DOCSLIB.ORG

ESTIMATIVAS DE PARÂMETROS GENÉTICOS E DE ESTABILIDADE EM PROGÊNIES DE SERINGUEIRA ( Hevea Spp .)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ESTIMATIVAS DE PARÂMETROS GENÉTICOS E DE ESTABILIDADE EM PROGÊNIES DE SERINGUEIRA ( Hevea Spp .) DISSERTAÇÃO ESTIMATIVAS DE PARÂMETROS GENÉTICOS E DE ESTABILIDADE EM PROGÊNIES DE SERINGUEIRA ( Hevea spp .) CECÍLIA KHUSALA VERARDI Campinas, SP 2010 Livros Grátis http://www.livrosgratis.com.br Milhares de livros grátis para download. INTITUTO AGRONÔMINO CURSO DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM AGRICULTURA TROPICAL E SUBTROPICAL ESTIMATIVAS DE PARÂMETROS GENÉTICOS E DE ESTABILIDADE EM PROGÊNIES DE SERINGUEIRA (HEVEA spp.) CECÍLIA KHUSALA VERARDI Orientador: Paulo de Souza Gonçalves Dissertação submetida como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Agricultura tropical e subtropical, Área de Concentração em Genética, Melhoramento Vegetal e Biotecnologia Campinas, SP Fevereiro, 2010 Aos meus pais, Aparecida e Renato Verardi, por estarem sempre presentes em minha vida DEDICO iii AGRADECIMENTOS Ao meu orientador Dr. Paulo de Souza Gonçalves pela orientação e pelos ensinamentos científicos; Aos colegas da Seringueira Graziela, Lígia, Patrícia e Adriano pelo convívio e amizade; Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação e aos Professores/Pesquisadores (PG-IAC) pela disposição em nos ajudar e pelos ensinamentos; Aos professores Marcos Deon de Vilela Resende e Reginaldo Brito da Costa pela ajuda no desenvolvimento dos trabalhos produzidos; Aos integrantes da banca examinadora Drª. Maria Elisa A. G. Z. Paterniani e Dr. Mário L. T. Moraes pelas correções e sugestões, Em especial agradeço aos meus pais Renato e Aparecida e aos meus irmãos Narani e Henrique pelo apoio, carinho e por estarem sempre presentes em minha vida; Com carinho agradeço ao meu namorado João Claudio por estar sempre ao meu lado, pelo apoio e por nunca me deixar desistir, pelo amor, e pela enorme paciência que me dedica, Aos amigos Flávio Cese Arantes e Janete Motta da Silva que mesmo de longe ajudaram nos momentos de dúvidas, tanto pessoais como profissionais; Às amigas Bárbhara, Laís, Lenita e Simone pelo apoio, companheirismo, e amizade sincera; Aos colegas do curso de Genética, Melhoramento Vegetal e Biotecnologia, especialmente aos amigos Guilherme e Jean pela amizade e companheirismo; Aos colegas de Pós-Graduação pelos momentos de descontração; Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e á Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pelo apoio financeiro. iv SUMÁRIO LISTA DE TABELAS.......................................................... ................................... vii RESUMO................................................................................................................. ix ABSTRACT............................................................................................................ x 1 INTRODUÇÃO.................................................................................................... 1 2 REVISÃO DE LITERARUTA............................................................................. 3 2.1 Histórico da Seringueira..................................................................................... 3 2.2 Aspectos Botânicos............................................................................................ 4 2.2.1 Taxonomia da Hevea ...................................................................................... 4 2.2.2 Senescência e florescimento........................................................................... 4 2.2.3 Frutos e sementes............................................................................................ 6 2.2.4 Hábito de crescimento e produção de látex.................................................... 7 2.3 Sistema de Propagação...................................................................................... 8 2.4 Citologia do Gênero Hevea ................................................................................ 9 2.5 Localização Geográfica e Áreas de Cultivos no Brasil...................................... 10 2.6 Importância Socioeconômica e Ambiental........................................................ 11 2.7 Melhoramento Genético da Seringueira............................................................. 13 2.7.1 Genética quantitativa e parâmetros genéticos................................................. 16 2.7.2 Componentes de variância e herdabilidade..................................................... 17 2.7.3 Ganho de seleção............................................................................................ 18 2.7.4 Interação genótipo x ambiente, estabilidade e adaptabilidade........................ 19 2.7.5 Índice-Multiefeito........................................................................................... 21 2.7.6 Fundamentos teóricos do procedimento Reml/Blup....................................... 22 3 OBJETIVO............................................................................................................ 24 4 METERIAL E MÉTODOS................................................................................... 24 4.1 Material................................................................................................... ........... 24 4.2 Métodos.............................................................................................................. 