Recull Vexil·Lològic a La 33ª Copa De L'amèrica De Vela

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Recull Vexil·Lològic a La 33ª Copa De L'amèrica De Vela Jaume Pérez i Alejandre Recull Vexil·lològic a la 33ª Copa de l’Amèrica de Vela Jaume Pérez i Alejandre Genealogista i Membre de la Societat Catalana de Genealogia, Heràldica, Sigil·lografia, Vexil·lologia i Nobiliària Resum: Recull vexil·lològic, d’ensenyes de clubs nàutics i de pavellons nacionals, que han participat a la Copa de l’Amèrica de Vela, des de la seva creació, al 1851, fins a la darrera edició, al 2010. Paraules clau: gallardet, pavelló, vexil·lologia, Copa de l’Amèrica. Resumen: Abanico vexilológico, de grímpolas de clubes náuticos y de pabellones nacionales, que han par- ticipado en la Copa del América de vela, desde su creación, en 1851, hasta su última edición, en 2010. Palabras clave: grímpola, pabellón, vexilología, Copa del América. Palabras clave: grímpola, pabellón, vexilología, Copa del América. Abstract: Vexillological range of burgees yacht clubs and national ensign that participated in the America’s Cup, sailing since its inception, in 1851, until its last edition, in 2010. Key words: burgee, ensign, vexillology, America’s Cup. Résumé: Vexillologiques gamme des yachts clubs pendentif et pavillons nationaux qui ont participé à la voile de l’America’s Cup, depuis sa création, en 1851, jusqu’à la dernière édition, en 2010. Mots-clés: fanion, drapeau, vexillologie, l’America’s Cup. s t u d i s e 23 • p a r a t g e 177 Recull vexil·lològic a la 33ª Copa de l’Amèrica de Vela Introducció: El passat mes de febrer, a les costes llevantines de la ciutat de València, es va celebrar la 33ª America’s Cup de Vela, o el que és el mateix, el trofeu esportiu més antic del món. Per aquest motiu volem, des de la SCGHSVN, aprofitar l’oportunitat per a mostrar i exposar tot un ventall de senyals vexil·lològics; diguin-se banderoles, gallardets, banderes, pavellons o insígnies, en definitiva, identificadors dels patrons nàutics esportius, o bé nacionals, participants en totes les edicions que durant 160 anys han participat en aquesta il·lustre i mítica competició de vela. El Gallardet Triangular: Aprofitem, doncs, el moment per recordar les definicions del que alhora és el mateix i a la vegada és dife- rent. Per exemple: El que en aquest estudi anomenem “banderola”, que en altres llengües s’anomena; grímpola (castellà), burgee (anglès), fanion (francès), ben bé podria anomenar-se gallardet triangular, ja que des de molt antic, potser, des del segle XXVIII, les insígnies que els primers clubs nàutics feien servir per identificar-se entre ells eren amb la forma triangular acabades en punta. Feien servir un antic tipus de bandera que els cavallers utilitzaven per portar al camp de batalla en forma de petit pany triangular. Les banderoles poden ser de qualsevol forma, com la resta de banderes, però la majoria de banderoles son gallardets triangulars, sent els gallardetons i les banderes rectangulars els altres formats més utilitzats. Probablement el fet de què la forma de gallardet triangular sigui la més estesa sigui degut a que així eren les primeres banderoles que es van arborar, als clubs més antics del món; el Reial Club d’Iots de Cork (1720), d’Irlanda; el Reial Club d’Iots del Tàmesi (1775), d’Anglaterra; ó el Reial Club d’Iots d’Anglaterra Occidental (1827). Quanta les proporcions ample: llarg, depèn de la tradició de cada país, però les proporcions 3:5 son les més apropiades. La banderola ha d’onejar a les instal·lacions i a les embarcacions del club, així com als iots dels socis amb l’autorització del capità de flota, a la vegada que oneja el pavelló nacional. 178 179 Jaume Pérez i Alejandre Tipus De Banderoles De Clubs Nàutics: Fig. 1 RCYC: Royal Cork Yacht Club (1720) - IRL Gallardet triangular vermell. En el centre òptic, una arpa, cordada i coronada d’or. Fig. 2 TNYC: The Neva Yacht Club (1718) - RUS- NF - Hф: Nevsky Flot - Невский флот (1718) Bandera blanca amb una creu escandinava bla- va. (La bandera de Finlàndia està inspirada en aquesta bandera). Fig. 3 DYC: Detroit Yacht Club (1868) - USA Gallardetó blau amb bordura superior i inferior de color vermell. Sobre el blau, les sigles “DYC” en blanc. Origen De La Competició: L’origen de la Copa Amèrica de Vela, o Copa de l’Amèrica, o com s’anomena en anglès i oficialment, America’s Cup, l’hem de trobar a Anglaterra en el llunyà 1851. Amb motiu de la celebració, a Londres, de la Gran Exposició, la primera de les Exposicions Universals celebrada a la història, es programà una regata