and Film

Though there are many different types of witches in literature and film, what they generally share in common is that they are female and they have supernatural powers. Witches are often considered evil, but that is not always true. Throughout history, though men have sometimes been accused of witchcraft, the main targets of such charges have been women, especially women who did not fit in or follow society’s norms. Nowadays, in the U.S., witches are associated with Halloween, and ride on brooms. But there have been witches in stories and myths since the very beginning. The White Witch is not alone!

Some Famous Witches: Samantha Stephens (Bewitched, 1960’s TV sitcom) Medusa and Medea (Greek Mythology) Ursula the Sea Witch (The Little Mermaid, Circe (The Odyssey, epic poem by Homer) from Hans Christian Andersen) The Weird Sisters (from The Grand High Witch (The Witches, William Shakespeare’s Macbeth) by Roald Dahl) Strega Nona (Italian folklore) Elphaba (Wicked, musical play The Wicked Witch of the West and the by Gregory Maguire) Good Witch of the North (The Mildred Hubble (The Worst Witch series, Wizard of Oz, by L. Frank Baum) by Jill Murphy

Medusa, by Bernini; The Three Witches of Shakespeare’s Macbeth, by Daniel Gardner; the cast of Bewitched.

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Study Guide for Grades 4-8 6 The Wardrobe: Portals to Other Dimensions There really aren’t any other famous wardrobes in literature or film – maybe that’s why C.S. Lewis chose it for his story. But there are plenty of stories with portals – a doorway or entry point - that lead from one reality to another. Here are some portals to think about – see if you can name the work of literature and the author for each (answers on page 17): 1. A Garden: a sickly, unhappy child in India enters a secret garden and escapes her troubled life. 2. A Tornado: a beleaguered girl on a farm in rural Kansas is whirled away to a fantastical world full of delight, danger, odd creatures, and an elusive wizard. 3. A Book: as a father reads to his daughter from a mysterious book, the fiction comes to life as the characters appear, catching the girl up in an incredible adventure. 4. A Tollbooth: a bored boy escapes to a world of endless fascination and wit through a mysterious tollbooth that arrives in the mail. 5. A Red Pill: a computer hacker takes a red pill and enters an alternate reality in which the laws of physics are skewed and humans must battle a race of intelligent machines. 6. A Window: three siblings are whisked out the window and away to a land where pirates dwell, faeries abound and the Lost Boys offer refuge. 7. A Rope Swing: two unlikely friends escape the challenges of school bullies by imagining a mythical land just a rope-swing across a nearby creek, where they confront various creatures and, eventually, the reality of death. 8. A Tree House: a brother and sister duo discover that their tree house and some spells can transport them to distant settings and thrilling adventures. 9. A Train Platform: a boy learns that he is a wizard and travels to an otherworldly school through a fractionally-numbered train platform that ordinary people can’t see. 10. A Locked Door: a girl ignores advice and goes through a locked basement door to a mirror world where she must rescue herself and the souls of people trapped by her “other mother.” 11. Space-Time Fabric: a girl, her brother, and a friend are transported through a fold in the fabric of space-time called a ‘tesseract’ to another dimension in search of their brilliant scientist father. 12. A Rabbit Hole: a dreamy girl in a stuffy English family falls down a rabbit hole to a fantastical land that is whimsical and odd, yet dangerous and exciting.

If you could design a portal to another dimension, what would it be?

What would the other dimension be like?

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Study Guide for Grades 4-8 7 The Characters: Dating Profiles

Welcome to E-Narnia Log-in ______

Lucy Pevensie Aslan

Me: I am a fun curious girl with two brothers and one Age: immortal (who’s counting?) sister. And one time, I went to a place called Narnia. I went Job: Lord of Narnia, Losers! using a magic wardrobe portal!!! It was so fun!!! Species: Lion Likes: Teatime, adventures, portals Hobbies: Witch hunting, obsessively brushing mane Hobbies: Portal jumping, being curious Likes: Balls of yarn, steak, Meow Mix, sharp claws, soft fur, Annoyances: Little brothers, not being believed brushes, boxes, fish, lionesses, Narnia, humans, king-size cat beds, roaring, mirrors, Lion King, Iams, Cats 101, Cat Fancy, Fancy Feast Annoyances: Witches, statues, cucumbers, wolves, dogs, snow.