25 4.3 Análise de Variância.......................................................................................... 26 4.3.1 Análise de variância individual....................................................................... 26 4.3.2 Análise de variância conjunta......................................................................... 27 4.3.3 Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos......................................... 28 v 4.3.4 Seleção pelo tipo de propagação e pelo ganho de seleção pelo Método Índice-Multiefeitos.......................................................................................... 29 4.3.5 Estabilidade e adaptabilidade.......................................................................... 31 5 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO.......................................................................... 31 5.1 Análise Individual.............................................................................................. 31 5.2 Análise Conjunta................................................................................................ 33 5.3 Estimativa de Parâmetros Genéticos.................................................................. 34 5.3.1 Herdabilidade.................................................................................................. 34 5.3.2 Acurácia seletiva e coeficiente de determinação dos efeitos da parcela......... 36 5.3.3 Variâncias genotípicas e fenotípicas............................................................... 37 5.3.4 Variâncias de interação genótipo x ambiente.................................................. 37 5.3.5 Coeficientes de variação genética................................................................... 38 5.3.6 Ganhos genéticos............................................................................................ 39 5.4 Seleção pelo Tipo de Propagação e pelo Ganho de Seleção pelo Método Índice-Multiefeitos............................................................................................. 42 5.5 Estabilidade e Adaptabilidade............................................................................ 50 6 CONCLUSÕES................................................................................................. 56 7 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS.................................................................. 57 vi LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 1 - Características geográficas dos locais de experimentação relativos ao estudo de progênies no Estado de São Paulo ........................................... 25 Tabela 2 - Esquema de análise de variância e esperança dos quadrados médios e [E(QM)] segundo o delineamento de blocos casualizados ao nível de indivíduo................................................................................................ 27 Tabela 3 -Esquema de análise de variância dos quadrados médios [E(QM)], considerando-se o modelo para análise conjunta em blocos casualizados........................................................................................... 28 Tabela 4 - Médias, quadrados médios das análises de variância e coeficientes de variação experimental (CVe%) relativas as variáveis produção de borracha (PB), perímetro do caule (PC), e número de anéis (NA), de 22 progênies de seringueira avaliadas em três locais do Estado de São Paulo....................................................................................................... 32 Tabela 5 - Valores dos quadrados médio, coeficiente de variação experimental (CVe%) e média geral, obtidos quanto à produção de borracha (PB), perímetro do caule (PC), e número de anéis (NA), referentes à análise conjunta de 22 progênies de seringueira, em três locais do Estado de São Paulo................................................................................................ 34 Tabela 6 - Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para as variáveis produção de borracha (PB), perímetro do caule (PC) e número de anéis (NA) referentes às análises individuais de 22 progênies de seringueira avaliadas em três locais no Estado de São Paulo................................... 40 Tabela 7 - Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos para as variáveis produção de borracha (PB), perímetro do caule (PB), e número de anéis (NA), referentes à análise conjunta de 22 progênies de seringueira avaliadas em três locais do Estado de São Paulo..................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Matter-Catalogue.Pdf
    matter worlds of potential, within various mundane substances, sean o’connell as utilised in the creation of a great many things, 2019 and herein explored through high voltage discharge imaging worlds of potential Matter is a tricky thing to define, because it surrounds us. It makes up our bodies and is continually replenished by food and breath. Through matter, we encounter the world. We touch, taste, see - we build, cut, grind, bind and join. When we act in the world, we act upon matter - using tools that are made of matter. We build cities and houses to inhabit, weave and sew clothes to wear, manufacture cars to drive, and launch satellites of metal and glass to direct our vision from empty space - we bind matter into almost every aspect of our lives. In interacting with the world of matter, we are