per al dia 22 d’agost; el guanyador rebria un aiguamans o gerra d’argent como a trofeu. El recorregut consistia en circumnavegar l’Illa de Wight, al sud d’Anglaterra. Membres del Club d’Iots de Nova York, dels Estats Units d’Amèrica, a bord de la goleta Amèrica s’enfrontaren, i venceren, a 14 vaixells del Reial Esquadró de Iots, de Londres. El trofeu fou donat per l’armador de la goleta Amèrica al Club de Iots de Nova York, del que fou el seu primer comodor, perquè el club fomentés la competició entre nacions organitzant una regata que tingués Copa de l’Amèrica s t u d i s dit trofeu com a premi. Des de llavors, el trofeu passà a anomenar-se , en honor a la e goleta guanyadora. 23 • p a r a t g e 178 179 Recull vexil·lològic a la 33ª Copa de l’Amèrica de Vela El document bàsic pel que es regeix i que recull les bases de la competició és l’anomenat “Deed of Gift”, traduït de l’anglès com “transferència d’un obsequi”. Es tracta d’un contracte subscrit el 24 d’octubre de 1887 entre George L. Schuyler (qui en aquell moment era l’únic supervivent de la tripulació guanyadora al 1851), i el Club de Iots de Nova York. El document ha estat vegades esmenat en dues ocasi- ons, 1956 i 1985, ambdues casos per ordre del Tribunal Suprem de l’Estat de Nova York. Una esmena obliga a que els vaixells siguin oceànics i no lacustres o fluvials. L’altra aclareix els diferents períodes de competició se- gons es desenvolupi en l’hemisferi nord o en el sud. Per aquest document el Club de Iots de Nova York rebria el trofeu en fideïcomís, amb el compromís de posar-lo en joc en front a competidors d’altres països, en unes Fig. 4 determinades condicions, pactades entre tots dos com- petidors; el defensor del trofeu i el desafiant. Trofeu: El trofeu de la Copa de l’Amèrica de Vela és un aigua- mans d’argent dissenyat al 1848 pel joier oficial de la casa reial britànica, Robert Garrard, i valorat en cent guinees d’or i adquirit, a Londres, pel marquès d’An- glesey, que va fer donació al Reial Esquadró de Iots, club que organitzà la regata i aportà el trofeu, per pri- mera vegada, al 1851. Aquest és el motiu pel que també es coneix, aquest trofeu, com la Copa de les cent guinees. Al 1870, el Club de Iots de Nova York el posà en joc, per primer cop, com a club defensor, davant el club desafiant britànic del Reial Club de Iots del Tàmesi. Fig. 5 180 181 Jaume Pérez i Alejandre Clubs Nàutics Defensors: El Club de Iots de Nova York (NYYC) és un club nàutic amb domicili social situat a Nova York, Es- tats Units. Les seves instal·lacions esportives estan en la localitat de Newport (Rhode Island). Amb més de 3.000 socis, es manté com un dels clubs nàutics més prestigiosos del món. Fou fundat el 30 de juliol de 1844 per un grup de novaiorquesos aficionats a l’esport, liderats per John Cox Stevens, primer president del club. Al Fig. 6 NYYC: New York Yacht Club (1844) 1845 s’adoptà l’actual bandera com a símbol de Gallardet blau amb una creu vermella completa l’entitat, i el club s’establí a la seva primera seu, a amb una estrella blanca de cinc puntes al centre. Hoboken (New Jersey), en uns terrenys donats per Stevens, on es troba actualment l’Institut de Tecno- logia Stevens. Una de les aficions primordials dels socis durant aquells anys inicials consistia en competir pels trofeus millor dotats econòmicament. Per aquesta raó, al 1851, el president del club, John Cox Stevens, es presentà amb el seu iot, una goleta pintada de negre amb el nom d’Amèrica, a la regata commemorativa de la Primera Exposició Internacional que es celebrà a Londres, i que tenia como a trofeu un aiguamans d’argent valorat en cent guinees d’or. En vèncer, la gesta es convertí en un fet històric per al club. El trofeu fou donat al club el dia 12 de juliol de 1857 per l’armador de l’Amèrica, perquè el club fomentés la competició entre nacions, organitzant una regata que tingués aquest trofeu como a premi. La regata s’anomenaria Copa de l’Amèrica, i és, a l’actualitat, la regata més important del món. El Reial Club de Iots de Perth (RPYC) és un club privat amb fins esportius situat a Perth (Austrà- lia Occidental), Austràlia. Fou fundat al 1841, i al 1890, amb la recomanació del Governador, Sir Fre- deric Napier Broome, el club revé el títol de Reial per part de la Reina Victòria I del Regne Unit, a la vega- da que l’Almirantall autoritzava els seus socis arma- dors a enarborar un pavelló nacional especial, blau amb la insígnia del club en el batent. Al 1891, per decisió unànime de la assemblea general de socis, es Fig.
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