MANSFIELD DISTRICT COUNCIL Working for the future
This Guide has been printed by Hawthornes of Nottingham on Paperback Evolution coated paper, which is made up from 75% recycled fibre.
JULY 2004
Sustainable Developer Guide
FOR NOTTINGHAMSHIRE FOREWORD
By Jonathon Porritt Chair of the Sustainable Development Commission and Director of Forum of the Future.
This proactive Guide is exactly It fills me with optimism to see The benefits to developers of industry. This Guide will help what is needed to boost knowledge Nottinghamshire local authorities following this Guide are numerous. developers stay ahead of about sustainable development combining forces and working in Investing in more sustainable future regulation, and on top solutions and it comes at a critical partnership with the Environment design provides a real pay back of consumer demand. time for developers. Agency and the Newark and from lower running and building Sherwood Energy Agency to lead maintenance costs. Investing in Much firmer UK government the way on this agenda – an skills to deliver more sustainable leadership is finally emerging on area that we in the UK have design and building techniques sustainable design and construction. lagged behind on for far too will ensure the long-term viability Stricter building regulations for long. The innovative building and competitiveness of the energy efficiency and low carbon projects highlighted in this buildings are on their way. The Guide provide clear examples of writing is on the wall from what is already being achieved Brussels too, with the EU by some leading-edge developers Sustainable Buildings Directive on the ground. They provide a requiring much higher standards body of best practice for others from developers before 2006. to learn from. CONTENTS
PARTNERSHIP: Who’s Involved? Introduction Page 3 This Guide has been prepared by a Using the Guide Page 4 partnership of Nottinghamshire local authorities, the Environment Agency Planning Context Pages 5 (Lower Trent Area) and Newark & Land Use, Layout and Landscape Pages 6 - 7 Sherwood Energy Agency. All project Travel and Transport Pages 8 - 9 partners are listed on page 35 along- Building Design and Specification Pages 10 - 11 side the Glossary. The work has been led by Nottinghamshire County Energy Use Pages 12 - 13 Council’s Environment Department Renewable Energy Pages 14 - 15 (Sustainability Team) Health and Pollution Pages 16 - 17 with contributions from the following consultancies: Waste Minimisation Pages 18 - 19 • Hockerton Housing Project Water Use and Drainage Pages 20 - 21 • Benchmark Graphics Ltd Biodiversity Pages 22 - 23 • Amanda Miller Communications Community Pages 24 - 25 DISCLAIMER Historic Environment Pages 26 - 27 The information that this document contains is for guidance only and is as Maintenance and Management Page 28 accurate as possible at the time of Appendices: publication. The Partnership accepts no I Extended Case Studies Pages 29 - 31 liability for the consequences of any II Useful Contacts Pages 31 - 33 reader acting upon inaccurate or out-of-date reference material or a Key Organisations planning advice. It will be updated at b Local Planning Authorities appropriate intervals on the project III Useful Publications Page 34 website. IV Glossary and Project Partners Page 35 www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk
2 Sustainable Developer Guide for Notts (2004) INTRODUCTION
If we accept the need to live more sustainable lifestyles, then we should accept that planning, design and construction standards need to be raised so that the benefits of sustainable buildings in sustainable locations are increasingly available.
The Sustainable Developer Guide Clearly environmental damage can It offers: is intended as a useful resource for have severe social and economic • A reliable set of recommendations anyone involved in the development consequences, and thus responsible on a range of key topics. process. Its main focus is on governments, organisations and • Directions to the most relevant planning and design, but it also individuals are committed to sources of practical information offers advice about the construction reducing their greenhouse gas – publications and web sites. and maintenance of buildings emissions. Buildings are major • A range of case studies that have and considers how the wider sources of carbon dioxide emissions successfully incorporated several impacts of development can be (almost half of the UK total) associated sustainable elements. managed (for example waste with energy use in construction This Guide demonstrates that it is and transport issues). and operation, and there is now relatively easy, and not necessarily more expensive, for designers and This publication aims to provide a straightforward and builders to improve on their current Conservatory at Hockerton Housing Project. accessible path through the maze of published advice performance in delivering beneficial about sustainable development. environmental and social outcomes. The publication of this guide is To date, experience shows that therefore timely. Whilst it does not The principal reason for seeking widespread recognition of the role sustainable buildings can be easier provide a set of rules or standards, sustainable solutions in design and of planning and design in achieving to market as well as cheaper to run, it does signpost the route to better construction is environmental - it significant savings. and tend to hold their value practice. In this way, it is intended will minimise adverse impacts compared to conventional designs. to complement the advice of upon our precious planet, especially The main role of this Guide is to architects, town planners, from greenhouse gases which can inform and inspire developers, At present, the environmental builders, landscape designers and give rise to climate change, so that householders and their advisers, dimension of many planning other specialists in the field. The it can be passed on to future and to demonstrate that more proposals is only partially aim is to provide a straightforward generations with an adequate sustainable choices, which respect addressed. Local planning and accessible path through the stock of resources (energy, water, the environment and take a authorities’ powers are mainly maze of published advice about minerals etc.) for their needs. long-term perspective, are within focussed on the spatial and visual sustainable development, and, in their reach. impact of a development rather doing so, it is hoped to raise the than its long-term impact on design quality of schemes coming natural resources, health, climate forward for planning approval. etc. The 2004 planning legislation and emerging guidance suggests that this sustainable agenda will increasingly become part of mainstream policy and practice, and be instrumental in shaping planning negotiations.
Tighter building regulations are also planned from 2005 and there are moves towards a national code for sustainable building driven by an EU Energy Performance Directive that comes into force in 2006. Construction site at Sherwood Energy Village.
www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk 3
USING THE GUIDE
Although this Guide contains a wealth of reference material and of recommendations, it is simple to use and not prescriptive. It is intended to be of value to commercial developers, planning consultants, community and environmental groups, householders and small entrepreneurs as well as local authority planners and designers.
The sustainable solutions put • Further Resources have agreed to convert the Guide forward in this Guide have been Lists key reference material, onto a web-based format, which divided into twelve topic headings, including websites and publications will facilitate and allow regular each representing different (with contacts where available), monitoring and updating with links aspects of development. These which are related to the to other related websites. topics overlap, so each chapter recommended solutions. should not be viewed in isolation. The most frequently quoted The Guide’s website address is: Every topic is presented as a organisations are highlighted www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk double page spread. For ease of and then listed in more detail reference they have all been under Useful Contacts in A further development of the structured in the same way with Appendix II. In addition, Useful Guide is planned for those background and resource material Publications are listed in involved in smaller scale building Glazed walkway at Nottingham City on the left hand page and Appendix III, many of which projects such as house extensions Housing Association site at Newark. questions/solutions and case cover a range of topics - and and changes of use. A leaflet or studies on the right. Each double thus may not occur in individual ‘Compact’ Guide will be available in page is made up of the following topic chapters. late 2004 from local planning five sections: authority reception areas, The signposted information under libraries and elsewhere. It will • Introduction Further Resources is viewed as a highlight key messages from the Indicates the context of the topic critical part of the Guide, most relevant chapters of the and the extent of its significance although, in a fast changing world, main document - notably Building in sustainability terms. it cannot claim to be comprehensive Design and Specification, Energy or wholly up to date. Use, Water Use & Drainage and • Forces for Change Consequently, the Project Partners Waste Minimisation. Sets out the factors that are driving the sustainability agenda, such as new policy or emerging legislation.
• What are the Sustainable Solutions? Consists of a series of bullet point recommendations in response to questions about how best to proceed.
• Case Studies Represents the best of what is already happening at the local level. Contact details are provided and more extensive information NET Line One: Station Street tram stop with view of city centre to the north. about four key exemplar projects is included in Appendix I.
4 Sustainable Developer Guide for Notts (2004)
PLANNING CONTEXT
The role of town and country planning is primarily to manage change to the physical environment. It is generally concerned with ensuring that development proposals reflect community aspirations, and increasingly it will represent the perceived needs of future generations.
