Reflections on Ayn Rand's Political Philosophy
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Ayn Rand? Ayn Rand Ayn
Who Is Ayn Rand? Ayn Rand Few 20th century intellectuals have been as influential—and controversial— as the novelist and philosopher Ayn Rand. Her thinking still has a profound impact, particularly on those who come to it through her novels, Atlas Shrugged and The Fountainhead—with their core messages of individualism, self-worth, and the right to live without the impositions of others. Although ignored or scorned by some academics, traditionalists, pro- gressives, and public intellectuals, her thought remains a major influence on Ayn Rand many of the world’s leading legislators, policy advisers, economists, entre- preneurs, and investors. INTRODUCTION AN Why does Rand’s work remain so influential? Ayn Rand: An Introduction illuminates Rand’s importance, detailing her understanding of reality and human nature, and explores the ongoing fascination with and debates about her conclusions on knowledge, morality, politics, economics, government, AN INTRODUCTION public issues, aesthetics and literature. The book also places these in the context of her life and times, showing how revolutionary they were, and how they have influenced and continue to impact public policy debates. EAMONN BUTLER is director of the Adam Smith Institute, a leading think tank in the UK. He holds degrees in economics and psychology, a PhD in philosophy, and an honorary DLitt. A former winner of the Freedom Medal of Freedom’s Foundation at Valley Forge and the UK National Free Enterprise Award, Eamonn is currently secretary of the Mont Pelerin Society. Butler is the author of many books, including introductions on the pioneering economists Eamonn Butler Adam Smith, Milton Friedman, F. -
1The Strengths and Limits of Philosophical Anarchism
THE STRENGTHS AND LIMITS OF 1 PHILOSOPHICAL ANARCHISM THE BASIC DEFINITION of state legitimacy as the exclusive right to make, apply, and enforce laws is common, clearly visible in Max Weber and contemporary political philosophy and found less explicitly in the classical contract thinkers.1 A. John Simmons, drawing on Locke, writes that “A state’s (or government’s) legitimacy is the complex moral right it possesses to be the exclusive imposer of binding duties on its sub- jects, to have its subjects comply with these duties, and to use coercion to enforce the duties” (Simmons 2001, 130). Similar definitions—whether vis-à-vis legitimacy or authority—with slight alterations of terms and in conjunction with a series of other ideas and conditions (for example, “authoritativeness,” background criteria, the difference between force and violence) can be found in Robert Paul Wolff (1998, 4), Joseph Raz (2009), Richard Flathman (1980), Leslie Green (1988), David Copp (1999), Hannah Pitkin (1965, 1966), and others. The point is that the justification of state legitimacy and the (corresponding) obligation to obey involve, more often than not, making, applying, and enforcing laws: political power. Often left out of these discussions—with important exceptions—are the real practices of legitimate statehood, and perhaps for good reason. What philosophers who explore the question of legitimacy and authority are most often interested in—for a variety of reasons—is the relation of the individ- ual to the state, that is, whether and to what extent a citizen (or sometimes a noncitizen) has an obligation to obey the state. As Raz notes, part of the explanation for this is that contemporary philosophical interest in questions of political obligation emerged in response to political events in the 1960s (Raz 1981, 105). -
Reckless Caution: the Perils of Judicial Minimalism
RECKLESS CAUTION: THE PERILS OF JUDICIAL MINIMALISM Tara Smith* ABSTRACT Judicial Minimalism is the increasingly popular view that judges decide cases properly to the extent that they minimize their own imprint on the law by meticulously assessing “one case at a time,” ruling on narrow and shallow grounds, eschewing broader theories, and altering entrenched legal practices only incremen- tally. Minimalism’s ascendancy across the political spectrum, be- ing embraced by advocates of both right-wing and left-wing ide- ologies, is touted as a sign of its appropriate value-neutrality. This paper argues that such sought-after neutrality is, in fact, untenable. While