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Diplomová Práce PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA Diplomová práce David Kopr Brno 2019 PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA VLIV OBNOVY VÝMLADKOVÉHO HOSPODÁŘSTVÍ VE DVOU LESNÍCH POROSTECH V NP PODYJÍ NA VYBRANÉ ČELEDI SAPROXYLICKÝCH BROUKŮ Diplomová práce David Kopr Vedoucí práce: doc. Dipl.-Biol. Jiří Schlaghamerský, Ph.D. Ústv botaniky a zoologie Brno 2019 Bibliografický záznam Autor: Bc. David Kopr Přírodovědecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita Ústav botaniky a zoologie Vliv obnovy výmladkového hospodářství ve dvou Název práce: lesních porostech v NP Podyjí na vybrané čeledi saproxylických brouků Studijní program: Ekologická a evoluční biologie Studijní obor: Zoologie Vedoucí práce: doc. Dipl.-Biol. Jiří Schlaghamerský, Ph.D. Akademický rok: 2018/2019 Počet stran: 64 Klíčová slova: saproxylický hmyz; brouci; výmladkový les; chráněné druhy Bibliographic Entry Author Bc. David Kopr Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Department of Botany and Zoology The effect of coppice restoration in two forest stands in Title of Thesis: the Podyjí National Park on selected families of saproxylic beetles Degree programme: Biology Field of Study: Ecological and Evolutionary Biology Supervisor: doc. Dipl.-Biol. Jiří Schlaghamerský, Ph.D. Academic Year: 2018/2019 Number of Pages: 64 Keywords: saproxylic insect; beetles; coppice; protected species Abstrakt V této diplomové práci se věnuji vlivu obnovy výmladkového hospodářství na společenstvo saproxylických brouků vybraných čeledí na dvou předržených pařezinách v Národním parku Podyjí. Saproxyličtí brouci jsou jednou z ohrožených ekologických skupin živočichů, převážně z důvodu ztráty vhodných stanovišť pro jejich vývoj. Mnohé druhy těchto brouků jsou vázány na specifické světelné podmínky, které mohou najít v pařezinách. Tento způsob lesního hospodářství však u nás téměř vymizel. Výskyt předržených pařezin na východním okraji Národního parku Podyjí umožnil Správě NP Podyjí v průběhu zimy 2015/2016 iniciovat na dvou plochách o rozměrech přibližně jeden hektar pokus o obnovení pařeziny, či spíše o její připodobnění. Šlo o zákrok provedený za účelem ochrany přírody, částečně na podporu lesních světlomilných a ohrožených druhů rostlin a živočichů, částečně jako experiment, při kterém jsou dlouhodobě sledovány následné změny taxocenózy brouků. Výzkum probíhal pomocí letových nárazových pastí na dvou lokalitách v NP Podyjí v průběhu roku před zákrokem (2015), a dvou let po zákroku (2016 a 2017). V této práci byly studovány především saproxylické druhy brouků z čeledí Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae (jen saproxyličtí zástupci včetně podčeledí Scolytinae a Platypodinae) Elateridae, Eucnemidae, Salpingidae a Throscidae. Hlavním cílem bylo porovnat taxocenózy brouků vybraných čeledí před a po těžebním zásahu a provést srovnání výsledků mezi jednotlivými lety, resp. obdobím před a po zásahu ve studovaných porostech. Během tří let bylo odchyceno 10 758 jedinců brouků náležících k 313 druhům, 45 čeledím a dvěma podčeledím čeledi Curculionidae. Bylo zaznamenáno 56 druhů brouků zařazených v Červeném seznamu ohrožených druhů České republiky (Hejda et al., 2017), z toho čtyři druhy spadají do kategorie kriticky ohrožené. V prvním roce po těžebním zákroku (2015) signifikantně vzrostl počet jedinců i druhů saproxylických brouků vybraných čeledí. Počty druhů ohrožených brouků se po zákroku zvýšily, celkový počet druhů byl o více než polovinu vyšší a počty jedinců mnoha druhů se zdvojnásobily (vyjma čeledi Eucnemidae, kde došlo ke snížení počtu druhů i jedinců). Abstract In this diploma thesis I deal with the effect of the restoration of coppicing on the saproxylic beetles of selected families on two neglected coppices in the Podyjí National Park. Saproxylic beetles are one of the endangered ecological groups of animals, mainly because of the loss of suitable habitats for their development. Many species of these beetles are associated with specific light conditions that they may find in the coppices. However, this kind of forest mangement has almost disappeared in our country. The occurrence of neglected coppices at the eastern edge of the Podyjí National Park enabled the Podyjí NP Administration to initiate the reestablishment of coppicing in two areas of approximately one hectare in winter 2015/2016, or rather to simulate traditional coppice management. This measure was taken for the purpose of nature conservation, partly to support heliophilous and endangered species of plants and animals, partly as an experiment in which the subsequent changes in beetle taxocoenoses are monitored. The research was conducted using flight interception traps in two localities in the Podyjí National Park during the year before the logging (2015), and two years after the