DOCSLIB.ORG

Alternative Livelihood Options to Facilitate Coal Sector Restructuring

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Alternative Livelihood Options to Facilitate Coal Sector Restructuring TA4680-PRC Alternative Livelihood Options to Facilitate Coal Sector Restructuring Final Report March 2007 Asian Development Bank TA4680-PRC Alternative Livelihood Options to Facilitate Coal Sector Restructuring Disclaimer 1. This report is intended solely for the use of China National Coal Association (CNCA), Governments of Jiaozuo and China and Asian Development Bank (ADB) and should not be referred to or distributed for any other purpose without our written consent. 2. For purposes of the exercise, we have used primary data obtained from the Jiaozuo local Government and the Jiaozuo Coal Group as well as secondary data obtained from relevant sources, which we believe to be reliable and our assessment and recommendations are dependent on such information being complete and accurate in all material respects. We disclaim all liability to any third party who may place reliance on this report and therefore does not assume responsibility for any loss or damage suffered by any such third party in reliance thereon. 3. Assumptions on expected manning requirements against proposed projects during the 11th five year plan are indicative and have been based on benchmarking with current industry standards. 4. PricewaterhouseCoopers Private Limited (PwC) makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the information used in this report and shall have no liability for any representations (expressed or implied) contained in, or for any omission from, this report. Furthermore PwC will not be bound to discuss, explain or reply to queries raised by any agency other than the intended recipients of this report. PricewaterhouseCoopers Contents 1. Executive Summary.................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 8 2.1. Objectives of the assignment .............................................................................................................. 9 3. Methodology and Approach ..................................................................................................................... 11 3.1. Methodology..................................................................................................................................... 11 3.2. Our approach .................................................................................................................................... 12 3.2.1. Kick off meeting ....................................................................................................................... 12 3.2.2. First field visit to the city of Jiaozuo......................................................................................... 12 3.2.3. Inception Report........................................................................................................................ 13 3.2.4. Second field visit to the city of Jiaozuo .................................................................................... 13 3.2.5. First workshop with key stakeholders....................................................................................... 14 4. Setting the Baseline .................................................................................................................................. 16 4.1. Overview of Jiaozuo’s economy and industrial development .......................................................... 16 4.2. Coal Sector Restructuring in Jiaozuo................................................................................................ 18 4.3. Socio-economic profile of the displaced miners............................................................................... 19 4.3.1. Age Mix .................................................................................................................................... 19 4.3.2. Education Mix........................................................................................................................... 20 4.3.3. Income mix ............................................................................................................................... 21 4.4. Existing training facilities................................................................................................................. 21 4.5. Existing social protection policies .................................................................................................... 22 4.5.1. Old Age Insurance .................................................................................................................... 22 4.5.2. Basic Living Allowance............................................................................................................ 23 4.5.3. Unemployment Insurance ......................................................................................................... 23 4.5.4. MLSS........................................................................................................................................ 24 4.5.5. Medical Insurance..................................................................................................................... 24 4.5.6. Work Related Injuries Insurance............................................................................................... 24 4.5.7. Maternity Insurance .................................................................................................................. 25 4.5.8. Education for children............................................................................................................... 25 4.6. Assessment of socio-economic protection levels.............................................................................. 26 4.7. Existing environment regeneration policies...................................................................................... 28 4.7.1. Environmental baseline in Jiaozuo and opportunities............................................................... 30 5. Redeployment Options and Challenges.................................................................................................... 32 5.1. Proposed Jiaozuo Coal Group projects............................................................................................. 32 5.2. Other key projects in Jiaozuo as outlined in the 11th 5 year plan...................................................... 33 5.3. Tourism for Economic Development................................................................................................ 