others have objected to some of Minimalism’s specific tenets, critics have missed its more fundamental failing: it is an incoherent concept. On analysis, Minimalism’s several planks and rationales prove mutually contradictory and, corre- spondingly, offer conflicting guidance to judges. Thus the reason that Minimalism can appeal to people of such disparate substan- tive views is that in practice, it is merely a placeholder invoked to * Many people have offered helpful discussion of the ideas developed in this paper or feedback on earlier drafts. I am grateful to audiences at Oxford’s Uehiro Center and the University of Virginia, and in particular to Tom Bowden, Onkar Ghate, Wesley Hottot, Loren Lomasky, Al Martinich, Matt Miller, Adam Mossoff, Matt O’Brien, Greg Salmieri, Julian Savulescu, John Simmons, and Kevin Stuart. 347 348 New York University Journal of Law & Liberty [Vol. 5:347 sanction a grab-bag of desiderata rather than a distinctive method of decision-making that offers genuine guidance. -
GENERAL SESSIONS the METAPHYSICS of CONSCIOUSNESS: the What and the How of Cognition (3 Lectures) Harry Binswanger
- ' SECOND I RENAISSANCE CONFERENCES H PRESENTS I ~IDEAS FOR THE RATIONAL MIND Ill" I A PHILOSOPHICAL CONFERENCE I JUNE 28 TO JULY 11, 1998 THE NASHUA MARRIOTT NASHUA, NEW HAMPSHIRE Dear Reader: there is no charge for parking. SECOND RENAISSANCE CONFERENCES is New Hampshire is noted for its tax-free shopping, proud to announce a philosophical conference featur and there are several large shopping malls within a ing new and exciting lectures on epistemology by Dr. ten-minute drive of the hotel. The proximity to his Harry Binswanger. Detailed descriptions of these and toric Boston will allow conferees to attend the city's other lectures, courses, and faculty follow, so let me renowned Independence Day celebrations (with the tell you something about the conference venue. Boston Pops concert and traditional fireworks) and The Nashua Marriott is a first-class hotel situated enjoy the city's many historic, cultural, and culinary in the rolling hills of southern New Hampshire, about attractions. 44 miles northwest of Boston. The scenic White Moun I'm sure you will appreciate the intellectual content tains and New Hampshire's Atlantic coast are both of the conference and enjoy the accommodations of about an hour's drive away. the hotel. Come and experience the joy of meeting The hotel offers numerous amenities, including an people who share your values. I hope you will attend, indoor pool, outdoor sundeck, fitness center, wooded and I look forward to seeing you. jogging trail, and volleyball and basketball courts. In room amenities include hair dryer, iron/ironing board, ~s~ voice-mail, PC dataport, and on-command movies (for a small charge). -
Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia Peter Vallentyne, University
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Missouri: MOspace Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia Peter Vallentyne, University of Missouri-Columbia in The Twentieth Century: Quine and After (Vol. 5, of Central Works of Philosophy ) edited by John Shand (Acumen Publishing, 2006), pp. 86-103 Robert Nozick’s Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974), along with John Rawls’s A Theory of Justice (1971), radically changed the landscape in analytic political philosophy. For much of the preceding half-century, under the influence of logical positivism’s heavy emphasis on empirical verifiability, much of moral philosophy was taken up with meta-ethics (e.g., the semantics of moral discourse)—with little attention given to normative moral theories. Moreover, to the extent that normative theories were considered, utilitarianism was the center of attention. This all changed with the publication of Rawls’s articulation and defense of liberal egalitarianism and Nozick’s libertarian challenge to the legitimacy of anything more than the night-watchman state. At the core of Nozick’s book are two arguments. One is that a night-watchman state (which protects only against violence, theft, fraud, and breach of contract) could be legitimate, even without the consent of all those to be governed. The other is that nothing more extensive than the night-watchman state is legitimate, except with the consent of all. The argument is complex, and Nozick often inserts long—and very interesting—digressions. Below I shall focus only on his core argument. I shall thus not address his discussions of Rawls’ theory of justice (Ch. -