The planning system regulates specialist statutory organisations Strategic Guidance You are strongly advised to contact development in the public interest, that input to the planning process. The middle tier of planning policy is your LPA about the content of exercising control over the land use An example would be the occupied by two strategic documents these plans/documents. You and design aspects of your proposal Environment Agency having an which are mainly of relevance if you should be aware that there are which will entail dealing with its interest where a major drainage are bringing forward a larger building specialised Minerals and Waste wider impacts (e.g. noise, waste or facility or a waste licence is required. project: Local Plans which apply across the choice of materials). Under the whole county. Planning and Compulsory Purchase LPAs will employ various tools to • Regional Planning Guidance for Act (2004) plans will be prepared address planning and design issues the East Midlands (RPG8) – Supplementary Planning “with a view to contributing to the for certain larger and/or more which sets out strategic policies Guidance/Documents achievement of sustainable sensitive sites. Some of these are where there is a clear regional LPAs are able to produce development”. described later under dimension (eg loss of biodiversity). supplementar y planning guidance Supplementary Planning Guidance. The approved RPG8 (2002) is (SPG) which may take the form You should bear in mind that the subject to revision as at 2004 of design guides, area or site system is statutory, i.e. governed by Planning Policy and will become a Regional development briefs or issue- legislation, and that decisions are Guidance/Statements Spatial Strategy (RSS) under the based documents that elaborate steered by planning guidance and The principal form of central planning reforms. on policies (or proposals) in local policies that filter to the local level government guidance which plans/LDDS and indicate where from the national level. This enables influences the planning system is a • Joint Structure Plan (JSP) for design constraints and opportunities LPAs to reflect both a need for national series of Planning Policy Guidance Nottinghamshire and may occur. Some SPGs, for example, consistency and for local diversity. notes (PPGs) issued by the Office of Nottingham which interprets specify the types of contribution the Deputy Prime Minister RPG and indicates the broad that may be expected from larger It is important to get advice from (ODPM). These set out policy distribution of land required for site developers, such as those your Local Planning Authority (LPA) thinking on a broad range of future housing and employment towards open space or transport before starting any development, topics, from housing and transport throughout the county (by provision, and some focus upon whether new or refurbishment. The to renewable energy, and must be sub-areas and districts). It is environmental performance criteria. LPAs in Nottinghamshire are listed taken into account by local likely to be adopted by the end Under the new system they will be in Appendix II. LPA officers will be authorities and government of 2005 when it will supercede known as supplementary planning able to let you know how the system agencies when they write their the existing approved County documents (SDD). works and whether you need planning policies or consider Structure Plan (1996); however, planning permission and/or building development proposals. Where beyond 2005 when the JSP Building Regulations regulation approval for your proposal. PPGs are of particular relevance to eventually becomes out-of- Building Regulations ensure the For most new buildings both the topic covered by this Guide, date, it is not due to be replaced health and safety of people in and approvals will be required, and they are listed in the Further under the new planning system. around buildings by setting out you will need to submit formal Resources section of the chapter standards for building design and applications. The LPA will advise on with an indication of where they Local Development construction. They are subject to a the necessary information to are available from. Plans/Documents separate approval system - normally accompany them and the size of fees. Strategic documents are interpreted with checks on site. You should be PPGs have been subject to review by local plans which offer more aware of a 2003 revision to Part L Talking in advance about planning since 2003 and they will be detailed policy advice and are the which sets higher energy efficiency proposals can often smooth the replaced by shorter, more focussed principal reference point for standards and which will be planning process, avoiding the Planning Policy Statements (PPSs), decisions on planning applications. revised again as from 2005. You costs associated with lengthy intended to set out government Under the planning reforms, these should contact the Building negotiations and delays whilst policy more concisely . Some PPSs plans will start to be replaced by Control team at your local authority additional information is sought. are already at the draft stage. Local Development Documents (District, Borough or City Councils) Proposals are often referred to (LDDs) as from 2005. for advice and information. and/or discussed with one or more www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk 5
LAND USE LAYOUT & LANDSCAPE
Among natural resources, the greatest, unquestionably, is the land. Study how a society uses that land, and you can come to pretty reliable conclusions as to what its future will be. E F Schumacher (1973)
A sustainable approach to managing FORCES FOR CHANGE land implies a distribution and • Increased pressure on countryside layout of new activities that creates and wildlife from new maximum opportunity and development. accessibility for current and future generations whilst minimising the • Policy requirement to concentrate loss of natural resources. New most development in urban development should contribute to areas and on previously developed establishing healthy environments (ie ‘brownfield’) land. and diverse communities (see Health & Pollution and Community). • Continued increase in growth of Wherever possible, development traffic congestion and car should be located on those sites Newark Market Place Town Centre Improvement Scheme in ownership levels. West Bridgford. which are most accessible to good • A decline in household size public transport links, local jobs Building at higher densities will require a return to leading to greater demand for and housing, health, education the strong urban tradition that makes historic places new housing. and other services. The layout of development should help to attractive and desirable. • Climate change considerations reduce the need to travel, encourage (eg. risk of flooding and level of mixed use development and provide ecological and historic value which of information on local character. wind exposure). high quality areas of public should not be underestimated and The aim is to create attractive open and greenspace for leisure, • Growing recognition at will need to be carefully environments in which people recreation and relaxation. government level of the role of assessed and protected prior to live and work and to contribute Previously developed land and good design in achieving development. to the regeneration of areas, with buildings are an excellent resource sustainable development. The character of the surrounding benefits for the wider community. and should be used as a priority to area should inform the approach Carefully designed layouts can restrict the loss of greenfield sites. to the design and landscaping of play a key role in delivering energy Such brownfield sites will often be new development. The County efficiency and in promoting higher located in areas with good existing Council’s landscape character densities that maximise the use infrastructure. These sites may have assessment is a valuable source of land.
Further Resources WEBSITES landscape character, sense of FURTHER READING • Sustainable Settlements: a • The Urban Village: What does • Bioregional Development place and has a number of useful • By Design: Urban Design in the Guide for Planners, Designers it contribute to sustainable Group publications. Planning System. Towards and Developers development? www.bioregional.com Better Practice. H. Barton et al (ESRC, 2002) An innovative organisation • Royal Town Planning Institute By Design: Better Places to Live University of the West of England working on a range of projects www.rtpi.org.uk - A companion guide to PPG3. (1995) • The Use of Density in Urban that enable sustainable uses of DETR / CABE (Thomas Telford, Planning. the local natural environment. • UK Climate Impacts London, 2000 & 2001) • Sustainable Residential DETR, London (1998) Programme (UKCIP) Quality: exploring the housing • Green Construction www.ukcip.org.uk • Building a Sustainable Future potential of large sites • PPG1: General Policy and www.greenconstruction.co.uk For information on climate –Homes for an autonomous Llewelyn-Davies Principles (1997) Provides abstracts of newspaper change and measures to tackle it. community (LPAC, DETR, GOL, LT and HC, 2000) • PPG13: Transport (2001) and periodical articles concerning Copies available from BRESCU • PPG3: Housing (2000) green construction in its widest • Urban and Economic enquiry line • Urban Design Compendium • PPG6: Town Centres and Retail sense. Available as an e-mail Development Group Tel: 01923 664258 Llewelyn-Davies for English Development (1996) newsletter – subscribe online. www.urbed.co.uk www.est.org.uk/bestpractice/ Partnerships and Housing • PPG25: Development & Flood A not-for-profit urban regeneration Corporation. Risk (2001) • National Brownfield Site Project consultancy. • Low Impact Development English Partnerships, London, 2000 Government planning policy www.urbanmines.org.uk/brown.htm S. Fairlie (order via www.hocker- guidance that is subject to • Commission for Architecture and ton.demon.co.uk) • Nottinghamshire Landscape updating by ODPM. • Environment Agency the Built Environment (CABE) Tel: 01636 816 902 Guidelines Tel: 0870 122 6236 www.environment-agency.gov.uk www.cabespace.org.uk Notts County Council (1997) www.planning.odpm.gov.uk Gives advice on flood risk. A champion for parks and public • Making Places: a Guide to Good Contact: Landscape Officer areas in the UK. Practice in Undertaking Mixed Tel: 0115 977 2166 • Towards an Urban Renaissance • Countryside Agency Use Development Schemes Urban Task Force (HMSO, 1999) www.countryside.gov.uk English Partnerships and Urban Gives advice on positive planning, Villages Forum (1988)
6 Sustainable Developer Guide for Notts (2004)
What are the sustainable solutions?
