Procura Della Repubblica Presso Il Tribunale Ordinario Di Milano

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Procura Della Repubblica Presso Il Tribunale Ordinario Di Milano PROCURA DELLA REPUBBLICA PRESSO IL TRIBUNALE ORDINARIO DI MILANO Proc. 54772/13 R.G.N.R. 1 - Sintesi della vicenda 1.1 - Eni, Shell, Etete, il Governo La vicenda oggetto del presente processo riguarda le intese corruttive stabilite tra le società petrolifere Eni e Shell e Dauzia Loya Etete, alias Dan Etete – ex ministro nigeriano del petrolio del governo del Generale Sani Abacha e possessore illegittimo della licenza di esplorazione OPL 245 (Oil Prospecting Licence 245) – per consentire alle due società di ottenere il permesso di esplorazione e successivo sfruttamento sul blocco 245, uno dei più ricchi giacimenti della Nigeria e dell’intera Africa, in cambio di un ingente pagamento di denaro a Dan Etete. Etete agiva in proprio, quale dominus della società Malabu (formale titolare della licenza) e allo stesso tempo rappresentava gli interessi dei suoi sponsor politici con i quali avrebbe dovuto spartire il compenso corruttivo, in primo luogo il presidente della Repubblica Federale della Nigeria Goodluck Jonathan, l’Attorney General Muhamed Adoke Bello e il ministro per le risorse petrolifere Diezani Alison-Madueke. Erano queste, peraltro, persone da decenni in stretti rapporti con Etete essendo stati, rispettivamente, l’insegnante privato dei suoi figli (Jonathan), l’avvocato (Adoke), l’assistente personale (Diezani). Nella trattativa relativa all’OPL 245 hanno sempre mantenuto stretti rapporti con Etete, indirizzandone i comportamenti. Secondo le intese intervenute tra Eni e Shell, Etete e i pubblici ufficiali sopra indicati, il trasferimento della concessione OPL245 - che Dan Etete si era auto-attribuita il 29 aprile 1998, all’epoca in cui era Ministro del Petrolio del governo del cleptocrate generale Abacha - avrebbe dovuto essere accompagnato da una serie di condizioni particolarmente favorevoli alle due società petrolifere, in termini fiscali ed economici. In contropartita Etete avrebbe dovuto ricevere, quale “consideration” la somma di $ 1.092.400.000 che venne effettivamente pagata da Eni (con un contributo cash di Shell di 110 milioni) su un conto escrow presso JP Morgan Chase di Londra intestato al governo nigeriano in data 24.5.2011. Secondo gli accordi, il governo federale, nell’ambito della transazione, avrebbe incassato solamente il signature bonus di 207,9 milioni di dollari che era stato depositato da Shell su un altro conto escrow presso JPMorgan Chase nel 2003, all’atto dell’attribuzione a detta società della licenza a seguito di gara, e da allora tenuto bloccato per le divergenze insorte tra Shell e il governo nigeriano PROCURA DELLA REPUBBLICA Pag. 2 PRESSO IL TRIBUNALE DI MILANO e mai versato al governo. Il signature bonus venne effettivamente versato nelle casse del governo federale poco tempo dopo il pagamento della consideration di $ 1.092.400.000. L’accordo di cui sopra venne perfezionato nel corso di più di un anno, dai primi mesi del 2010 all’aprile 2011. A partire dalla primavera 2010 Eni e Shell, nella persona dei rispettivi capi dell’Upstream Claudio Descalzi e Malcolm Brinded, cominciarono a discutere i termini dell’operazione e definire la somma che avrebbero dovuto versare a Etete per soddisfare le sue pretese e quelle dei pubblici ufficiali dietro di lui. Nella tarda primavera 2010 Descalzi ebbe un incontro riservato (“as a friend”) con il presidente della Nigeria Goodluck Jonathan, che conosceva da tempo. Nel luglio 2010 il governo riconfermò a Etete il 100% della titolarità di OPL245 e la possibilità di disporre della licenza a proprio piacimento. Tra agosto e settembre vi furono incontri ad Abuja tra i vertici Eni e il presidente Jonathan e tra manager Eni e Shell, presenti sulla scena l’intermediario nigeriano Obi e il capo dei servizi segreti (National Security Advisor) Generale Aliyu Gusau. Un’offerta di acquisto presentata in data 30 ottobre da parte di Eni dell’importo di $ 1.053.000.000, convogliata tramite l’intermediario Obi, venne rifiutata da Etete. Nei giorni successivi Shell si adoperò perché la regia della trattativa venisse presa in mano direttamente dal governo, nella persona dell’Attorney General Adoke. Il 15 novembre Adoke convocò Casula e Armanna di Eni, Peter Robinson di Shell e un rappresentante di Malabu. Dopo intensa discussione durata due ore e con telefonate continue al venditore questi ha accettato di chiudere a 1.3 Busd. Questa cifra comprendeva la consideration destinata a Etete – pari alla cifra finale di $ 1.092 mln e il signature bonus. Nelle settimane successive l’Attorney General Adoke, si adoperò anche perché Etete pagasse a Obi almeno una commissione di $55 mln. Dopo la discesa in campo del’Attorney General il ruolo di Obi infatti era rimasto ridimensionato. Obi però pretendeva il pagamento delle sue commissioni. A dicembre la transazione fu semplificata per venire incontro ai problemi reputazionali e di compliance legati alla figura di Etete che erano stati aggravati dall’iniziativa giudiziaria del figlio di Abacha che rivendicava una quota della licenza OPL245. Si decise