Handbook Attempts to Collate All Information Concerning Staff
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, DOCUMENT RESUME ED 029 502 EM 007 211 By-Bailey, Catherine M.. Ed. Educational Communications Handbook. New Yvrk State Education Dept.. Albany. Div. of Educational Communications. Pub Date 68 Note- 250p. Available from-New York State Education Department. Div. of Educational Communications.Albany. N. Y. 12224 EDRS Price MF-$1.00 HC-S12.60 Descriptors- Administrator Guides.Audiovisual Aids.Audiovisual Directors. Audiovisual Programs. Cataloging. Educational Facilities. Educational Practice. Equipment. Evaluation Methods.Cuidelines. Inservice Teacher Education. Instructional Materials. Instructional Media. *InstructionalPrograms. Media Specialists. Media Technology. Multimedia Instruction. Resource Guides. School Funds. SchoolPersonnel. Standards Identifiers-Boards of Cooperative Educational Services. BOCES Designedtohelpschoolsuperintendents andaudiovisualdirectors,this handbook attempts to collateallinformation concerning staff. school facilities. educational equipment. and materials necessary to usetechnology in instructional programs. The media of instructiondealt with include television, films, filmstrips. recordings. and programed instruction. Guidelines are givenfor their selection. evaluation, use. care, andorganization. Guidelines forprofessional and subprofessional media personnel are supplied as well.Information is given on where to find funds and how to budgetfor media programs. Publications available from the Division of Educational Communications in New York arelisted in addition to selected publications on educational communications availablefrom a variety of sources. (GO/MF) .1.,......7 , S. c\1 c=;) ais ("\1 CD CI Lai EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS HANDBOOK 1 The University of the State of New York/THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Division of Educational Communications/Albany, New York 12224 ec. crs c\I ladC3 Educational Communications HANDBOOK The University of the State of New York THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. 41111111 0111.11111110 cftv aDivision of Educational Communications Albany, New York, 1968 LU ME UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of the University (with years when terms expire) 1969Joseph W. McGovern, A.B., LL.B., L.H.D., LL.D., Chancellor New York 1970Everett J. Penny, B.C.S., D.C.S., Vice Chancellor White Plains 1978Alexander J. Allan, Jr., LLD., Litt.D. Troy 1973Charles W. Millard, Jr., A.B., LL.D., L.H.D. Buffalo 1972Carl H. Pforzheimer, Jr., AB., M.B.A., D.C.S. Purchase 1975Edward M. M. Warburg, B.S., L.H.D. New York 1977Joseph T. King, LL.B Queens 1974Joseph C. Indelicato, M D Brooklyn 1976Mrs. Helen B. Power, A.B., Litt.D., L.H.D. Rochester 1979Francis W. McGinley, B.S., LL.B., LL.D. Glens Falls 1981 George D. Weinstein, LL.B Hempstead 1980 Max J. Rubin, LL.B., L.H.D. New York 1971Kenneth B. Clark, A.B., M.S., Ph.D. Hastings on Hudson 1982Stephen K. Bailey, A.B., B.A., M.A., Ph.D, LL D Syracuse President of the University and Commissioner of Education James E. Allen, Jr. Deputy Commissioner of Education Ewald B. Nyquist Associate Commissioner for Cultural Education Hugh M. Flick Director, Division of Educational Communications Lee E. Campion Chief,,Bureau of Classroom Communications Loran C. Twyford, Jr. ii on, ... _tap . ==1,- Foreword This handbook deals with educational communications in the schools of New York State. By educational communicationswe mean that branch of educational theory and practice concerned primarily with the use of media in the instructional program. The media in- clude television, films, filmstrips, recordings, programed instruction, and the like. This book gives information on each medium and suggests many ways for organizing an effective program in educa- tional communications. The handbook is designed to help a superintendent of schoolsor a director of educational communications to start and plan a program. It attempts to bring together in an organizedmanner information concerning the staff, the school facilities, the educational equip- ment and materials necessary to use technology in the instructional program. It also includes information on sources of materials and how these materials are handled for distribution to teachers and students. One of the difficulties in understanding this field has beena dif- ference in terminology. Where we have quoted from otherpapers we have used a consistent terminology. The term educational com- munications is usually employed for instructional communications, educational technology, audiovisual education and similarterms. A list of terms used is included on pages 77-82. The quantitative