35 5.4. New projects in Henan and neighboring provinces .......................................................................... 36 5.5. Leveraging foreign direct investment (FDI) for economic development.......................................... 37 5.6. Supply side analysis.......................................................................................................................... 38 5.7. Summary of opportunities and challenges........................................................................................ 38 6. National and International Case Studies................................................................................................... 40 6.1. The Shanxi experience...................................................................................................................... 40 6.2. The Shanghai experience.................................................................................................................. 41 6.3. The Lorraine Experience .................................................................................................................. 41 6.4. British Coal Enterprise and restructuring of the UK coal industry................................................... 42 6.5. The Ruhrgebiet experience ............................................................................................................... 43 7. Recommendations .................................................................................................................................... 45 7.1. Augmenting economic development through FDI............................................................................ 45 7.2. Considering tourism as the sixth pillar of Jiaozuo’s economy.......................................................... 45 7.3. Redeployment and training............................................................................................................... 46 7.3.1. Redeployment strategy.............................................................................................................. 46 7.3.2. Retraining.................................................................................................................................. 47 7.4. Employment Resource Centre (ERC)............................................................................................... 50 7.4.1. Rational of setting up the ERC and the required institutional arrangements ............................ 50 PricewaterhouseCoopers Asian Development Bank TA4680-PRC Alternative Livelihood Options to Facilitate Coal Sector Restructuring 7.4.2. Scope of work for the ERC ....................................................................................................... 51 7.4.3. Manning requirements for the ERC .......................................................................................... 52 7.5. Jiaozuo Coal
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Review Statement of World Biosphere Reserve [ July 2013 ]
    Review Statement of World Biosphere Reserve [ July 2013 ] Prefeace According to the Resolution 28 C/2.4 on Statutory Framework of MAB (Man and Biosphere) Program passed on the 28th session of the UNESCO General Conference, Article 4 has been clearly identified as the criteria which shall be followed by biosphere reserves. In addition, it is stipulated in Article 9 that a Decennium Review shall be conducted on the world biosphere reserve every a decade, this Review shall be based on the report prepared by the relevant authority; the Review result shall be submitted to the relevant national secretariat. The related text of Statutory Framework is attached in Annex 3. This Review Statement will be helpful for each country preparing national reports and update data as stipulated in Article 9, and the secretariat timely accessing to data associated with the biosphere reserve. This Statement shall contribute to the inspection of MAB ICC on the biosphere reserve, and judge whether it can meet all criteria mentioned in Article 9 of the Legal Framework, especially three major functions. It shall be noted that is required to specify how the biosphere reserve achieves the various criteria in the last part of the Statement (Criteria and Progress). The information from Decennium Review will be used by UNESCO for the following purposes: (a) Inspection of the relevant autorities of International Advisory Committee and MAB ICC on the biosphere reserve; and (b) the world's information system, especially the UNESCO's MAB network and publications, so as to promote communication among people concerned the world biosphere reserve and influence each other.
    [Show full text]
  • Internal Ex-Post Evaluation for Technical Cooperation Project
    Internal Ex-Post Evaluation for Technical Cooperation Project conducted by China Office: January, 2020 Country Name Project for Strengthening of Health Education for Prevention of Infectious Diseases People’s Republic of China through Family Health I. Project Outline Thirty years had passed since the implementation of family planning policy in the People’s Republic of China. In consequence, the birth rate had decreased, while some issues had emerged, such as the disproportionate ratio of male to female, and a drastic increase in migrant population. In other words, population issues had changed from a quantitative to a qualitative issue. In terms of health administration, the family planning system, which controls the family planning as well as the narrowly-defined “reproductive health (1)”, had a full-fledged network from the central down to the village level. Meanwhile, the health care system, which controls the maternal and child health as well as public health services, had some weaknesses in networks of rural areas. In this regard, the National Population and Family Planning Commission (hereafter, “NPFPC”) started to take some roles in promoting the maternal and child health as well as public health services, and their services were to reach to individual households of the entire population. Under the circumstances, the JICA technical cooperation project, namely “Project for Capacity Building of Reproductive Health and Family Care Service in Central and Western Region (2006-2009)” was carried out, which aimed at health improvement of the rural population by establishing family health services(2) as well as the capacity Background enhancement of health care providers at the NPFPC.