What factors should influence the choice of location? CASE STUDIES QA • Consider the needs of development and locate it as close to as many of the following facilities as possible: existing housing, jobs, open space, public transport routes and health, education and other • Sherwood Energy Village key services, bearing in mind relevant policies or proposals of local plans. A major community initiative to • Give preference to development sites within urban areas, which are well served by the above transform the 91 acre former colliery facilities and transport/utility infrastructure. If this is not possible, favour sites on the edge of urban site at Ollerton. The master plan for the scheme locates industrial, areas, where existing services and infrastructure can be more easily extended. commercial, residential and leisure • Give priority to previously developed land and buildings. uses around a central park. There • Avoid sites which are at risk from flooding (see Water Use & Drainage) and where the development will be an emphasis on connecting would result in the loss of historic assets / landscape and nature conservation value. pedestrian / cycle pathways, structural planting and a layout / orientation What is best practice in planning and design? of development to assist in meeting the highest energy-efficiency and Q • In urban settings, plan for sufficient density of people and activities to enliven streets, support public A environmental standards. transport and sustain a wide range of shops and services. Contact: Project Manager • Use and enhance a site’s strongest links with surrounding areas. Tel: 01623 860222 www.sev.org.uk • Develop a strong sense of place through siting and design, so that the relationship of existing and new buildings should create points of interest and reinforce local character. • York Drive, Newark (NCHA) A housing association scheme • Retain site vegetation and incorporate generous amounts of planting, especially trees (See Biodiversity). where the passive solar element has • Create safe, attractive, well maintained external spaces within the layout to complement the local been achieved by linking groups of landscape and encourage healthy, outdoor lifestyles. bungalows together by a glazed • Avoid street layouts where cars predominate and safety is an issue (eg dark alleyways). walkway Contact: Energy and Environmental How can the most efficient use of the land be made? Services Co-ordinator Tel: 0115 910 4223 Q Be aware that: A www.ncha.org.uk • Higher densities (ie people or dwellings per unit of area) give the most efficient use of land. However, the fit with the character of other buildings in the area is crucial and care must be taken to ensure that design and layout respects the amenity of building users - for instance, by the adequate provision and good integration of landscaping and open space. • Higher densities are most appropriate in urban areas where they can support the existing wide range of services and facilities (especially public transport). • The local planning authority will want to discuss the appropriate density of development at the earliest stage and may indicate target densities in a development brief. • Jubilee Campus, Radford, Nottingham How can the layout and landscaping of development maximise energy efficiency? Q A 30 acre industrial site has been A • Wherever possible, ensure the main orientation of the buildings is south facing, utilising glazed areas transformed into a university campus such as conservatories or atriums where possible to transfer solar heat inside. for 3 faculty and 3 amenity buildings • The slope and aspect of the land will determine how effective this can be. Overshadowing should be plus halls of residence. The landscaped minimised through the design and layout of development. Appropriate planting can provide shading setting is enhanced by a linear lake as in the summer. an amenity and wildlife habitat, the retention of an existing belt of trees and • Create a sheltered site – this can be achieved through planting an appropriate shelterbelt or by using by a strong emphasis on public places. existing features on the site. Cycling and walking are encouraged as • Emphasise the role of building form – reducing the area of external walls in relation to the internal the preferred mode of travel on site. volume of a building reduces heat loss. Preference should be given to semi-detached and terraced Contact: Estates Office, types of buildings. (see Energy Use) University of Nottingham Tel: 0115 9513 610
How can the development be used to enhance the local environment? QA • Incorporate areas of nature conservation value and open space into the design and layout of all development, where possible linking up with existing habitats and creating new habitats (see Biodiversity). • Ensure that any landscaping, habitats and drainage facilities are well managed, and consider contributions off-site where appropriate, to benefit the users of the development. (See Maintenance and Management). • Incorporate sustainable drainage systems (SUDS) to reduce the speed of run-off. (see Water Use & Drainage).
www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk 7
TRAVEL AND TRANSPORT
New development should help to create places that connect with each other sustainably, providing the right conditions to encourage walking, cycling and the use of public transport. (Planning Policy Guidance Note 13)
It is widely agreed that living integration of transport and land use In accordance with government conditions in Nottinghamshire are planning is crucial to this process. policy, local authorities have being steadily eroded by high levels Location is a key factor in determining made considerable investment in of congestion and pollution how much realistic transport public transport, cycling and associated with traffic growth. A choice can be offered by a walking - such as the Nottingham sustainable approach to transport development site. Lack of access Express Transit (tram), bus quality can alleviate this by discouraging has a significant role in isolating partnerships, the Robin Hood reliance upon private motor vehicles certain sections of the population railway line, cycle routes and and giving preference to other and thus diminishing their quality town centre pedestrian modes of travel. The successful of life. improvements. It is expected that
larger sized new developments will Promotion of a car sharing scheme in Despite progressive improvements in vehicle efficiency, continue to contribute to this Bassetlaw. energy consumption and CO2 emissions continue to investment, based on the outcomes linked to the preparation of Travel rise at a similar rate to vehicle use. of Transport Assessments and Plans. Such plans will help ensure that transport choices are continually FORCES FOR CHANGE available to site users. A variety of methods of managing • The level of UK CO2 emissions of business, undermining children, the elderly and those from road transport - the fastest competitiveness, especially in suffering from respiratory disease. and calming traffic have evolved, growing contributor to climate our towns and cities where traffic especially within residential areas change (now accounting for some is most intense. • Government has set exacting targets or through villages, and much for reducing congestion and attention has been given to parking 25% of all CO2 emissions). • Legislation and Government led accidents, and increasing public problems. New initiatives to • Approximately 80 people are killed initiatives that prompt the use transport use. The funding influence driving habits are each year in road accidents in of lower carbon fuels and more available to local authorities to emerging; for example, a ride sharing Nottinghamshire (including the City). efficient vehicles. improve local transport provision scheme has been launched in depends on meeting their share Bassetlaw and a workplace parking • Congestion and unreliability of • Increased concern about local air of the targets. levy is under consideration by the journeys which add to the costs quality, especially in relation to City Council.
Further Resources WEBSITES Sets a framework for local authority • PowerShift A free catalogue of maps and Notts County Council • Community Car Share Network transport spending proposals. www.powershift.org.uk technical publications is available. Tel: 0115 977 4120 (CCSN) Greater Nottingham includes: Provides discounts to purchase www.carshareclubs.org.uk City of Nottingham, Hucknall, an alternatively fuelled vehicle or • TransACT • Guidelines for Planning for Public Helps develop city car clubs and Rushcliffe, Gedling and Broxtowe. to convert an existing one to LPG. www.transactuk.com Transport in Developments (1999) their rural counterparts. North Nottinghamshire includes: Tel: 0845 900 1234 for details. Innovative programme to help and Providing for Journeys on Bassetlaw, Mansfield, and Ashfield. businesses develop and implement Foot (2000) • Cycle Forum for England Both available from LTP Team at • Regional Planning Guidance travel plans. Notts Chamber of Both available from Institution of The National Cycling Strategy Notts County Council. for the East Midlands (RPG8) Commerce & Industry. Highways and Transportation. (1996) Tel: 0115 977 4251 www.go-em.gov.uk Tel: 0115 962 9650 Tel: 0207 391 9977 Tel: 0207 944 2977 See revised draft 2003 and The www.nationalcyclingstrategy.org.uk • Home Zones Panel Report. Appendix 5 con- FURTHER READING • PPG3: Housing (2000) A series of free publications on all www.homezonenews.org.uk tains parking guidance for larger • Cycling Design Guide (2004) • PPG6: Town Centres (1996) cycling related matters, which is Gives details of home zone employment development. and Parking Provision for New • PPG13: Transport (2001) available from National Cycling developments throughout the UK. Developments (2003) The latest relevant Government Board Secretariat. • Safe Routes to School and Stations Contact: the Cycling/Walking Planning Policy Guidance • Interim Transport Planning www.transport2000.org.uk Officer at Notts County Council although subject to updating. • Department for Transport Statement on Developer Tel: 0115 977 4585 www.planning.odpm.gov.uk www.local-transport.dft.gov.uk Contributions towards • Pedals Tel: 0870 122 6236 to order a copy. Tel: 0870 122 6236 for publications. Integrated Transport Measures Campaigns for safer, more • Home Zones: A Planning and The ‘local transport’ page offers http://www.nottscc.gov.uk/envi- attractive conditions for cyclists Design Handbook • Sustainable Settlements: A information on travel plans and ronment/transport/ITPS.pdf in Nottinghamshire. A short handbook on planning Guide for Planners, Designers cycling. It is also possible to view www.pedals.org.uk and design aspects of home and Developers transport policy documents, notably • Nottingham Travelwise Centre zones. The Policy Press/Joseph H. Barton, G.Davis and R.Guise. 10 year Transport Plan (2000) (Dept www.itsnottingham.info • Sustrans Rowntree Foundation. University of West of England and for Transport and the Regions.) A traffic and travel information www.sustrans.org.uk Tel: 01235 465 500 Local Gov Management Board (1995) service to help plan journeys A practical charity that has To order: see Appendix III. • Local Transport Plans more effectively. developed the national cycling • The Highway Design Guide http//www.nottscc.gov.uk/home/traf- Tel: 0845 6088 608 network and promotes safe Residential and Industrial • Bassetlaw Share A Ride fic and travel/strategy policy/ltp.htm routes to school. Developments (January 1999) Tel: 01777 709 650 (See above)
8 Sustainable Developer Guide for Notts (2004)
What are the sustainable solutions?