Jay: an Intimate Martyr of Objectivism Jordan Miller
First Class: A Journal of First-Year Composition Volume 2017 Article 5 Spring 2017 Jay: An Intimate Martyr of Objectivism Jordan Miller Follow this and additional works at: https://ddc.duq.edu/first-class Recommended Citation Miller, J. (2017). Jay: An Intimate Martyr of Objectivism. First Class: A Journal of First-Year Composition, 2017 (1). Retrieved from https://ddc.duq.edu/first-class/vol2017/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Duquesne Scholarship Collection. It has been accepted for inclusion in First Class: A Journal of First-Year Composition by an authorized editor of Duquesne Scholarship Collection. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Honors Program Second Prize Essay JAY: AN INTIMATE MARTYR OF OBJECTIVISM By Jordan Miller Instructor: Dr. Matthew Ussia “At the dawn of our lives, we seek a noble vision of man’s nature and of life’s potential” (“Introduction”). According to Ayn Rand, Russian-American novelist and philosopher, Objectivism is that vision. This credo rests in the foundation that reality exists and one must discover its nature with an audacious approach of self-serving ambition. Although it has received a fair amount of following, praise, and success, Rand’s philosophy has also sourced the demise of many individuals through broken promises and mental pandemonium. The life and mental state of Jay, a broken man from the novel Intimacy by Hanif Kureishi, serves to thoroughly exemplify the philosophy’s imperfections and the reasoning behind one’s downfall on the path of Objectivism. Throughout the novel, his character development, or lack thereof, constitutes as the paradigm for an Objectivist breakdown. -
Beyond the Principles of Bioethics: Facing the Consequences of Fundamental Moral Disagreement
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2012v11n1p13 BEYOND THE PRINCIPLES OF BIOETHICS: FACING THE CONSEQUENCES OF FUNDAMENTAL MORAL DISAGREEMENT H. TRISTRAM ENGELHARDT (Rice Universtiy / USA) ABSTRACT Given intractable secular moral pluralism, the force and significance of the four principles (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice) of Tom Beauchamp and James Childress must be critically re-considered. This essay examines the history of the articulation of these four principles of bioethics, showing why initially there was an illusion of a common morality that led many to hold that the principles could give guidance across cultures. But there is no one sense of the content or the theoretical justification of these principles. In addition, a wide range of secular moral and bioethical choices has been demoralized into lifestyle choices; the force of the secular moral point of view has also been deflated, thus compounding moral pluralism. It is the political generation of the principles that provides a common morality in the sense of an established morality. The principles are best understood as embedded not in a common morality, sensu stricto, but in that morality that is established at law and public policy in a particular polity. Although moral pluralism is substantive and intractable at the level of moral content, in a particular polity a particular morality and a particular bioethics can be established, regarding which health care ethics consultants can be experts. Public morality and bioethics are at their roots a political reality. Keywords: Bioethics. Pluralism. Moral disagreement. Ethical particularism. RESUMO Dado o pluralismo moral secular intratável, a força e o significado dos quatro princípios (autonomia, beneficência, não maleficência e justiça) de Tom Beauchamp e James Childress precisam ser reconsiderados criticamente. -
Winds and Tigers: Metaphor Choice in China's Anti-Corruption Discourse