    [Show full text]
  • Henan Wastewater Management and Water Supply Sector Project (11 Wastewater Management and Water Supply Subprojects)
    Environmental Assessment Report Summary Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 34473-01 February 2006 PRC: Henan Wastewater Management and Water Supply Sector Project (11 Wastewater Management and Water Supply Subprojects) Prepared by Henan Provincial Government for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The summary environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 02 February 2006) Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.12 $1.00 = CNY8.06 The CNY exchange rate is determined by a floating exchange rate system. In this report a rate of $1.00 = CNY8.27 is used. ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BOD – biochemical oxygen demand COD – chemical oxygen demand CSC – construction supervision company DI – design institute EIA – environmental impact assessment EIRR – economic internal rate of return EMC – environmental management consultant EMP – environmental management plan EPB – environmental protection bureau GDP – gross domestic product HPG – Henan provincial government HPMO – Henan project management office HPEPB – Henan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau HRB – Hai River Basin H2S – hydrogen sulfide IA – implementing agency LEPB – local environmental protection bureau N – nitrogen NH3 – ammonia O&G – oil and grease O&M – operation and maintenance P – phosphorus pH – factor of acidity PMO – project management office PM10 – particulate
    [Show full text]
  • PRISONER PROFILE Prisoner Name: Pastor Zhang Shaojie Location: China
    PRISONER PROFILE Prisoner Name: Pastor Zhang Shaojie Location: China Arrested: November 2013 Prisoner Name: Pastor Zhang Shaojie Sentence: 12 years’ imprisonment Location: China Arrested: November 2013 Arrest and background Sentence: 12 years imprisonment On July 4, 2014, the state-sanctioned Nanle CountyArrest church and pastor, background Shaojie Zhang, was sentenced to 12 years in prison in China. Zhang was detained onOn November July 4, 2014, the 15, state-sanctioned 2013, when Nanle Countyhe met church Nanle pastor, CountyShaojie, was sentenced to 12 years in prison in China. Zhang was detained on November 15, 2013, authorities in the church — a meeting that turned whenout heto met be Nanle a set-up County authorities in order in the to church detain — a meeting the pastor. Zhangthat turned Pastor out to be a set-up in order to detain the pastor. Pastor Zhang was later charged with gathering a Zhang was later charged with gathering a crowd tocrowd disrupt to disrupt public public order order and fraud.and Hefraud. was convicted He was on both convicted charges. on both charges. The Nanle County Christian Church had been in dispute with local government The alleged victim of fraud, Ms Li Cairen, has been authoritiesdetained over in a plot an of undisclosed land. The authorities location wanted the sincechurch to December relinquish its legally-acquired rights to the land, but the church refused. Pastor Zhang and the 21, 2013, when police caught her attempting to hidechurch from leaders them had already at the drawn Zhang up plans household.to erect a new church Pastor building, Zhang’s Bible lawyers explained that when Li’s son was killed in aschool work-related and ministry centre accident on the land, in but 2010, local government Zhang officialshelped wanted her to seize the plot and sell it to property developers at a huge profit.