How can the development accommodate sustainable transport and reduce the need for travel? CASE STUDIES QA • Look for sites, where possible, which link with existing and planned public transport and cycle routes, or with easily managed extensions of those routes, and which can accommodate a range of • Public Transport interdependent uses, e.g. low impact employment, housing and recreation. ‘Raised bus ‘boarders’ are now • Reduce dependence on motor vehicles through car sharing and by limiting on-site parking. commonplace throughout • Be aware that some developments will trigger the need for Travel Plans. These can identify a package of Nottinghamshire and allow easy access for those in wheelchairs or measures and improvements to maximise sustainable transport options for all site users. pushchairs together with tactile • For larger sites, submit a Transport Assessment to highlight where access can be improved for all paving for blind or partially sighted in modes of transport. Make appropriate provision in liaison with the local Highway Authority. the city centre. For a standard layout please contact the County Council’s How should the use of public transport be encouraged? Network Management Group. QA • Aim to locate within 400 metres of a bus stop or 800 metres of a train station or tram stop. Tel: 0115 977 4229. • Invest in suitable waiting facilities at stops with raised boarding areas, clear signing, good lighting and • Travel Plans accessible service information. When re-locating to Sherwood Business • Liaise with Public Transport officers of the County or City Council at an early stage, especially where Park, Powergen established a travel service support or extension is merited (see Useful Contacts). plan to assist some 500 employees. • Provide service information and discounted travel schemes at larger work places. It includes an incentive car share scheme, staff buses and provision of public transport information and QWhat measures should be included to encourage cycling? covered cycle and motorcycle parking. A • Connect with existing cycle routes or recommend new ones, if possible, and for larger sites provide Marketing and promotion is a key factor. good quality on-site routes offering a safe and convenient travel option. Contact: Notts County Council • Provide cycle parking spaces in accordance with City or County Council parking guidance (see Travel Plans Officer below) or contribute to communal storage facilities. Such storage should be covered and benefit from Tel: 0115 977 2087 the natural security of being close to buildings. • Provide ‘in-house’ changing facilities, including lockers and showers.
What steps should be taken to promote walking? QA • Identify likely pedestrian ‘desire’ routes and provide good quality on-site paths, preferably connected to existing routes – giving short cuts to shops, schools, public transport stops etc. • Install lighting along paths for security and ensure visibility from buildings and local roads. • Design safe, attractive streets with a real ‘sense of place’ that encourages pedestrian activity. • Ensure that the site is accessible to all and satisfies the needs of disabled people.
What measures should be taken to ensure low vehicle speeds? • Pedal Express A local delivery and courier service that Q • For larger sites, consult with the City or County Council’s highway development control area officers A uses pedal power to beat the traffic to discuss how best to achieve layouts that naturally calm traffic rather than resorting to humps and restrictions in Nottingham city centre. cushions (see Useful Contacts). Six cycles and two quad bikes provide a • Consider the potential for designing residential layouts on Home Zone principles where traffic is personalised and environmentally slowed and surface design gives priority to pedestrians and cycles. friendly mode of delivery. The business has been so successful that it is now intending to expand. QWhat levels of parking provision are appropriate? www.pedalexpress.co.uk A • Refer to the County Council’s Guidance on Parking Provision for New Development (2003) and the Tel: 0115 844 7744 City Council’s parking guidance. Be aware that where sites are well served by public transport, parking provision at levels below maximum standards will be expected. • For larger sites, liaise with the local council (district or City) over all aspects of parking including charging structures in urban areas.
What other measures are available to reduce the impact of motor vehicle use? QA • Examine potential benefits to be gained from changing working practices – such as home working and video conferencing, especially in more remote areas. • Consider the potential for electric, hybrid, or LPG (liquid petroleum gas) powered vehicles, perhaps in a car pool, for appropriate communal housing schemes and work places.
www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk 9
BUILDING DESIGN & SPECIFICATION
“We need architects to incorporate sustainability into their designs, builders to develop and market sustainable buildings and customers to demand higher standards” Margaret Beckett (Environment Secretary) 2004
The UK Government has firmly performance in buildings of the standards without compromising fuel depletion, timber procurement, signalled its intention to raise future. The challenge for designers on affordability, aesthetics or the waste disposal and local air standards of environmental and developers is to reach these needs of potential occupants. pollution. Sensible specification Sustainable design principles can save valuable resources and FORCES FOR CHANGE should be established at the outset achieve durable and adaptable of the design process, when site structures, thus avoiding premature • Government commitment to • The built environment is appraisal is being carried and repairs or even an early resort to design quality and sustainable increasingly vulnerable to should continue through to the demolition. buildings in its Sustainable climate change effects. construction and commissioning of The Government is examining Communities Plan (2003), and the building. proposals for a new Code for its national review of planning • Expectations of building The energy used to manufacture, Sustainable Building and it will policy guidance. performance are higher, as public awareness of the deliver and incorporate materials expect that best practice standards • Building a Better Quality of Life advantages of sustainable and appliances into buildings will increasingly appear in local - a Strategy for Sustainable design grows. accounts for some 10% of total authority policies and supplementary Construction (2000) which energy consumption in the UK. planning guidance such as urban promotes the Eco Management • National, regional and local Consequently, decisions about design frameworks (for regeneration and Audit Scheme (EMAS) to planning policies urge increased the best use of materials are far areas) or development briefs (for encourage use of sustainable use of secondary or recycled reaching, with potential impact individual sites). materials. aggregates. upon minerals extraction, fossil • Increasing public acceptance of • Review and upgrading of Innovative design is often reflected in higher market value Building Regulations. innovative design solutions. which can outstrip any additional construction costs.
Further Resources WEBSITES • DTI Sustainable Construction • Sustainability Works • Constructing for Sustainability: Selection of Materials for Use in • Access Association www.dti.gov.uk/construction/sustain/ www.sustainabilityworks.org.uk A Basic Guide for Clients and Construction and Refurbishment www.accessassociation.co.uk Includes UK Strategy (2003). Includes section on building. their Professional Advisers D.Anik et al (1996) Provides a range of services Construction Industry Council (2003) An easy to read guide that offers aimed at promoting access for • Forestry Stewardship Council • Sustainable Communities: www.cic.org.uk sustainable alternatives to standard disabled people www.fsc-uk.demon.co.uk Building for the Future (2003) Tel: 0207 037 8692 material/product specifications. Accreditors for UK’s sustainable www.odpm.gov.uk • Association for Environment timber management scheme. Govt Strategy and Action Plan. • Building a Sustainable Future – • Sustainable Housing Schemes Conscious Buildings ( AECB) homes for an autonomous in the UK: A Guide www.aecb.net • Joseph Rowntree Foundation • Resource for Urban Design community (GIR53) HHP Publications (2002) Independent environmental www.jrf.org.uk/housingand- Information Copies available from BRESCU or Tel: 01636 816902 building trade organisation that care/lifetimehomes/ www.rudi.net via Action Energy helpline. www.hockerton.demon.co.uk promotes environmental A charity that provides information Tel: 0800 585794 awareness, and publishes a on meeting Building Regulations FURTHER READING • Sustainable Settlements: A quarterly magazine and a directory Part M (on access) and Housing • Construction Materials Report: • Eco House: A Design Guide Guide for Planners, Designers of built environment professionals. Corporation Scheme Development Toolkit for Carbon Neutral S. Roaf, M. Fuentes, S. Thomas - and Developers Standards Development Oxford Brookes University (2001) H. Barton, G. Davis and R. Guise. • Building Research Establishment Beddington Zero (fossil-fuel) Architectural Press. University of West of England and (BRE) • Green Register of Construction Energy Development. Includes Local Government Management www.bre.co.uk Professionals assessment of cost-effectiveness • The Good Wood Guide Board (1995) A range of publications and www.greenregister.org.uk and environmental benefit of key by Friends of the Earth for general services available from its Centre Useful list of architects, engineers materials. (Available from information and sustainable • Sustainability Checklist for for Sustainable Construction. and tradespeople who have BioRegional Development Group) timber products Developments See under Energy Use for demonstrated a commitment to www.bioregional.com www.foe.org.uk D. Brownhill S. Rao. CRC for BREEAM etc. Also offers ENVEST sustainable building. Tel: 020 84044880 BRE / DTLR (2002) as a software tool for assessing • Green Building Handbook, life-cycle environmental impact. • Green Building Store • Planning for Passive Solar Design Volumes 1 &2 • The New Autonomous House: www.greenbuildingstore.co.uk BRECSU for DTI and DETR (1999) T. Wooley, S. Kimmings, et al Design and Planning for • Construction Industry Research • Natural Building Technologies Tel: 01923 664258 Comparison of the environmental Sustainability Association (CIRIA) www.natural-building.co.uk effects of commonly available B. & R. Vale. www.ciria.org.uk Leading ecological building • PPG1 General Policy and materials/ products with less well Thames & Hudson (2000) Seeks to improve the performance merchants. Principles (1997) known green alternatives. of all involved with construction Government Planning Policy E&FN Spon (1997) • The Green Guide to Specification and the environment.Various • Royal Institute of British Architects guidance subject to update. J. Anderson, D.Shiers & M. Sinclar publications are available. www.architecture.com www.odpm.gov.uk • Handbook of Sustainable (Oxford Brookes / BRE) The main body representing Tel: 0820 1226 236 to order Building: An Environmental Blackwell. 3rd Edit (2002) • Commission for Architecture and architects that produces a number Preference Method for the www.brebookshop. the Built Environment (CABE) of building design publications www.cabe.org.uk
10 Sustainable Developer Guide for Notts (2004)
What are the sustainable solutions?