Samuel Norbert Tumnus White Witch

Likes: Sitting by the fire, tidying the cave, and delivering Description: I am an Evil Witch who likes destroying packages things. Age: 23 Likes: Forests, destroying things, being mean, long walks Dislikes: Broken packages, untidy cave, broken unbrellas over the frozen tundra Favorite things: Hot chocolate, Grandma Tumnus’ cookies, Annoyances: Kids, people, traitors, anyone who does not new umbrellas, first class packages adore me If you would like to start a chat with me, please email me at Hobbies: Killing, rudeness, gardening. [email protected]

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Study Guide for Grades 4-8 8 The Characters: Mythical Creatures

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe includes a variety of mythical creatures. Mythical and fantasy creatures and beings have been around for as long as there have been stories. There is the White Witch, of course, and Mr. Tumnus, who is a faun. And in the battle at the end, there are giants and ogres and dwarves. The differences between some creatures can be confusing. Here is a little guide to a few of those human/animal hybrids that come from ancient mythology: Fauns are goat from the waist down, and human from the waist up. They are untrustworthy, deceptive, yet peaceful creatures. All they’re good for is stealing and tricking - with the exception of Mr. Tumnus, of course. Fauns come from Roman mythology. One of the first images C.S. Lewis had for writing the story was that of a faun holding an umbrella and a package. Satyrs, like their relatives the fauns, satyrs are also half-goat and half-human. But they are peaceful, gentle, and kind to the earth, to animals, and to humans. They’re great companions, and in modern literature, many satyrs hide amongst humans. Satyrs are from Greek mythology. Centaurs are human from the waist up, and horse from the waist down. They usually despise humans, but there are some that are peaceful to all. They fight with bows and arrows. They stick to the trees, and protect the earth.

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Study Guide for Grades 4-8 9 The Setting: Narnia

Narnia is an imaginary land with unusual names and locations within it. Many people have created maps of this land to help them visualize it. Here’s one:

The Setting: England During World War II

During World War II, Hitler and Nazi Germany wanted to destroy England from the air. This massive attack was called the ‘Blitz,’ from the German word blitzkrieg, which means lightning war. In the first four days of September 1939, nearly 3,000,000 people were moved from homes that were in danger from enemy bombers to places of safety in the countryside. Most were schoolchildren, who were labeled like pieces of luggage, separated from their parents and accompanied instead by a small army of guardians - 100,000 teachers. It was an amazing achievement, because it involved many logistical challenges and high levels of coordination. The order “Evacuate forthwith” was issued on Thursday morning, August 31, 1939. It was called Operation Pied Piper. The children who came to stay at C.S. Lewis’s house were part of this process.

Where would you want to go if your city or town were under attack?

How would you feel about leaving all your belongings behind?

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Study Guide for Grades 4-8 10 The Conflict: Sibling Rivalry

Any good story needs a conflict, and the conflict in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is about the struggle between Good and Evil. Aslan represents good, and the White Witch represents evil. Another conflict that happens on a more human level is sibling rivalry. Sibling rivalry is when siblings fight or get jealous of one another. It can happen between just two siblings, or as many as there are in a family. When siblings fight it becomes very stressful for a family. There is a lot of sibling rivalry in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. One example is when the White Witch says that Edmund can be prince and his siblings can be his servants. She is trying to turn him against Peter, Susan and Lucy. And he agrees to such a thing! It is also there when Edmund has found Narnia, but he does not want to tell them that there was a place because he was jealous that Lucy had found it first.

Do you have siblings? Do you get caught up in sibling rivalry? Why?

What can you do to avoid or resolve sibling rivalry?

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Study Guide for Grades 4-8 11 The Food: Turkish Delight

We checked Yahoo Answers and found this pretty easy recipe for Turkish Delight. You can make this with or without the nuts. Turkish delight comes in many flavors such as rosewater, pomegranate and pistachio, tangerine

1 1/2 cups water 3 cups granulated sugar 3 tablespoons light corn syrup 1/2 cup orange juice 3 tablespoons orange zest 3 (.25 ounce) envelopes, unflavored gelatin 3/4 cup cornstarch 1/2 cup cold water 1 tablespoon vanilla extract 3/4 cup chopped pistachio nuts confectioners' sugar for dusting

Bring 1 1/2 cups water, sugar, and corn syrup to a boil over medium-high heat in a large saucepan. Cook, stirring frequently, until the temperature reaches 240 degrees F (115 degrees C) on a candy thermometer. Set aside and keep hot. Stir together orange juice and orange zest, sprinkle with gelatin, and set aside. In a small bowl, dissolve cornstarch in 1/2 cup cold water, then stir into hot syrup. Place over medium-low heat, and simmer, stirring gently, until very thick. Remove syrup from heat, stir in orange juice mixture, vanilla, and pistachios. Sprinkle an 8x8-inch pan generously with confectioners' sugar. Pour the Turkish delight into the pan, and let cool in a cool, dry place (not the refrigerator) until set, 3 to 4 hours. When cool, sprinkle the top with another thick layer of powdered sugar. Cut into 1-inch squares, and dredge each well with confectioners' sugar. Store at room temperature in an airtight container.