Jing-Schmidt and Peng Lingua Sinica (2017) 3:2 DOI 10.1186/s40655-016-0017-9 RESEARCH Open Access Winds and tigers: metaphor choice in China’s anti-corruption discourse Zhuo Jing-Schmidt* and Xinjia Peng * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract University of Oregon, Eugene ’ 97403, OR, USA This article examines metaphor choice in China s official anti-corruption discourse. Drawing on corpus data, we analyze the metaphors used by the Chinese Communist Party and its flagship newspaper, the People’s Daily, to frame the anti-corruption campaign and influence public perception. It is found that both embodied experience and cultural models are recruited as the metaphoric vehicles or source domains for the strategic profiling of different aspects of corruption and anti- corruption actions as the target domain. Additionally, metaphor choice is systematically different in the Chinese and the English versions of the party newspaper, reflecting that metaphor use is sensitive to sociocultural context, especially to the knowledge base within an epistemic community. Keywords: China, Anti-corruption campaign, Metaphor choice, Political discourse 1 Background During the transition from a planned economy to a market economy in the last three decades, China has experienced what many scholars call an “economic miracle.” At the same time, Chinese society is faced with “an extraordinary and serious epidemic of cor- ruption” (Meng 2014: 33). There seems to be a consensus among China scholars that the reforms that brought about liberalization and commercialization, and fueled the economic boom, also drove the surge of corruption by providing fertile soil for its rampant growth (Gong 2002, 2006; Guo 2008). -
New Atlas Shrugged Web Site More Facets Of
® Volume 14, Number 3, March 2008 ARI on the Web New Atlas Shrugged Web Site s we continue to expand our Web offerings, A Impact would like to inform you of our current ater this month is a free audio menu of sites. LARI will launch course, “A Study of atlasshrugged.com, a Galt’s Speech,” by Ayn Rand Institute Web site devoted to ARI senior fellow, www.aynrand.org Ayn Rand’s master- Dr. Onkar Ghate, The Ayn Rand Institute’s homepage piece. The site will available for the Ayn Rand Bookstore contain information first time on the www.aynrandbookstore.com about the history, Web. Also included The widest selection of books and recordings by, on message and author will be substantial and about Ayn Rand of Atlas Shrugged. new information “This Web about the novel and Objectivist Conferences (OCON) site will not only its history, based www.objectivistconferences.com commemorate the on Ayn Rand’s Conferences for the Rational Mind fiftieth anniversary biographical inter- Objectivist Academic Center (OAC) of Atlas Shrugged,” views conducted in www.objectivistacademiccenter.org said Yaron Brook, 1960 and 1961. ARI’s educational program for the study of Objectivism ARI’s executive The site’s con- director, “it will Home page screen capture of the new Atlas Shrugged Web site tent will be aimed Ayn Rand Novels also help those inspired by Ayn Rand’s heroes at a broad audience and ARI will add fresh www.aynrandnovels.com to learn more about the revolutionary philoso- content to the site, including testimonials from ARI’s Web site for high school and college students phy they embody.” CEOs and other readers, relevant news articles Ayn Rand Education The Web site will contain information and more. -
Analytics on the Mind an Objectivist Survey of Analytic Philosophy of Mind Diana Mertz Hsieh ([email protected]) 1 June 2003
Analytics on the Mind An Objectivist Survey of Analytic Philosophy of Mind Diana Mertz Hsieh ([email protected]) 1 June 2003 Abstract: Although debates over the nature of the mind have raged in analytic philosophy of mind in recent decades, Objectivism largely lacks not only a theory of mind, but also an active discussion of the subject. The common strategy of adopting views from analytic philosophy of mind is perilous, given the significant differences between the principles and methods of Objectivism and those of analytic philosophy. Nonetheless, Objectivists can and ought to learn from the failures and successes of analytic theories of mind. This paper examines the commonalities and conflicts between analytic philosophy and Objectivism in order to sketch a plausible philosophy of mind consistent with Objectivism. Mind and Body In recent decades, debates have raged in analytic philosophy over the nature of the mind and its relationship to the body. In a quest for a viable account of the metaphysics of the mind— for an understanding of the existence, specific character, and causal efficacy of consciousness in a physical world—theories have cycled in and out of fashion with remarkable rapidity. In contrast, a philosophy of mind well-integrated with Ayn Rand’s philosophy of Objectivism has yet to be developed. A survey of the Objectivist literature reveals only scattered critiques of common analytic positions and some (occasionally conflicting) elements of a positive theory (Hsieh 2003). As such, the debate is only just beginning for Objectivism. The absence of a well-defined Objectivist ontology of mind is surprising not only in light of the vigorous debates in analytic philosophy, but also given the central role of mind-body integration in Rand’s philosophical system. -