How is a building’s environmental performance best demonstrated? CASE STUDIES QA • Examine the range of tools available for assessing the overall impact of performance of buildings. Those tools most widely adopted have been developed by the Building Research Establishment (BRE) • Jubilee Campus, Radford, – see under Further Resources and in Appendix II. Nottingham • Use the chosen assessment to demonstrate to planning and building control officers that sustainability The new campus buildings were issues have been fully addressed from an early stage. designed and constructed to high environmental standards. Each facility constists of three 3-storey QWhat are the main themes that characterise sustainable building design? wings, interconnected by large sloping A Consider different approaches to achieving sustainable design. The following themes are not glass atria and open courtyard gardens. necessarily all compatible but they require an emphasis on high insulation levels and a sensitive Utilising advanced technologies and fit with local landscape / townscape: passive solar design techniques, they • Passive Solar - Use of the sun to warm a building interior directly through windows or a “sunspace” are estimated to be some 60% more energy efficient than buildings on the (eg conservatory), and of thermal mass (see below) plus insulation to store the heat. main campus. • High Thermal Mass - Use of materials with a high capacity to absorb heat energy within a building Contact: Estates Office, structure that can be later released as air temperature drops. University of Nottingham • Timber Frame - A form of lightweight construction using timber to provide a structural frame (normally Tel: 0115 9513 610 clad with brickwork to provide the waterproof layer) and faster heat-up capability. • Earth Sheltered - Earth covering of building ,except south facing side, to provide additional insulation and/or to reduce visual impact and the area of exposed external wall. • Natural Ventilation - Use of natural cross air flows controlled by building users. • Low Impact - An unobtrusive form of building, fit for its purpose and setting, using local materials. • Autonomous - Uses local or own resources to supply energy, drainage and water needs.
How can the energy used to manufacture and deliver materials (‘embodied’ energy) be reduced? • Beaconsfield Street, Hyson Green, QA • Endeavour to reuse materials and topsoil already on site, and give preference to low energy materials. Nottingham (NCHA) • Source materials locally, thus reducing delivery journeys and supporting the local economy. Ensure A small housing scheme of timber framed construction with high levels that contractors do likewise by examining their supply chain. of insulation that uses wood from • Use reclaimed materials (e.g. second-hand timber) and recycled materials (such as glass / concrete or sustainable sources and wherever brick rubble for aggregates) for construction. possible recycled materials. Contact: Energy and Environmental How can the longevity of a building be increased? Services Co-ordinator Tel: 0115 9104233 QA • Incorporate durable materials and products - although be aware of the environmental damage that www.ncha.org.uk some treatments can cause (see Health & Pollution) • Provide features (such as deep roof overhangs) that protect the building from extreme weather. • Mansfield i Centre A 1990s office building which • Install adjustable ventilation and blinds to prevent build-up of heat from sunlight. incorporates passive design measures • Be aware of ground stability, especially where risk of subsidence, and design foundations accordingly. to reduce energy consumption and costs. The striking design concept How can design allow for future adaptations to the building? includes a first floor overhang to reduce QA • Design flexible spaces for changing spatial requirements of building occupiers, and consider, for ground floor solar gain. Mechanical systems can be monitored and adjusted example, the merits of non- structural internal walls. for optimum energy efficiency. Roof • Incorporate generous storage space standards with built-in expansion areas e.g. in the loft. lights, and narrow plan offices allow for • Ensure that service installations are easily accessible, preferably on outer or spine walls for future flexibility. natural ventilation and cross ventilation into deeper plan offices. How can design improve building accessibility? Contact: Mansfield District Council QA • Consider the following: gradients, accessible routes, entrance position, level changes, lifts, ramps, Tel: 01623 463385 disabled parking, internal features etc, and be aware of security considerations. • Consult Part M of the Building Regulations. Adopt Lifetime Homes standards.
What other low impact materials should be specified? QA • Order new timber from certified (preferably Forestry Stewardship Council accredited) sources. • Investigate recycled metals that are often economically attractive, especially steel. • Specify high quality timber window frames rather than uPVC or aluminium.
www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk 11
ENERGY USE
Energy efficiency remains the cheapest, cleanest and safest way of addressing the UK’s energy policy objectives. (Government Energy White Paper 2003)
Energy use in buildings accounts Government Energy policy now greenhouse gases and the UK’s for nearly half of the UK’s delivered recognises the role that energy saving dependence upon fossil fuels. If energy consumption and over half and renewable energy technologies will such emissions are to be reduced of the UK’s CO2 emissions. need to play in reducing emissions of progressively to meet rising target levels, it is crucial that new buildings FORCES FOR CHANGE meet more stringent energy standards as soon as possible. • Likely future increases in primary on 1996 levels by 2010 (The Home The extended case studies (see pg energy costs (especially gas and oil). Energy Conservation Act 1995). 29-31) show that it is feasible to • The Government plans outlined • Higher energy performance targets design new developments with minimal or net zero carbon in the Energy White Paper (Feb for energy management (especially Natural roof lighting at Gateford School, 2003) to curb greenhouse gas in newbuild) established by some emissions, utilising high thermal near Worksop. emissions (cutting carbon emissions organisations. mass, passive solar design, to reduce the need for energy. by 60 percent by 2050) by saving substantial insulation and Various methods of rating energy • Higher specifications for energy energy (and introducing more renewables to combined effect. performance have been developed efficiency building materials renewables). Building Regulations (PartL) are (and adopted) to assist in measuring prompted by the removal of VAT on the main influence on standards the impact of buildings. A key • The 2002 update of Building those products, and the fiscal incentive of energy performance and CO2 challenge is to ensure that the Regulations (Part L) will progressive- of enhanced capital allowances. emissions. They will be reviewed existing building stock is raised to ly raise energy performance stan- in 2005 to obtain further savings optimum levels of performance • The legal requirement to display dards; a further review has been that will assist in implementing and efficiency; its impact on UK energy ratings on electrical prompted by the White Paper. the EU Energy Directive (see panel). emissions will always outweigh appliances (EU Eco Label) and The Energy Hierarchy (see opposite gains achieved by new development. • Duty on Local Authorities to SAP (Standard Assessment page) indicates the priorities for all Additionally, energy provision will, secure a significant improvement Procedure) ratings on new homes. developers, with attention to design in the future, need to anticipate in domestic energy efficiency • EU Energy Performance of and lifestyle at the outset, in order the effects of climate change. across all housing tenures. The Buildings Directive to be current target is a 30% reduction It is good practice as much as technology that will implemented in UK by Jan 2006. deliver the best energy efficiency savings.