[Thanks to the Junior Dramaturgs at Clairemont Elementary School and The Museum School for the research that went into creating this page.]

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Study Guide for Grades 4-8 12 Stage Combat

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe has an epic battle between the White Witch’s army and her enemies at the end. Producing such a story on the stage brings up the question, “How do we make a fight look real?” Making fights on stage look real is called stage combat. At the most basic level, stage combat is about safely performing fight moves on stage while remaining fully committed and safe. Conflict is the essence of great theatre, film, and television. Many plays, movies and television shows include scenes in which the conflict becomes physical. It may be a simple push or slap, or an extended sword fight. The first rule of stage combat is safety. To ensure that this rule is followed, the victim is always in control. It only looks like the attacker is in charge, but in reality, the actor being attacked must have full control of any forceful movements. Partners in a fight scene follow a clear sequence for each move:

Prepare: make eye contact before a strike, and wind up for a punch, slap or kick. Strike: execute the attacking move. Follow through: continue the movement of the strike to show realistic force React: acts out the impact and effects of a strike.

A hand-to-hand combat sequence can involve a variety of moves, all carefully choreographed and rehearsed, and each with its specific technique for execution. Moves include: hair and ear pulls, slaps, punches (roundhouse, jab, uppercut, stomach punch), kicks, and chokes. Swordfighting, of course, has its own detailed set of techniques, as does combat including other weapons. While children often play-fight for fun, true Stage Combat, with or without props, is a disciplined art form that demands focus, care, communication, and collaboration.

The Battle of Bosworth Field, A Scene from the Great Drama of History

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Study Guide for Grades 4-8 13 Riddles

1. What did the White Witch say when Aslan asked her how old she was?

2. What did Mr. Tumnus say when he won the race?

3. When does Mr. Tumnus go out?

4. What kind of witch goes to the beach?

5. What do you call a lost faun?

6. What do you call a fibbing cat?

7. What do you call two witches who live together?

Name these lost books of C.S. Lewis based on their cover blurbs:

1. “Four children wander through a wardrobe into a land full of automobiles.”

2. “Four children wander through a wardrobe into a land full of pubs and taverns.”

3. “Four children wander through a wardrobe into a land covered in gooey black stuff.”

4. “Four children wander through a wardrobe into a land where there is a small unmanned flying military craft.”

5. “Four children wander into an important meeting at a large corporation involving Aslan and the White Witch.”

(Answers on page 17)

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Study Guide for Grades 4-8 14 If C.S. Lewis Had Drawn a Blank . . . a Fill-It-In Ad Lib Story

The ______, the Witch, and the ______(animal) (piece of furniture)

The four Pevensie children—Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy—are evacuated to the country house of a ______during the______. There they (occupation) (historical event) discover a magic ______that allows them to pass into ______, (title piece of furniture) (place name) a world inhabited by ______animals and ruled by the ______Witch. (verb, with –ing) (adjective)

Since coming into power, the Witch has held ______in an eternal winter, never (same place name) permitting ______or spring; all of ______has been waiting for the (holiday other than Christmas) (same place name) return of Aslan, the ______and Lord of ______, to overcome the (title animal) (same place name)

Witch and ______the land. Lucy befriends a ______, Mr. Tumnus, who (verb) (mythical creature) is immediately arrested by the Witch for ______with a human; unbeknownst to (verb with –ing) the children, she has demanded that any humans be brought to her ______, for (adverb) there is a prophecy that when ______humans take the empty thrones at Cair (number)

Paravel, ______will be banished from ______. (abstract noun) (same place name)

The Witch seduces Edmund with ______and tricks him into (kind of food)

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Study Guide for Grades 4-8 15 betraying his siblings; the other three, befriended by a kindly ______(animal) couple, escape to meet the newly-returned Aslan. The Witch pursues them, but when she discovers that they have already met with Aslan she decides to

______Edmund, thus ruining the ______. At the last moment Edmund (verb) (noun) is rescued, and after speaking with Aslan is forgiven his ______behavior. (adjective)