constantly negotiating new possibilities. Our use of matter allows us to realise and extend our needs and desires, through the natural qualities of various materials - qualities which are revealed through experience over time. We become familiar with materials - what they can do, where they are found, how they are processed, their natural tendencies, limits of strength and durability - we get to know them. With this familiarity we work them, with our hopes and desires, adjusting to the way these materials work. The qualities of a material not only determine what we can do with it, but give rise to new ideas and desires, possibilities expanding as the relationship of working deepens. This understanding, of processes and potentialities, is passed to other makers, down generations, through time and across “If you don’t understand what is earthen, how do you understand what is heavenly?” cultures.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Analysis of the Coca-Cola Company
    STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF THE COCA-COLA COMPANY Dinesh Puravankara B Sc (Dairy Technology) Gujarat Agricultural UniversityJ 991 M Sc (Dairy Chemistry) Gujarat Agricultural University, 1994 PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION In the Faculty of Business Administration Executive MBA O Dinesh Puravankara 2007 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2007 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author APPROVAL Name: Dinesh Puravankara Degree: Master of Business Administration Title of Project: Strategic Analysis of The Coca-Cola Company. Supervisory Committee: Mark Wexler Senior Supervisor Professor Neil R. Abramson Supervisor Associate Professor Date Approved: SIMON FRASER UNIVEliSITY LIBRARY Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection (currently available to the public at the "lnstitutional Repository" link of the SFU Library website <www.lib.sfu.ca> at: ~http:llir.lib.sfu.calhandle/l8921112>)and, without changing the content, to translate the thesislproject or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work.
    [Show full text]
  • Mexico Is the Number One Consumer of Coca-Cola in the World, with an Average of 225 Litres Per Person
    Arca. Mexico is the number one Company. consumer of Coca-Cola in the On the whole, the CSD industry in world, with an average of 225 litres Mexico has recently become aware per person; a disproportionate of a consolidation process destined number which has surpassed the not to end, characterised by inventors. The consumption in the mergers and acquisitions amongst USA is “only” 200 litres per person. the main bottlers. The producers WATER & CSD This fizzy drink is considered an have widened their product Embotelladoras Arca essential part of the Mexican portfolio by also offering isotonic Coca-Cola Group people’s diet and can be found even drinks, mineral water, juice-based Monterrey, Mexico where there is no drinking water. drinks and products deriving from >> 4 shrinkwrappers Such trend on the Mexican market milk. Coca Cola Femsa, one of the SMI LSK 35 F is also evident in economical terms main subsidiaries of The Coca-Cola >> conveyor belts as it represents about 11% of Company in the world, operates in the global sales of The Coca Cola this context, as well as important 4 installation. local bottlers such as ARCA, CIMSA, BEPENSA and TIJUANA. The Coca-Cola Company These businesses, in addition to distributes 4 out of the the products from Atlanta, also 5 top beverage brands in produce their own label beverages. the world: Coca-Cola, Diet SMI has, to date, supplied the Coke, Sprite and Fanta. Coca Cola Group with about 300 During 2007, the company secondary packaging machines, a worked with over 400 brands and over 2,600 different third of which is installed in the beverages.
    [Show full text]
  • Bar and Beverages
    Bar and Beverage Planning Guidelines D’Amico Catering can provide a full bar set-up in a range of prices per person depending on the brand of product and length of time requested. Your D’Amico Catering Event Planner will be happy to help you determine the type of service and bar option that best meets your needs. Bar Options Hosted Bars Billed-On-Consumption Bar will be estimated at an average price per person based on the length of time and bar service selected. Final bill will be adjusted to reflect the amount consumed and the client will be charged or refunded accordingly. Hosted Bar Packages A set price per person will be calculated based on the length of time and bar package selected. Any additions to the bar package will be billed separately. Cash Bars Guests at the event will purchase their own beverages at the bar. Cash bar prices are inclusive of the appropriate tax and service charge. Alcohol-By-Client Packages (available at select off-premise locations only) Three options are offered to clients who want to purchase some or all of their bar products, but still use D’Amico Catering's glassware, bartenders and liquor license. Enhancements The bar packages have been carefully created and priced to provide a variety of bar options and to best meet the needs of our clients. For this reason, products in each package will not be altered. Items outside of the selected package may be added to the bar upon request and the client will be charged accordingly. Items that are listed in our bar menu will be billed on consumption.