standards for educational communications,per- sonnel, equipment and materials used in this handbookare the original DAVI standards adopted by the Division of Educational Communications of the New York State Education Department. In- formation for the specialized areas was furnished by Bernarr Cooper, Chief of the Bureau of Mass Communications, Loran C. Twyford, Jr., Chief of the Bureau of Classroom Communications, and bymem- bers of the staff of the Division. Thenames of the staff and their specialized areas are listed in Chapter III. Materialwas also provided by the Department of Audiovisual Instruction of the National Educa- tion Association, the Board of Audiovisual Instruction, NewYork City, and from many other school districts in New York State. Special thanks are expressed to the following individuals whose contributions of materials, ideas and suggestions made this publica- tion possible: Anna L. Hyer, Edward G. Bernard, Morris Freedman, Irene Cypher. The manuscript was prepared and edited by Catherine M. Bailey, Associate, Bureau of Classroom Communications. 4r.,, a . Laat T. Contents PAGE Chapter I Your Educational Communications Program 1 Personnel 2 Funds for Educational Communications 4 Definitions and Standards 6 Administration of Educational Communications Programs 7 Operating an Educational Communications Program 10 Evaluation 12 Media Facilities 12 Media Resources 13 Summary 13 Chapter II The Function of Educational Communications in the Public Schools 15 Function of Media 20 Chapter III Staff and Functions of the Division of Educational Communications, New York State Education Department 23 Special Services of the Educational Communications Division 23 Organization Chart 24,25 Chapter IV Educational Communications Personnel 29 The Role of the Media Professional in Education 29 Qualifications and Functions of the Media Professional ... 31 Certification of Directors of Educational Communications in New York State 34 Staffing for Educational Communications 41 Supporting Staff for a District Program 44 School Media Aide 45 PAGE Staffing for Special Service Programs 47 Educational Television for a District 47 Staffing the Educational Communications Program for a School Building 50 Areas in a School Building That Require Services of the Building Director 54 Chapter V Sources of Media Funds 59 ESEA Title I 59 ESEA Title II 62 ESEA Title III 64 NDEA Title III 65 Educational Technology in the Schools 67 Educational Television in the Schools 68 Programs of Experimentation and Innovation in Education 70 Locally-Originated Inservice Programs 72 State Sponsored Inservice Training of Teachers 74 Chapter VI Definitions and Standards 77 Educational Communications, Definitions of Terms 77 Quantitative Standards 82 Chapter VII Administrating Educational Communications Materials 91 16mm Instructional Films 91 Filmstrips 100 Sound Filmstrips 103 Transparencies 105 Audio Tapes 107 Recordings 112 8mm Films 116 Slides, Still Pictures, Charts, etc. 118 Radio 123 Educational Television 125 Programed Learning 127 Community and Cultural Resources 130 Recent Developments in Educational Technology 135 Computer-Assisted Instruction 135 vi Of, a "._a-11 tr":. 44,16k. PAGE Dial Select System 136 Talking Typewriter 138 Chapter VIII Components of an Adequate Program 141 Procedures for Preparing a Budget 143 Preparing and Writing Bids for Equipment andMaterials .. 147 State Contracts 156 Criteria for Selecting Equipment 156 Cataloging for Educational Communications 159 Ordering and Booking Educational Communications Materials 166 Inservice Training of Teachers 173 Chapter IX Evaluation 177 A Brief Guide for Film Evaluators 177 Project AimFilm Evaluation 179 Evaluative Checklist 180 Chapter X Media Facilities 205 Facilities for the Classroom 205 Other Types of Learning Spaces 212 Learning Laboratory 213 Electronic Classroom and Language Laboratory 215 Graphics Center 217 Chapter XI Media Resources 221 Boards of Cooperative Educational Services 221 CUE 225 Sources of Educational Communications Personnel 226 Professional Organizations 229 Chapter XII References 235 Division Publications 235 Selected Educational Communications Source and Reference List 236 vii 41t.2.Af MA1.146.1.,1 11,Arlit Chapter I YOUR EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM In June 1958, the Board of Regents established the Division of Educational Communications with responsibility that had been pre- viously assumed by the Bureau of Audio and Visual Aids and with new responsibilities for educational television. The role of the Division has expanded into language laboratories, electronic classrooms, teach- ing machines, programed instruction, instructional material centers, and radio and computer-assisted instruction.