    [Show full text]
  • Addition of Clopidogrel to Aspirin in 45 852 Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial
    Articles Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45 852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial COMMIT (ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) collaborative group* Summary Background Despite improvements in the emergency treatment of myocardial infarction (MI), early mortality and Lancet 2005; 366: 1607–21 morbidity remain high. The antiplatelet agent clopidogrel adds to the benefit of aspirin in acute coronary See Comment page 1587 syndromes without ST-segment elevation, but its effects in patients with ST-elevation MI were unclear. *Collaborators and participating hospitals listed at end of paper Methods 45 852 patients admitted to 1250 hospitals within 24 h of suspected acute MI onset were randomly Correspondence to: allocated clopidogrel 75 mg daily (n=22 961) or matching placebo (n=22 891) in addition to aspirin 162 mg daily. Dr Zhengming Chen, Clinical Trial 93% had ST-segment elevation or bundle branch block, and 7% had ST-segment depression. Treatment was to Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Richard Doll continue until discharge or up to 4 weeks in hospital (mean 15 days in survivors) and 93% of patients completed Building, Old Road Campus, it. The two prespecified co-primary outcomes were: (1) the composite of death, reinfarction, or stroke; and Oxford OX3 7LF, UK (2) death from any cause during the scheduled treatment period. Comparisons were by intention to treat, and [email protected] used the log-rank method. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00222573. or Dr Lixin Jiang, Fuwai Hospital, Findings Allocation to clopidogrel produced a highly significant 9% (95% CI 3–14) proportional reduction in death, Beijing 100037, P R China [email protected] reinfarction, or stroke (2121 [9·2%] clopidogrel vs 2310 [10·1%] placebo; p=0·002), corresponding to nine (SE 3) fewer events per 1000 patients treated for about 2 weeks.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional-Executive Commission on China
    CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2017 ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 5, 2017 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov VerDate Nov 24 2008 16:24 Oct 04, 2017 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\26811 DIEDRE 2017 ANNUAL REPORT VerDate Nov 24 2008 16:24 Oct 04, 2017 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 U:\DOCS\26811 DIEDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2017 ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 5, 2017 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 26–811 PDF WASHINGTON : 2017 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 16:24 Oct 04, 2017 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\26811 DIEDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Senate House MARCO RUBIO, Florida, Chairman CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma Cochairman TOM COTTON, Arkansas ROBERT PITTENGER, North Carolina STEVE DAINES, Montana TRENT FRANKS, Arizona TODD YOUNG, Indiana RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon TIMOTHY J. WALZ, Minnesota GARY PETERS, Michigan TED LIEU, California ANGUS KING, Maine EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Department of State, To Be Appointed Department of Labor, To Be Appointed Department of Commerce, To Be Appointed At-Large, To Be Appointed At-Large, To Be Appointed ELYSE B.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Green Bond Issuance and Investment Opportunity Report
    China’s Green Bond Issuance and Investment Opportunity Report Report prepared by Climate Bonds Initiative and SynTao Green Finance Supported by UK PACT China’s Green Bond Issuance and Investment Opportunity Report Climate Bonds Initiative 1 Table of contents 1. Introduction and report highlights 3 Climate Bonds Initiative 2. China’s green investment potential 4 The Climate Bonds Initiative (Climate Bonds) is an international 3. China’s policy on green finance and 8 investor-focused not-for-profit organisation working to mobilise green bonds the USD100tn bond market for climate change solutions. 