    [Show full text]
  • “The Coca-Cola Company” Annual Economic Report for the Fiscal Year Ended at December 31, 2006
    “THE COCA-COLA COMPANY” ANNUAL ECONOMIC REPORT FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED AT DECEMBER 31, 2006 CONTENTS 1. General………………………………………………………………………………………….2 2. Operating Segments……………………………………………………………………………2 3. Products and Distribution……………………………………………………………………..3 4. Seasonality……………………………………………………………………………………...6 5. Competition…………………………………………………………………………………….6 6. Raw Materials………………………………………………………………………………….7 7. Patents, Copyrights, Trade Secrets and Trademarks……………………………………….7 8. Employees………………………………………………………………………………………8 9. Risk Factors…………………………………………………………………………………….8 10. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations…………………………………………………………………………………...14 10. 1 Overview…………………………………………………………………………………………14 10. 2 Our Business…………………………………………………………………………………….15 10.2.1 General………………………………………………………………………...…………..15 10.2.2 The Nonalcoholic Beverages Segment of the Commercial Beverages Industry..……..16 10.2.3 Our Objective……………………………………………………………………………..16 10.2.4 Areas of Focus…………………………………………………………………………….16 10.2.4.1 Consumer Marketing………………………………………………..………..16 10.2.4.2 Customer and Commercial Leadership…………………………………..….16 10.2.4.3 Franchise Leadership……………………………………………….………...16 10.2.5 Challenges and Risks…………………………………………….……………………….17 10.3 Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates……………………………………………………18 10.3.1 Basis of Presentation and Consolidation…………………………………………..…….18 10.3.2 Revenue Recognition…………………………………………………………..………….18 10.3.3 Income Taxes………………….…………………………………………………………..18 10.4 Operations Review……………………………………………………………………………….19
    [Show full text]
  • 0 256 293 932 Fax: +1 860 68 85 577 Fax: +40 256 293 932 [email protected] [email protected]
    ƒ Arca ƒ 5100 Tibet Spring Water ƒ Suntory ƒ Sinalco International ƒ Al Rawdatain ƒ SUN Inbev Ukraine Magazine 2008 02 02 DP010281 - ESPAÑOL www.smigroup.it sminow I magazine en este número Published by: SMI S.p.A. INSTALLATION Marketing Dept. Via Piazzalunga, 30 4. México: Arca 24015 San Giovanni Bianco (BG) ITALY 12. China: 5100 Tibet Spring Water Tel.: +39 0345 40111 Fax: +39 0345 40209 18. Japón: Suntory [email protected] www.smigroup.it 22. Jordania: Sinalco International Contributors to this issue: 28. Kuwait: Al Rawdatain Arca - 5100 Tibet Spring Water - Suntory - Sinalco International 32. Ucrania: SUN Inbev - Al Rawdatain - SUN Inbev Ukraine Printed in 14,000 paper copies Available in: Italian, English, French, Spanish, Portoguese, Russian and Chinese. INNOVATION Product pictures in this issue are shown 38. Nueva TS: Dos paquetes en uno for reference only. 40. Sopladoras SR: Con paso…reducido 42. Sopladoras SR: La automatización está integrada 44. Smipack: Nuevas enfardadoras automáticas en línea ßP800AS, ßP802AS y ßP1102AS INFORMATION 48. Customer Service Centre: Planificar, Resolver, Mantener, Mejorar 58. Informe 2008: Smigroup consolida una óptima posición en el mercado. 60. Ferias comerciales: Récord de afluencia en el 2008 62. Emballage 2008: París capital del embalaje en este número USA 31 México 20 +7,8% al año mil millones de litros mil millones crece el consumo de de litros agua embotellada Con un consumo mundial equivalente a 180 mil millones de litros, el segmento del agua embotellada TOP 4 es el más consistente del sector de las bebidas. Europa occidental y América del Norte absorben la cuota más relevante del consumo (40%).