Further Resources Websites which is regularly updated. (BREEAM Office, Centre for • Combined Heat & Power - Avoiding or minimising the use • Action Energy For treatment of older dwellings, see Sustainable Construction). Association (CHPA) of Air Conditioning (GIR 31) www.actionenergy.org.uk ‘Hard to Treat Homes Guide’ (2003) - Ecohomes is the homes version of www.chpa.co.uk - Energy Efficiency in Offices - A Guide The main energy efficiency Tel: 0870 241 2089 for practical BREEAM (with contacts as above). Promotes the wider use of CHP for the Design Team (GPG 034) programme funded by the UK help. - National Home Energy Rating and community heating. government that targets the ener- www.nher.co.uk • Planning for Passive Solar Design. gy costs of businesses and public • Notts and Derbys Energy Tel: 01908 672787 FURTHER READING BRECSU for PTI and DETR (1999) sector organisations. Publications Efficiency Advice Centre • Best Practice Guidance Tel: 0845 120 7799 and advice are available via the www.saveenergy.co.uk/notts • Nottingham Energy Partnership (NEP) Many helpful publications which Helpline. Free advice and impartial energy www.nottenergy.com originated under the Energy • Energy in Architecture: The Tel: 0800 585 794 advice service by telephone aimed A not-for-profit organisation Efficiency Best Practice pro- European passive solar handbook mainly at householders. Part of serving Greater Nottingham gramme are now available free of J.Goulding, J.Lewis and • Carbon Trust the Energy Savings Trust’s network. which promotes energy efficiency charge from Action Energy. T.Steemers. eds. Batsford (1992) www.thecarbontrust.co.uk Tel: 0800 812012 (and renewables) schemes. Tel 0800 585 794 for Helpline A comprehensive design guide Government funded independent Tel 0115 9859057 www.actionenergy.org.uk for energy-efficient, passive solar company that helps businesses • Tools for Assessing buildings produced for EC. and the public sector reduce carbon Environmental Performance • Part L of Building Regulations The following documents have emissions. It is also able to fund - Building Research Establishment (ODPM) been selected as of specific interest: • Energy White Paper research and demonstration of Environmental Assessment www.odpm.gov.uk - The Hockerton Housing Project “Our Energy Future: Creating a low energy developments. Method (BREEAM) Government prescribed minimum (NPP 119) Low Carbon Economy” Feb 2003 www.bre.co.uk/breeam building standards which deal Design lessons for developers (and Annual Reports). Available • Energy Savings Trust BREEAM is both a tool for measuring with the conservation of power and clients. from DTI Publications (and as a www.est.org.uk the environmental impact of and fuel. Standard Assessment - Building a Sustainable Future: summary version). Government funded trust to promote various types of non-domestic Procedure (SAP) ratings are Homes for an Autonomous Tel: 0870 1502500. efficient use of energy. It also has buildings and an accreditation required for all new dwellings. Community (GIR 53) a number of legal advice centres scheme. The building is certificated www.theso.co.uk Features the Autonomous House • A Sustainability Checklist for and offers free publications. by BRE appointed independent Published by the Stationery at Southwell as a case study. Developments - BRE Centre for For advice on selecting energy efficient assessors with all ratings (from pass Office. - BedZED, Beddington Zero Sustainable Construction boilers, go to www.boilers.org.uk. to excellent) being above statutory Tel:020 7944 4400 Energy Development, Sutton D Brownhill & S Rao, CRC Ltd (2002) Specifiers and installers can refer requirements. It is a fee-based service. (South London) (GIR89) Tel: 020 7505 6622 to ‘The Little Blue Book of Boilers’ Tel: 01923 66446 www.brebookshop.co.uk
12 Sustainable Developer Guide for Notts (2004)
What are the sustainable solutions?
What should be the overall approach to reducing energy use? CASE STUDIES QA • Adopt the ‘Energy Hierarchy’, as set out in the Regional Planning Guidance (2002 and revised 2004) which recommends that the following order of priority is pursued in all development schemes: • Inland Revenue Offices, Castle - Reduce the need for energy Meadow, Nottingham - Use energy more efficiently The buildings favour natural daylight - Shift to using renewable energy (including purchase of green power from an accredited scheme) over electric lighting, and incorporate slatted balconies, back reflecting - Ensure that any continuing use of fossil fuels is clean and efficient (for heating and co-generation) light shelves, and triple-glazed • Minimise embodied energy in construction by choice of materials and systems. windows. The most notable feature is perhaps the glass stair towers How can solar gain be maximised to reduce heating requirements? which act as ‘solar chimneys’, and QA • Avoid overshadowing from nearby buildings by allowing adequate spacing and be aware of permanent provide natural ventilation and heating. shading from trees (although they can provide shelter from winds to reduce heat loss). The building is connected to the Nottingham District Heating Scheme. • Orientate the main building elevations to face south and size the windows in order to provide long Tel 0115 974 0058. periods of sun and daylight. • Consider the use of roof lights and atriums to bring light and solar heat into the centre of buildings. • Be aware of the overheating effects of solar gain in summer months and design accordingly. QHow can heat loss be reduced? A • Explore the advantages of designs that utilise high thermal mass (see Building Design and Specification). • Ensure an airtight construction with adequate controlled ventilation. • Reduce the area of exposed external surface by selection of building type / design. • Provide substantial layers of insulation and maximum draught proofing. • Include unheated ‘buffer’ spaces attached to main building areas to store the sun’s heat and reduce exposure to cold (e.g. porches, conservatories and atriums). • Utilise advanced glazing systems giving preference to low-E (emissivity) glass. • Consider secondary glazing systems as a simple retrofit measure. • The Autonomous House, Southwell An architect designed house in a Why should and how can Building Regulations be exceeded? Conservation Area which maximises the use of high thermal mass and QA • Treat UK building regulations as a minimum standard which can be raised by limited extra investment, passive solar design. It needs no often giving an effective payback as well as wider environmental benefit. dedicated heating system, but benefits • Aim for the highest rating by use of a recognised assessment method (see ‘Tools for Assessing Environmental from a photovoltaic array in the Performance’ in Further Resources on page 12) and employ it as a positive marketing point for the property. garden. • Investigate the potential for zero heating (ie heating only from solar gain, plus the heat given off by Contact: See Hockerton Housing electrical equipment and occupational activity), especially in houses and leisure/commercial buildings Project (Page 29-Appendix I) - which will normally increase their marketability.
If heating systems are required, what are the most energy efficient solutions? QA • Size the system correctly, as oversizing is common bad practice, and use zoning where appropriate. • Install high efficiency boilers (NB: consider condensing systems) with understandable heating controls and high standards of insulation throughout (storage cylinders, pipework etc), and ensure operators are trained in their use. • Consider wood fuel boilers. • York Drive, Newark (NCHA) • For larger buildings, consider the potential for connecting to a community district heating or combined A housing scheme built to meet a brief heat and power (CHP) scheme, including the option of establishing a new shared scheme in the area. that required heating bills of less than £1 per week. High levels of insulation were combined with high efficiency How can energy use be managed for the benefit of building occupants? Q heating systems and solar panels. A • Reduce the need for hot water as far as possible - install low consumption appliances (eg showers). Contact: Energy and Environmental • Opt for ‘A’ rated energy appliances with sophisticated timers where appropriate. Services Co-ordinator • Eliminate the need for air conditioning by maximising opportunities for natural ventilation. Tel: 0115 910 4233 • Ensure that heating, lighting and ventilation controls can be easily set to meet the needs of occupants. www.ncha.org.uk • Consider remote rather than central systems where dictated by long pipe runs and low demand. • Consider installing active solar water systems (see Renewable Energy.)
www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk 13
RENEWABLE ENERGY
By using energy from renewable sources such as wind, solar, hydro and biomass, we are investing in the planet’s future and could be saving ourselves money.
Nottinghamshire has been at the There are now a range of incentives Whilst a regional target for grid- measures at the outset before forefront of energy production in to use cleaner and greener connected technologies has been exploring renewable systems. the UK ever since the technology technologies. They emit fewer or adopted for Regional Planning New build does offer opportunities existed to exploit the vast reserves no emissions of the greenhouse Guidance, some technologies have to take advantage of a more of the East Midlands coalfield. gases associated with global yet to be sufficiently proven and favourable planning regime and Whilst the Trent Valley coal-fired warming and can provide more cost can be an issue (especiallyfor incorporate systems that will power stations are a potent secure electricity generation from grid connection). Certainly the become cost effective in the short reminder of the past, the energy smaller flexible units. key for most buildings is to install term. Refurbishment may create landscape is changing. The UK Some small-scale community maximum energy efficiency scope for delivering solar power; Climate Change Programme schemes have been installed in The development of the renewables industry is more (2000) and subsequent the county and some significant of a reaction to the global agenda of resisting climate Government energy reviews have ‘green’ electricity contracts have confirmed the policy shift towards been agreed, but overall there is change than to any impending scarcity or price hike of a lower carbon economy. much untapped potential. fossil fuels. for example it is estimated that half FORCES FOR CHANGE the existing UK housing stock could • The Renewables Obligation – • Issues of security of supply with • The Draft Regional (Sustainable) easily be fitted with solar hot water requires electricity suppliers to ageing grid infrastructure and Energy Strategy (2003) and revised panels and provide around 40% of purchase a proportion of electricity growing dependency upon long Regional Planning Guidance their hot water demand. ISKRA wind turbine (5kw) proposed for from renewable sources (3% in distance gas pipelines. (RPG8) - set a county target for several sites in the county. 2003/4 rising to 10.4% in 2010/11). generation by 2010 for each • Growing market for ‘green’ tariff major grid-connected renewable • Government intentions in the electricity. technology. Energy Policy White Paper • The effect of the Climate Change (2003) to reduce CO2 emissions • A more supportive planning regime by 60% by 2050. Levy via the UK Climate Change for incorporating renewables into Programme (2000), a fossil fuel new developments. • Increasing cost of natural gas as tax on industrial / commercial / North Sea reserves decline and other organisations which exempts • Grants available to support more is imported. renewables (and good quality CHP) installation of renewable systems.