4. Opportunities for green bond issuance 12 It promotes investment in projects and assets needed for in China’s green finance pilot zones a rapid transition to a low carbon and climate resilient economy. The mission focus is to help drive down the cost of capital for large-scale climate and infrastructure projects and to Zhejiang Province support governments seeking increased capital markets investment to meet climate and greenhouse gas (GHG) Guangdong Province emission reduction goals. Xinjiang Province Climate Bonds carries out market analysis, policy research, market development; advises governments and regulators; Guizhou Province and administers the Climate Bonds Standards and Certification Scheme. Jiangxi Province Gansu Province 5. Moving forward: challenges and 18 opportunities to financing green projects in China 6. Appendices 20 Appendix 1: Green debt instruments Appendix 2: Sample Green Pipeline Appendix 3: Climate Bonds Taxonomy SynTao Green Finance SynTao Green Finance is a leading ESG service provider in China, that is dedicated to professional services in green finance and sustainable investment. It is committed to providing professional services ranging from ESG data and rating, green bond assurance, to the consulting and researching services in the sustainable investment and green finance areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Zhang Shaojie (China)
    Lent Prayer Project 2015 Week 1: Pray for Zhang Shaojie (China) Arrest and Sentence Zhang Shaojie (49) is pastor of Nanle County Christian Church in Henan province, central China, and is local president of the government-approved Three-Self Church. He was arrested in November 2013 after a dispute with local Communist Party officials who, according to church members, were trying to seize church land. In December 2013, a Sky News crew reporting on the church's plight and lawyers representing the Christians were attacked and expelled from the area by government officials. On 4 July 2014, he was sentenced to twelve years in prison for “gathering a crowd to disrupt public order” and fraud. Church members believe the government's persecution of Pastor Zhang stems from his defence of marginalised people who have had their rights violated, and that it is part of a plan to replace him as local Three-Self Church president. Rights lawyer Liu Weiguo said, "I strongly believe Zhang Shaojie is innocent. This is a total set-up by the local government." Meanwhile, Nanle County government officials have petitioned Nanle County People's Court to lengthen Pastor Zhang's sentence. Family Pastor Zhang’s eldest daughter Yunyun and her husband and baby daughter had to go into hiding, and in July 2014 they used China Aid's "underground railroad" to flee from China to the USA (pictured). On 5 November 2014, more than 20 officials violently abducted another daughter, Shanshan, and locked her in a soundproofed room. On the day of her release, 14 November, the authorities went to the Zhang family home to attempt to force the family to leave so the house and car could be auctioned, as Pastor Zhang had not paid 700,000 Yuan (€98,000) in restitution for his fraud charge.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Materials
    Supplementary Materials: Linsheng Zhong 1, 2 and Dongjun Chen 1, 2, * 1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2 College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China * Correspondence: [email protected] 272 Individual Relevant Core Articles 1. Bai Qinfeng, Huo Zhiguo, He Nan, et al. Analysis of human body comfort index of 20 tourist cities in China. J. Chinese Journal of Ecology. 2009, 28(8): 173–178. 2. Bao Jigang, Deng Lizi. Impact of climate on vacation–oriented second home demand: a comparative study of Tengchong and Xishuangbanna. J. Tropical Geography. 2018, 38(5): 606–616. 3. Cai Bifan, Meng Minghao, Chen Guisong. Construction of the performance evaluation system for rural tourism region and its application. J. Tourism Forum. 2009, 2(5): 81–88. 4. Cai Meng, Ge Linsi, Ding Yue. Research progress on countermeasures for tourism emission reduction in overseas. J. Ecological Economy. 2014, 30(10): 28–33. 5. Cao Hui, Zhang Xiaoping, Chen Pingliu. The appraising of tourism climate resource in Fuzhou National Forest Park. J. Issues of Forestry Economics. 2007, (1): 36–39. 6. Cao Kaijun, Yang Zhaoping, Meng Xianyong, et al. An evaluation of tourism climatic suitability in Altay Prefecture. J. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. 2015, 37(5): 1420–1427. 7. Cao Weihong, He Yuanqing, Li Zongsheng, et al. A correlation analysis between climatic comfort degree and monthly variation of tourists in Lijiang. J. Scientia Geographica Sinica. 2012, 32(12): 1459– 1464. 8. Cao Weihong, He Yuanqing, Li Zongsheng, et al.