    [Show full text]
  • The Coca-Cola Company Is the Largest Manufacturer, Distributor and Marketer of Nonalcoholic Beverage Concentrates and Syrups in the World
    UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ፤ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 OR អ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File No. 1-2217 20FEB200406462039 (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) DELAWARE 58-0628465 (State or other jurisdiction of (IRS Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) One Coca-Cola Plaza Atlanta, Georgia 30313 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (404) 676-2121 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered COMMON STOCK, $0.25 PAR VALUE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ፤ No អ Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes អ No ፤ Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ፤ No អ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.
    [Show full text]
  • Simei 2009 Informative Dossier on the Beer Industry
    THE FIRST 10 NATIONAL BEER MARKETS SIMEI 2009 Rank Nation Population Beer production % Per head INFORMATIVE DOSSIER (Million (million hl) Variations 2008 inhabitants) 2000 2008 ON THE BEER INDUSTRY 1 CHINA 1.339 220 410 +76,5 32 litres/year 2 USA 302 233 232 -0.3 83 litres/year 2008 World Production and Consumption 3 URSS 141 55 114 +107,7 81 litres/year 4 BRAZIL 191 83 106 +29 57 litres/year Again in 2008, despite the general financial and economic crisis the world beer markets managed to record an upward trend. 5 GERMANY 82 110 103 -8,3 111 litres/year According to the data published in the latest Barth Report, world consumption and production of beer in 2008 totalled 1.816 6 MEXICO 105 58 82 +42 60 litres/year million hectolitres, showing a 1.6% increase on the previous year, lower though than average growth rates (approx. 3% per 7 JAPAN 128 71 61 -13,9 52 litres/year annum) of the recent past. Consumption did however slow down on some important markets, particularly in the last three 8 UNITED KINGDOM 60 55 50 -10,5 88 litres/year months of the year. World consumption per head settled at 27 litres/per year. 9 POLOND 38 24 36 +48,3 93 litres/year 10 SPAIN 45 26 33 +26,5 84 litres/year The world consumption of beer recorded a better trend than other alcoholic drinks, in view of certain decisive advantages: Top 10 2.431 935 1.227 +31,2 50 litres/year - beer is the least alcoholic drink and as such creates less “alarmism” with consumers and authorities Other markets 4.299 445 589 +32,4 14 litres/year - beer is the alcoholic drink that
    [Show full text]
  • Coca-Cola Company
    Corporate Responsibility Reporting on the Consumer Perspective Case: Coca-Cola Company Laura Halttunen Jani Inkilä Bachelor’s thesis 5. 12. 2014 Kuopio Bachelor’s degree (UAS) SAVONIA UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES THESIS Abstract Field of Study Social Sciences, Business and Administration Degree Programme Degree Programme in International Business Author(s) Laura Halttunen, Jani Inkilä Title of Thesis Corporate Responsibility Reporting on the Consumer Perspective – Case Coca-Cola Company Date 5.12.2014 Pages/Appendices 98/13 Supervisor(s) Minna Tarvainen, Anneli Juutilainen Client Organization/Partners Abstract Corporate responsibility and utilising the full potential behind it is a powerful tool for any company. Many companies and organizations have made investigations and reports to enable them to reach this full potential. The purpose of the present research was to study the level of consumer awareness towards corporate responsibility through the role of media channels. The objective was to study the scope of corporate responsibility from the consumer perspective and provide an association between theories and practical solutions. A further aim was to explain historical roots and the development of the concept, as well as the ideologies behind it and study customers’ awareness about the phenomenon; one important factor being the media. The theoretical framework is constructed on a literature review consisting of various books, academic and non-academic articles, and online publications. A qualitative interview with 20 participants was used to elicit the consumer viewpoint. Coca-Cola Company’s sustainability and GRI reports and strategies for the 2011-2013 financial years were analysed. The results indicate that the functional utilization of corporate responsibility requires concrete actions rather than a polished veneer.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coca-Cola Company from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Jump To: Navigation, Search