logging (2016 and 2017). In this thesis, saproxylic species of beetles from the families Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae (only saproxylic ones including Scolytinae and Platypodinae) Elateridae, Eucnemidae, Salpingidae and Throscidae were studied. The main aim was to compare beetle taxocoenoses of selected families before and after the logging intervention and to compare the assemblages of beetles between years in the studied stands. Within three years, 10,758 specimens of beetles belonging to 313 species, 45 families and two subfamilies of Curculionidae family were captured. There were 56 species of beetles included in the Red List of Endangered Species of the Czech Republic (Hejda et al., 2017), four of which fall into the critically endangered category. The numbers of species of endangered beetles increased after the logging, the total number of species was more than one half higher than before, and the number of individuals of many species doubled (except for the Eucnemidae family, where the number of species and individuals decreased). Poděkování Na tomto místě bych chtěl poděkovat především svému vedoucímu práce, doc. Dipl.- Biol. Jiřímu Schlaghamerskému, Ph.D., za vedení mé práce, trpělivost a cenné rady a připomínky, Mgr. Jiřímu Procházkovi, Ph.D., za pomoc se statistickými analýzami, s determinací a za cenné rady, Ing. Jiřímu Vávrovi, dr. Tomášovi Sitkovi, Ing. Vítězslavu Kubáňovi a Ing. Robertu Stejskalovi, Ph.D., za pomoc s determinací materiálu a Mgr. Zdeňkovi Račanskému za pomoc při práci v terénu. Také bych rád poděkoval svému tátovi, rodině a přátelům, bez jejich podpory by tato práce nikdy nevznikla. Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem svoji diplomovou práci vypracoval samostatně s využitím informačních zdrojů, které jsou v práci citovány. Brno 1. 5. 2019 ……………………………… David Kopr Obsah 1. Úvod ........................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Výmladkové hospodaření.................................................................................... 11 1.2 Saproxylický hmyz.............................................................................................. 15 2. Materiál a metodika ................................................................................................... 16 2.1 Charakteristika studovaného území .................................................................... 17 2.2 Studované plochy................................................................................................. 18 2.3 Metodika sběru dat............................................................................................... 21 2.4 Materiál ............................................................................................................... 23 2.5 Analýza dat ......................................................................................................... 24 3. Výsledky .................................................................................................................... 26 3.1 Srovnání počtů druhů pomocí interpolačních a extrapolačních křivek .............. 27 3.2 Srovnání abundancí a počtů druhů pomocí GLMM ........................................... 29 3.3 Beta diverzita ...................................................................................................... 37 3.4 Ohrožené druhy ................................................................................................... 38 4. Diskuze ....................................................................................................................... 40 4.1 Použití letových nárazových pastí ....................................................................... 40 4.2 Vlastní výzkum ................................................................................................... 40 4.3 Srovnání s výsledky jiných autorů ...................................................................... 42 4.4 Ohrožené druhy ................................................................................................... 44 4.5 Doporučený management .................................................................................... 45 5. Závěr ........................................................................................................................... 46 6. Citace.............. ............................................................................................................ 47 7. Přílohy ........................................................................................................................ 54 1. ÚVOD 1.1. Výmladkové hospodaření Pařezina (výmladkový les, nebo také nízký les) je nejstarší formou obhospodařování lesa především v oblasti nížin a teplých pahorkatin 1. až 2. vegetačního stupně známou tisíce let (např. v Británii jsou známé od neolitu)
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