Further Resources WEBSITES • Log Pile • Solar Grants: Photovoltaic • Best Practice Programme: • Renew (Technology for a • CADDET www.logpile.co.uk Programme (DTI) - Heat pumps in the UK (GIR 72) Sustainable Future) www.caddet-re.org Promotes the use of wood as www.est.co.uk/solar - Solar hot water systems in www-tec.open.ac.uk/eeru Useful technology review tool for renewable energy. Includes data- Information about grants for and new housing (GIR 88) A bi-monthly magazine covering renewable energy projects. base of local wood fuel suppliers. installation of pvs in UK. - Domestic Ground Source Heat energy and renewables. Tel: 01654 705 950 Helpline: 0800 138 0889 Tel: 0800 298 3978. Pumps (GPG 339) Free copies of the above available • Centre for Alternative Technology • NATTA • Sustainability Works • Renewable Energy Purchase from Best Practice Programme. www.cat.org.uk www.tchnology.open.ac.uk/eeru/natta www.sustainabilityworks.org.uk www.saveenergy.co.uk Enquiry line Tel: 01923 664258 An eco centre in North Wales with Sponsored by Open University. Enables electricity customers to buy or see www.housingenergy.org.uk a focus on practical renewable An information network for • DTI New & Renewable Energy renewable energy from the grid, energy projects and training pro- alternative technology. Good for first Programme using comparative charts to • Community Renewables grammes. Many publications avail- time developers exploring RE options. www.dti.gov.uk/renewable identify the most suitable suppliers. Initiative able including fact sheets. Refer also to Renewables Helpline (Sponsored by the Countryside Tel: 01654 705 950 • Enthuse Tel: 01235 432450 FURTHER READING: Agency) www.enthuse.info Contains links to Clearskies and • Viewpoints on Sustainable www.cri-england.org.uk • Generating Solar Homes A Renewable Energy toolkit for local includes information on the Energy in the East Midlands The Initiative’s regional advice Supports the development of government funded by ‘EC Altener’ Renewables Obligation. www.emra.gov.uk/publications centre can provide independent photovoltaics (PVs), particularly project. Some very useful general (Land Use Consultants and I.T. support, advice, feasibility studies through Housing Associations. introductory material for other organ- • Clear Skies (DTI) Power) for East Midlands and grant applications for Tel. 0115 985 9057 isations and individuals. www.clear-skies.org Regional Assembly (2001) communities wishing to devel- Offers grants towards costs of Also look out for op locally based RE projects. • PPG22: Renewable Energy • National Energy Foundation installing renewable energy • Regional Energy Strategy CRI East Midlands (1993 and later Annexes) www.greenenergy.org.uk systems. Includes details of documents. Tel: 0116 299 5124 Government planning policy Provides information and practical accredited installers of renewable Contact: Regional Energy guidance subject to update. advice on suppliers of renewable energy systems. Co-ordinator Tel: 0870 122 6236 to order. energy products and services. Current programme: 2002-05. Tel: 01664 502 563 Contains a link to Log Pile.
14 Sustainable Developer Guide for Notts (2004)
What are the sustainable solutions?
What factors should be considered prior to installing renewable energy systems? CASE STUDIES QA • Check that all viable energy conservation measures have been installed. (See Energy Use Chapter) • Examine what renewable resources are available and whether they can be used for electricity and/or • David Wilson Millennium Eco-Energy heat generation; then estimate the need in terms of output and check the table below for options. House (University of Nottingham) • Take professional advice over placement and sizing of the chosen technology and have early discussions A steel frame provides a convenient with the local planning authority, especially if there is a likely visual or traffic impact. mounting for the rapid testing of new renewable energy systems. • Be aware that small-scale renewable energy systems can be the lowest cost option in remote locations Instrumentation is installed to allow where there is not an existing grid connection. monitoring of systems and the • Assess the potential for using more than one type of renewable energy resource or a hybrid supply house is occupied by a team of 3 system (e.g. small wind/diesel engine generating unit), or of gaining a direct supply from an established experienced renewable energy local renewables or a combined heat and power (CHP) plant. researchers. Includes wind power, building integrated and tracking photovoltaics and ground source What other action can indirectly support renewable energy use? Q heat pumps. A • Purchase ‘green’ tariff electricity, from an appropriate supplier. Best deals can be worked out from Contact: Public Awareness Officer specialist websites / checklists. Tel: 0115 846 7676
• Plant trees to compensate for CO2 emissions likely to be generated by the development (known as ‘carbon offset’). Forestry can be managed so that local woodheat schemes can flourish. • Ensure building design utilises solar ‘gain’ effectively, employing passive solar heat traps such as conservatories and atria. QWhat are the main options for renewable energy generation? (No ranking is implied. Site location will normally dictate the choice of technology.) A • Solar hot water systems use collectors, such as solar panels, to capture heat from the sun. Fluid is circulated via a pump (usually water) to a heat transfer store for later use. This is most commonly • Green Lane, Clifton, Nottingham used to provide domestic hot water. Community Housing Association • Bio-fuels (derived from energy crops, agricultural and forestry residues) can be used in simple A scheme that includes photovoltaics combustion processes to supply heat. They can also fuel more complex CHP schemes to generate in 22 domestic properties which will electricity and distribute heat. be monitored as part of the DTI Domestic PV Programme. • Modern wood fired boilers (domestic & large-scale) are automated, very efficient, and some are Contact: Energy and Environmental eligible for grant funding. Services Co-ordinator (NCHA) • Photovoltaics cells (PVs) use solar power to generate electricity and can be free-standing in arrays, or Tel: 0115 910 4223 incorporated into roofing materials, glazing or wall cladding www.ncha.org.uk • Wind turbines – small wind generators, both on-grid and off-grid, are usually more cost effective than photovoltaics where there is a reasonable wind resource. They can be incorporated into larger buildings • Hockerton Housing Project Self sufficient earth sheltered scheme or sited in their grounds. Check wind speed maps and avoid major obstructions within 60 metres. with wind power (5kW Proven - • Ground source heat pumps can provide a viable alternative form of heating and cooling, especially if installed 2001) and photovoltaics the electricity required to run them is obtained from renewable sources. (installed 2002 as part of DTi trial), • Hydro - there is potential for small-scale hydro schemes where there is a reasonable flow and ‘head’ of and solar water heating via heat river water. If successful it can be considerably more cost-effective than wind generation or photovoltaics. pumps. Contact: Director TABLE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY OPTIONS Tel: 01636 816 902 Size of Installation Heat Power / Electricity www.hockerton.demon.co.uk (output) (remote or grid -connected) Small (<100kilowatts) • Passive solar design • Photovoltaics (PVs) • Solar water heating • Small wind • Solar space heating • Micro hydro • Biomass • Heat pumps (ground source)
Medium (100-1000kW) • Biomass • Small micro hydro
Large (>1000kW) • Biogas - sewage/landfill • Biogas - sewage/landfill • Biomass • Large wind • Small hydro
Adapted from: “Getting Started with Renewable Energy Projects” ENTHUSE toolkit (2003)
www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk 15
HEALTH & POLLUTION
Health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being. The quality of the environment affects this both directly and indirectly.