    The Coca-Cola Company From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search The Coca-Cola Company Type Public (NYSE: KO) Founded 1892 (1892) Headquarters Atlanta, Georgia, United States Area served Worldwide Muhtar Kent Key people (Chairman and CEO)[1] Industry Beverage Coca-Cola Carbonated Soft Drinks Products Water Other Non-alcoholic beverages [2] Revenue ▲ US$ 31.944 billion (2008) [3] Operating income ▲ US$ 8.446 billion (2008) Net income ▼ US$ 5.807 billion (2008) Total assets ▼ US$ 40.519 billion (2008) Total equity ▼ US$ 20.472 billion (2008) Employees 92,400 (October 2009) The Coca-Cola Company Corporate Website Website One of the Coca-Cola Company's headquarters buildings in Atlanta The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE: KO) is the world's largest beverage company, largest manufacturer, distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups in the world and is one of the largest corporations in the United States. The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in 1886. The Coca-Cola formula and brand was bought in 1889 by Asa Candler who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company in 1892. Besides its namesake Coca-Cola beverage, Coca-Cola currently offers nearly 400 brands in over 200 countries or territories and serves 1.5 billion servings each day.[4] The company operates a franchised distribution system dating from 1889 where The Coca- Cola Company only produces syrup concentrate which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold an exclusive territory. The Coca-Cola Company is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coca-Cola Company - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    The Coca-Cola Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company The Coca-Cola Company AmazonTwitter From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 1 of 10 1/ 1/ 011 1:01 AM The Coca-Cola Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company The Coca-Cola Company Type Public (N(SE: K, (http://www.nyse.com/about/listed /.uick.uote.html/ticker0ko1 1 2ow 3ones Industrial Average Component Industry 6everage Founded 188 Headquarters Atlanta, 9eorgia, :.S. Area served Worldwide Key people Muhtar Kent (Chairman and CE,1;1] Products Coca-Cola Carbonated Soft 2rinks Water ,ther Non-alcoholic beverages; ] ;3] Revenue :S$31.0 6illion (FY 20091 ;3] Operating :S$8. 3 6illion (FY 20091 income ;3] et income :S$5.8 6illion (FY 20091 ;4] Total assets :S$48.A 6illion (FY 20091 ;4] Total equity :S$ 4.8 6illion (FY 20091 Employees 8 ,800 (July 20101 Website ,fficial Website (http://www.thecoca- colacompany.com/1 of 10 1/ 1/ 011 1:01 AM The Coca-Cola Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company The Coca-Cola Company (N(SE: K, (http://www.nyse.com /about/listed/quickquote.html/ticker0ko) ) is a beverage retailer, manufacturer and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in 1886. The Coca-Cola formula and brand was bought in 1889 by Asa Candler who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company in 1892. 6esides its namesake Coca-Cola beverage, Coca-Cola currently offers more than 500 brands in over 200 countries or territories and serves 1.6 billion servings each day.;5] The company operates a franchised distribution system dating from 1889 where The Coca-Cola Company only produces syrup concentrate which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold an exclusive territory.
    [Show full text]
  • Curso 2013-2014
    Curso 2013-2014 Temario La materia se divide en cinco partes: Parte I. El medio físico Tema 1.- La Tierra. Tema 2.- El clima. Tema 3.- El medio ambiente. Tema 4.- El medio físico español. Parte II. El medio humano Tema 5.- La población. Tema 6.- Hábitat rural y urbano. Parte III. La actividad económica Tema 7.- El sector primario Tema 8.- El sector secundario Tema 9.- El sector terciario. Servicios, transportes, turismo. Tema 10.- Sistemas económicos Parte IV. La organización política Tema 11.- Los sistemas políticos. El sistema democrático. Tema 12.- La Unión Europea Parte V. Madrid Tema 13.- La Comunidad de Madrid Convenciones: ⌦ Indica que tendrá que ser completado por el alumno [….] Señala carácter opcional., informativo… Geografía. Página 2 Índice 1.- La Tierra...................................................................................................................... 5 Tamaño y forma............................................................................................................ 5 Proyecciones................................................................................................................. 6 Mapas topográficos ...................................................................................................... 6 Escala............................................................................................................................ 7 Coordenadas geográficas.............................................................................................. 7 Husos horarios .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]