Objectivism/Subjectivism in Scientific Articles of Different Areas: the Heterogeneity of Academic Writing
OBJETIVISMO/SUBJETIVISMO EM ARTIGOS CIENTÍFICOS DAS DIFERENTES ÁREAS: A HETEROGENEIDADE DA ESCRITA ACADÊMICA Ângela Francine FUZA* ▪ RESUMO: A existência do discurso que postula a homogeneização da escrita acadêmico- científica no processo de constituição do texto é a problemática que desencadeou esta pesquisa. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar artigos científicos brasileiros de periódicos A1 das diferentes áreas do conhecimento a partir dos elementos que constituem os gêneros, forma composicional, estilo e temática, delimitando aspectos que tendem ao objetivismo e ao subjetivismo nos textos. O trabalho se pauta nos pressupostos dialógicos do Círculo de Bakhtin, no tocante aos gêneros, ao objetivismo e subjetivismo, e nas pesquisas desenvolvidas segundo os princípios dos Novos Estudos do Letramento. Os resultados apontam que: a) todo enunciado é constituído de elementos subjetivos e objetivos; b) os aspectos que evidenciam objetividade e subjetividade marcam-se predominantemente na forma composicional (e arquitetônica) e no estilo dos textos, em diálogo com a temática; c) os artigos das diferentes áreas se assemelham, ao tratar de elementos que tendem à objetividade, como forma composicional e recursos linguísticos; d) os artigos diferem quando apresentam aspectos que, embora estejam na materialidade verbal, encontram significação no contexto extraverbal, perpassando a subjetividade, como escolha temática; variação no número de autores no texto etc.; e) a existência de nuances de objetividade e de subjetividade permite caracterizar a escrita nas áreas de forma heterogênea. ▪ PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Objetivismo. Subjetivismo. Escrita acadêmica. Artigo científico. Introdução A escrita acadêmico-científica tem sido um tema amplamente discutido no meio acadêmico por pesquisadores do campo dos estudos da linguagem em seus vários âmbitos e perspectivas metodológicas. -
Ayn Rand Film to Premiere in Hollyrwood Prestigious Telluride Film Festival in Colorado
lmrract -f October'1996, Volume 2, Number'lO Tickets for the benefit are priced at two levels: $75 per person for the film and post-film reception, and $250 for those events plus a private reception with Michael Per-xtonand Leonard Peikoff prior to the screening, preferred seating at the screening, an autographed movie poster, and, if it can be arranged, a brief tour to special "Ap Rand sites" on the lot. Although this is his first feature film, Michael Pa"rton brought considerable experience to the project. He received hls M.F.R. in {ihn production from New York University's prestigious Graduate Institute of Fihn & Television and has worked as a r,vriterfor Disney's Feature Anirnation Dept. alld as an assistantdirector at Turner Entertainment on features such as The Pagemaster.He also directed the world premieres of ldeal (i9Sg) and Anthem (1991) for the stage,in Hollpvood. He began the documentary on A;m Rand in the summer of 1994, setting up the production company, writing the script, and filming archival rnaterial. He also shot interviews with people who knerv Ayn Rand, including Mike Wallace, Leor.rard Photo by Sorenson James Peikoff, and Harry Binswanger. Ayn Rand: A Senseof Lift was recently screened at the Ayn Rand Film to Premiere in Hollyrwood prestigious Telluride Film Festival in Colorado. Paxton'sfiln-r Earlier Screening at Telluride Draws Acclaim was one of only 27 films selected from more than 700 appli- cants worldwide for the 23rd annual event. Less than an hour "How does one reduce the achievements of a lifetirne of from Ouray, Colorado (the "setting" for Galt's Gulch), the filnr genius into 110 rninutes?" asks filmmaker Michael Paxton (pic- was shown on opening night, August 30.