    [Show full text]
  • TPO City Members Destination Directory
    TPO City Members Destination Directory TPO Contact Information Address. TPO Secretariat, No.7 Jonghabundongjang-ro, Yeonje-gu, Busan 47500, Korea TEL. +82-51-502-2984~7 FAX. +82-51-502-1968 E-mail. secretariat @ aptpo.org Web Site. http: www.aptpo.org TPO Members 300 TOURISM SCOPE 301 IA A A N S N E A S I R P U H O A R C J K TPO City Members DESTINATION DIRECTORY CONTENTS 02 ABOUT TPO 136 MALAYSIA EI IP 06 CHINA 152 PHILIPPINES A T E S E N I 44 CHINESE TAIPEI 156 RUSSIA H C 52 INDONESIA 162 THAILAND ND A IL A H T 60 JAPAN 166 VIETNAM 76 KOREA 176 INDEX M A IA ES A SI S IN N Y E P T N P E A I I L O L V A D L I M N I H P About TPO TPO is a network of Asia TPO, A Centre for Tourism Marketing TPO, A Centre for Tourism Network Pacific cities and a growing TPO performs various marketing activities in major tourism markets in TPO has more than one hundred member organizations including international organization the Asia Pacific region to support its member cities’ tourism promotion city governments, NGOs, and private businesses across the Asia in the field of tourism. and marketing. Such as holding the TPO Travel Trade Event, running Pacific region, setting up an extensive and powerful network for A powerful city network TPO Joint Promotion Booths at international travel fairs, and organizing proactive inter-city tourism exchange and cooperation.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Growth of National Geoparks in China: Distribution, Interpretation, and Regional Comparison
    University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health 1-1-2011 On the growth of national geoparks in China: distribution, interpretation, and regional comparison Guifang Yang China University of Geosciences Zhenghong Chen China University of Geosciences Wuhan Mingzhong Tian China University of Geosciences Fadong Wu China University of Geosciences Robert A. L Wray University of Wollongong, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/scipapers Part of the Life Sciences Commons, Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Yang, Guifang; Chen, Zhenghong; Tian, Mingzhong; Wu, Fadong; Wray, Robert A. L; and Ping, Yamin: On the growth of national geoparks in China: distribution, interpretation, and regional comparison 2011, 157-176. https://ro.uow.edu.au/scipapers/4086 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] On the growth of national geoparks in China: distribution, interpretation, and regional comparison Abstract Since the year 2000 China has created 139 National Geoparks; it started under the guidance of the former UNESCO's Division of Earth Science, and has therefore become one of the pioneers in this aspect. Many National Geoparks in China have been described over the past decade, but an understanding of the range of various landform features and their connection with geological and climatic constraints has not previously been published. Based on an increasing awareness of National Geoparks, the aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive overview of the National Geoparks of China by reviewing the geological heritage and their intrinsic linkages with geological and climatic controls.
    [Show full text]
  • Features and Evaluation of Plant Resources of Yuntaishan World Geopark
    International Journal of Geoheritage. 2017, 5(1): 53-68 DOI: 10.17149/ijg.j.issn.2210.3382.2017.01.006 © 2017 Darswin Publishing House Features and evaluation of plant resources of Yuntaishan World Geopark Pengtao Zhang1, Yanbo Wang2 1 Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, 100875 2 China Urban Construction Design & Research Institute, Beijing, China, 100037 Abstract: The field investigation revealed that Yuntaishan World Geopark possessed abundant plant resources including 1173 species (including infraspecific taxa) of 136 families of vascular plants, of which 58 species of 20 families are ferns, 5 species of 3 families are gymnosperms, 874 species (including infraspecific taxa) of 96 families are dicotyledons, and 237 species (including infraspecific taxa) of 17 families are mono- cotyledons. With wide distribution, the vegetation is distinctive on vertical dimension and different between shady and sunny slopes. There are many endemic plants in Yuntai Mountain, of which 247 species are endemic in China. There are 8 species and one varietas respectively belonging to 9 families of rare and endangered plants, among which some are in National Key Protected Wild Plants List and others have not been listed in National/Provincial Key Protected Wild Plants List but are of great economic value and endangered in the wild. There are 910 kinds of plant resources in Yuntai Mountain. In the quantitative evaluation, the diversity, attraction and scientificity of the biological resources in Yuntai Mountain got full scores, respectively 8, 6 and 6. The scores of zonation and rareness are 8, up to the high grade. Plant resources are of high value of landscape and great potential of development with many plants being of scientific and educational value.
    [Show full text]