di non procedere più ad una compravendita della licenza (SPA, Sale and Purchase Agreement) tra le società petrolifere e Malabu ma di costruire l’operazione come una serie di accordi di conciliazione in forza dei quali Etete prestava il suo consenso alla “reallocation” della licenza OPL245 Eni e Shell. In cambio Etete avrebbe preso il denaro. Da documenti in atti sembra che l’elaborazione della nuova struttura della transazione sia stata effettuata da Shell. Ciò fu comunicato dall’Attorney General Adoke a Vincenzo Armanna, Project Leader di Eni, convocato dall’AG a tal fine, il 15 dicembre 2010: PROCURA DELLA REPUBBLICA Pag. 3 PRESSO IL TRIBUNALE DI MILANO - NAE avrebbe rapporti diretti solamente con il FGN e riceverebbe una lettera di award a fronte della firma del resolution agreement da parte di tutte le parti coinvolte e della revoca della licenza a Malabu; - NAE pagherebbe la consideration completa al FGN che poi pagherebbe Malabu che rinuncerebbe ad ogni diritto o pretesa nei confronti dell'asset; - il FGN, tramite il Ministro del Petrolio emetterebbe immediatamente la licenza cointestata a NAE e alla societa' indicata da Shell. In sintesi la transazione nel suo complesso e' identica ma semplifica le interazioni tra le parti [NOTA – grassetto aggiunto] I mesi successivi vennero occupati dalla definizione degli accordi di conciliazione e soprattutto dei termini giuridici e fiscali della nuova concessione. Si dovettero anche superare precise contestazioni mosse da settori della amministrazione nigeriana, sia NNPC che, successivamente, il Dipartimento delle Risorse Petrolifere che denunciava numerose anomalie dell’operazione. Vi fu un rallentamento per le elezioni presidenziali nigeriane e per l’esplodere, in Italia, di un caso giudiziario (inchiesta della Procura di Napoli) che coinvolgeva alcuni dei partecipanti alla trattativa, in primis il faccendiere Luigi Bisignani. Il 29 aprile 2011 veniva infine stipulato un Resolution Agreement tra il governo nigeriano e le due società petrolifere. Nella stessa data venivano firmati due accordi collegati – uno tra il Governo e Malabu (che metteva a disposizione la licenza per consentire la nuova assegnazione in cambio dell’impegno del governo a versare a Malabu $ 1.092.040.000) e l’altro tra il Governo e Shell (che avevano un contenzioso in corso). I pagamenti furono effettuati nel corso dei mesi successivi. 1.2 - Obi, Bisignani, Di Nardo Durante la trattativa tanto Eni che Shell si avvalsero di intermediari per tenere i rapporti con Dan Etete. Eni utilizzò a tale scopo sia i servigi di un ex dipendente, il nigeriano Femi Akinmade, che teneva i contatti principalmente con la struttura di Eni in Nigeria (Pagano e Armanna) che – con un ruolo di massima importanza – i servigi di un giovane uomo d’affari nigeriano, con buone entrature nell’ambiente politico della Nigeria, Chuckwuemeka Zubelum Obi, che agiva tramite la società schermo Energy Venture Partners e aveva ricevuto un mandato da Etete per la vendita dell’OPL245. Obi era stato accreditato quale intermediario nei rapporti tra Eni ed Etete da Luigi Bisignani, noto faccendiere e pluripregiudicato per corruzione. Bisignani era persona vicina al presidente del consiglio dell’epoca Silvio Berlusconi e amico storico dell’amministratore delegato dell’Eni Paolo Scaroni, cui aveva formulato la richiesta di gestire la trattativa tramite Obi. Bisignani teneva i rapporti con Obi attraverso il suo socio nell’affare, Gianluca Di Nardo. L’intermediazione di Obi avrebbe dovuto essere retribuita attraverso lo storno di una parte del prezzo (l’excess price) dalla somma pagata da Eni e Shell. L’excess price era quantificato in una PROCURA DELLA REPUBBLICA Pag. 4 PRESSO IL TRIBUNALE DI MILANO cifra vicina ai duecento milioni di dollari e sarebbe stato destinato, oltre che allo stesso Obi, ai referenti italiani, primi fra tutti Bisignani e Di Nardo e al management Eni. Per tutta la trattativa, fino al mese di febbraio 2011, Obi tenne contatti costanti con il direttore generale della divisione Exploration&Production di Eni, Claudio Descalzi, e con il responsabile Africa Subsahariana di E&P Roberto Casula. I contatti si diradarono grandemente in concomitanza con l’inchiesta giudiziaria della Procura di Napoli che venne alla luce a metà febbraio 2011 e portò a provvedimenti restrittivi nei confronti di Bisignani (che successivamente, nel novembre 2011, patteggiò una pena di anni 1 mesi 7 di reclusione), perquisizioni e audizioni di Bisignani, Di Nardo e Scaroni. Le audizioni riguardavano anche il “giacimento 245”, questione emersa dalle intercettazioni telefoniche che avevano evidenziato contatti nel corso del 2010 tra Bisignani e Scaroni, spesso attraverso la segretaria di quest’ultimo Agnese Fusco. Obi fu dunque tagliato fuori dalla fase conclusiva dell’operazione. Sostanzialmente fu tenuto all’oscuro del closing –i resolution agreements di fine aprile 2011 – e del pagamento della somma ad Etete. Ma Obi non si rassegnò ad essere escluso dalla spartizione dei soldi e minacciò sia Etete che Eni di azioni legali. Attese per alcuni mesi e infine intentò una causa al solo Malabu, il 3 luglio 2011.
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