The Witch, however, demands the death of Edmund as a traitor to his

______, for it is part of the ______Magic of ______that all traitors (group of people) (adjective) (same place name) are her ______; after much discussion, Aslan offers himself instead. In doing (noun) so, however, he tricks the Witch; she is so eager to ______him that she does (verb) not realize she will be spilling innocent ______in place of a traitor’s, and (liquid) that to do so will break her power and cause death itself to reverse. Thus Susan and

Lucy, caring for the body of Aslan, soon find that he is not dead but ______. He (adjective) returns to the battle now raging between his ______and the Witch’s, and (noun)

______her. Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy take their rightful thrones at (verb ending with –s)

Cair Paravel, and rule in peace for ______. (units of time)

(adapted from the synopsis found at http://www.bookdrum.com/books/the-lion-the-witch- and-the-wardrobe/9780064471046/summary.html)

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Study Guide for Grades 4-8 16 Answer Keys

Portals to Other Dimensions, p. 7

1. The Secret Garden, by Frances Hodgson Burnett 2. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, by L. Frank Baum (and a 1939 film) 3. Inkheart, by Cornelia Funke (and a 2008 film) 4. The Phantom Tollbooth, by Norton Juster 5. The Matrix, 1999 film by Andy and Lana Wachowski 6. Peter Pan, by J. M. Barrie 7. Bridge to Terabithia by Katherine Paterson 8. The Magic Tree House series, by Mary Pope Osborne 9. Harry Potter Series, by J.K. Rowling (and a film series) 10. Coraline, by Neil Gaiman (and a 2009 film) 11. A Wrinkle in Time, by Madeleine L’Engle 12. Alice in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll

Riddles and Jokes, p. 14

1. What did the White Witch say when Aslan asked her how old she was? Narnia business! 2. What did Mr. Tumnus say when he won the race? It’s all faun and games around here! 3. When does Mr. Tumnus go out? On Satyr-day night. 4. What kind of witch goes to the beach? A sand-witch. 5. What do you call a lost faun? A lost faun . . . duh! 6. What do you call a fibbing cat? A little white lion. 7. What do you call two witches who live together? Broom-mates.

Name these lost books of C.S. Lewis:

1. Four children wander through a wardrobe into a land full of automobiles: The Chronicles of Carnia 2. Four children wander through a wardrobe into a land full of pubs and taverns The Chronicles of Barnia 3. Four children wander through a wardrobe into a land of gooey black stuff The Chronicles of Tarnia 4. Four children wander through a wardrobe into a land where there is a small unmanned flying military craft The Lion, the Witch, and the War-Drone 5. Four children wander into an important meeting at a large corporation involving Aslan and the White Witch. The Lion, the Witch, and the Boardroom

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Study Guide for Grades 4-8 17 References and Resources

C. S. Lewis’s official website: https://www.cslewis.com/us Famous lions in literature: http://humor.gunaxin.com/15-famous-lions/118279 Fauns: http://mythology.wikia.com/wiki/Faun Lion facts: http://www.ngkids.co.uk/animals/10-lion-facts Plot summary: http://www.bookdrum.com/books/the-lion-the-witch-and-the- wardrobe/9780064471046/summary.html Portals in Science Fiction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portals_in_fiction Sibling rivalry: http://www.med.umich.edu/yourchild/topics/sibriv.htm Stage Combat (British Academy of Stage and Screen Combat): www.bassc.org Turkish Delight recipe: http://www.epicurious.com/tools/searchresults?search=non+evil+turkish+delight Witches: https://www.salemwitchmuseum.com/ WW II evacuees: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/britain_wwtwo/evacuees_01.shtml

Note: All images in this Study Guide were created by the Junior Dramaturgs or obtained via online searches limited to images licensed for public use under standard Fair Use rules.

Friends School of Atlanta Junior Dramaturgs: (bottom row, from left) Jack Wagner, Oliver Curry, Jonah D’Ambrosio, Gigi Moss, Danica Joseph, Carson Chang, Ila Tschirhart; (second row) Kavi Dodge, Spencer Vaughn, Aaron Jones, Roën Rosenberg, Riley Moore, Devlin McIntyre, Téa Dow; (third row) Language Arts teacher Johnny Pride, Max Vigilante, Reese Chang, Jesse Fineman, Dennis DiSantis, Ka’Ron Strickland, Dianne Niyera, Miriam Green, Alliance Theatre teaching artist Barry Stewart Mann; (top row) Zac Thilo, Dana Nelson, Declan Butts, Naomi Wurtzel, Zoe Maxson, Adelyn Yanuzzi, Catie Rooks, Ashley Elder, Grace Dobson. Not pictured: Connor Moore, Logan Davies.

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Study Guide for Grades 4-8 18