Buildings and their associated by materials and appliances and FORCES FOR CHANGE traffic movements can have a ventilation can play an important role. • Extensive legislation since mid significant detrimental impact on An increasing number of allocated 1980s relevant to development health, especially during their development sites require expensive and construction, originating construction period. Such impacts remedial treatment to make them from both EU and UK, covers: range from the global to the local, suitable for use. This reflects a greater - Control of pollution. with carbon dioxide (CO2) need to utilise land contaminated by - Contaminated land. emissions from the burning of previous industrial activities. - Health and safety and fossil fuels contributing to climate Incoming industries will need to environment information. Cycling to work at Middle Street, Beeston. - Noise. Sustainable developments will minimise the amount - Water Resources. of polluting emissions and discharges to air, water and through their own emissions and soil, both on site and off site, and restrict noise and some may require separation zones • National Air Quality Strategy light pollution. or ‘cordon sanitaires’. Heavier (2000) “Working Together for industry is still capable of Cleaner Air” (DETR) and legislation change (via the greenhouse effect) investigate these costs and risks by transferring airborne pollution over requiring local authorities to at one end of the spectrum, and contacting the relevant local long distances, often in clouds of monitor air quality. smells, dust and fumes affecting authority for information at the sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen local air quality at the other. Many site assessment stage. oxides (NO ), which can damage • Department of Health’s Strategy x pollutants are to be found in Even fairly small operations may building exteriors, trees and crops. for England “Saving Lives : Our modern buildings where numerous have adverse localised effects on These gases can harm human Healthier Nation” 1998. gases and particles are given off adjoining activities or homes health when they react with • Greater planning emphasis on concentrations of other airborne brownfield sites leading to more Major demolition site at London Road, Nottingham. pollutants at a local level, notably treatment of contaminated land. those produced by transport and heating systems. • Enhanced awareness and concern A key priority is to cut transport about health issues, especially related emissions, where the adverse impact of emissions/fumes on impact of more travel continues to respiratory system and problems outstrip the benefits of introducing of unhealthy buildings. e.g. sick more efficient technologies (see Travel building syndrome. and Transport). Elsewhere improved design and specification processes can • Model Codes of Practice such as play a crucial role in addressing health the Environment Agency’s factors, as well as providing facilities, Pollution Prevention Guidelines such as recreational space, that can and DEFRA’s Process Guidance promote healthier lifestyles. (See Notes. Building Design and Specification.) Further Resources WEBSITES • Heating & Ventilating FURTHER READING • PPG 23: Planning and • Design Guidelines for • Construction Industry Contractors’ Association • Saving Lives: Our Healthier Pollution Control (1994) Development near High Research and Information www.hvca.org.uk Nation • PPG 24: Planning and Noise (1994) Voltage Overhead Lines Association Tel: 0171 229 2488 Department of Health (1998) Government planning policy guidance National Grid plc (2003) www.ciria.org.uk The Stationery Office subject to updating by ODPM. • Friends of the Earth www.planning.odpm.gov.uk • Pollution Handbook • Environment Agency www.foe.org.uk • Quiet Homes, A Guide to Good Tel: 0870 122 6236 to order a copy. National Society for Clean Air and www.environment-agency.gov.uk Offers leaflets on the effects of Practice Environmental Protection. • Contaminated Land Site industrial solvents and common Building Research Establishment • The United Kingdom National An annually updated guide to www.environment-agency.gov.uk air pollutants. www.bre.bookshop.com Air Quality Strategy essential UK and european /subjects/landquality DETR (2000) pollution control legislation. • Campaign for the Protection • Handbook on Air Pollution • National Society for Clean Air of Rural England (CPRE) and Health • The Natural House Book • Sick Building Syndrome www.nsca.org.uk www.cpre.org.uk/campaigns/ Committee on the Medical Effects David Pearson World Health Organisation Has a campaign to reduce light of Air Pollutants, Published by Conran Octopus Regional Office for Europe (1995). • The London Hazards Centre pollution. Department of Health. 1997 (The Shows how to create a home Local Authorities, Health and www.lhc.org.uk Tel: 020 7981 2800 Stationery Office) that is healthy, harmonious and Environment briefing pamphlet Provides comprehensive ecologically sound. Series 2. One of many in a series information on pollutants. that includes air pollution. 16 Sustainable Developer Guide for Notts (2004)
What are the sustainable solutions?
How can new buildings or developments promote healthier lifestyles? CASE STUDIES QA • Encourage cycling, walking and use of public or collective transport through location and connection to networks (e.g. cycle routes). • Sherwood Energy Village • Ensure specifications give appropriate warmth, ventilation, shade, clean air, security and low Development of reclaimed former maintenance, and do not cause light or water pollution. colliery site at Ollerton by a Social • Provide for, or contribute to, an appropriate level of recreational/open space within the locality. Enterprise for the benefit of the community. Only non-polluting • Incorporate space for food production, exercise and relaxation within the development site. industry will be developed on the • Reduce stress by controlling all potentially aggravating noise, dust, vibration,smell and glare. site which can boast plenty of green space and safe walking/cycling routes What steps should be taken to minimise all kinds of pollution during construction? to encourage healthier lifestyles. QA • Source materials/equipment locally in order to reduce transport related pollution and reclaim existing Contact: Project Manager materials on site wherever possible. (See Waste Minimisation Chapter.) Tel: 01623 860222 www.sev.org.uk • Comply with the recognised Codes of Practice, e.g. the Environment Agency’s Pollution Prevention Guidelines - some of which are specific to the construction industry. • Protect neighbouring properties and operators from noisy vehicles, machinery and dust on site. Town planning and other regulatory conditions will normally require this. • Avoid products/materials which have a potential for releasing harmful chemicals into the environment. • Identify any hazardous materials (e.g. asbestos) on site and employ a licensed operator to carry out disposal. • Where de-contamination is necessary, use the most environmentally benign method of site treatment. • Dispose of unavoidable construction waste carefully. Manage the delivery / storage of materials and waste to minimise the risk of pollution to soils, drains, watercourses or groundwater. (See Water Use & Drainage.) • Nottingham Ecohome How can developers take account of external air quality and noise issues? (West Bridgford) Q Edwardian villa in Nottingham A • Choose the location and orientation of a new development to minimise noise intrusion from nearby sources. suburb where owners have taken • Install measures to reduce noise output or impact where appropriate (e.g. sound insulation and earth bunds). considerable care to renovate • Restrict motor vehicle access and provide for more sustainable modes of transport - e.g. install bicycle using natural products that avoid parking and adopt travel plans (see Travel and Transport). solvents and chemically-based paints in their manufacture. • Specify heating plant with low nitrous oxide (NOX) emissions. Tel: 0115 9143893 • Plant trees to ‘neutralise’ the release of CO and to absorb pollutants (including noise). 2 www.msarch.co.uk/ecohome
How can the internal air quality of buildings be improved? QA • Specify materials with low toxicity which are benign during use and on disposal. • Use natural, non-toxic and low VOC (volatile organic compound) paints, glues, solvents, treatments, furnishings and coatings wherever possible. Choose zero-formaldehyde versions of chipboard/MDF. • Avoid wood preservatives. If essential, use water-borne treatments rather than organic solvent-based ones. Pre-treatment in the factory is preferred to on-site application. • Provide appropriate energy-efficient ventilation if natural ventilation is not feasible. Consider whole building mechanical ventilation systems with heat recovery (MVHR). • Specify high quality ventilation and appropriate indoor plants to reduce the impact of indoor pollutants, • Jubilee Campus, Radford, and the likelihood of allergic reactions triggered by fungal spores, bacteria and dust mites. (See also Nottingham Building Design and Specification.) Reclamation of the site of a former bicycle factory involved the re-use of What other issues should be considered? demolition material and the clear-up QA • Select sites with care, taking into account available information from public agencies about any of some contaminated land. The past contamination and the condition of existing buildings. design of new buildings incorporates some innovative solutions for lighting, • Be aware that some locations may be affected by potential electromagnetic fields (EMF), e.g. heating and cooling, notably mechanical overhead power lines, electrical substations and mobile phone masts. If close proximity is ventilation using a low pressure drop inevitable, seek advice about shielding measures. system. • Avoid light pollution (especially glare and light leakage beyond the site boundary) by investing in best Contact: Estates Office, practice design e.g. directional lighting. University of Nottingham Tel: 0115 9513610 • Source materials that have the minimum adverse social/environmental impact in their place of origin.
www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk 17
WASTE MINIMISATION
Designing and building to minimise wasted materials is known as ‘lean construction’. The most sustainable developers will treat waste as a potential resource and reclaim or recycle as much as possible.
The construction industry produces recycled, composted or burned to FORCES FOR CHANGE roughly 17% of the total waste provide energy. To collect, • EU and UK Government targets production for the UK, about 4 recycle and dispose of this to reduce landfill and increase times that of householders. This household waste costs £18.9 million recycling and composting. equates to 70 million tonnes in per year – about £60 per household the UK, or 24kg per person per and this cost is expected to double • Scarcity of landfill space. week. Although much is recycled by the year 2020. for use as bulk fill, little is Landfill for both construction and • Landfill disposal costs set to reclaimed for high grade uses. household waste is usually the Recycling facilities outside council offices. double by 2020. In addition to this, in When the value of raw materials, energy and unproductive • Greater public awareness Nottinghamshire, each person labour is accounted for, the real cost of waste is often demands better environmental creates about half a tonne of 5 to 20 times the cost of disposal. solutions. waste each year. Almost 70% of this is sent straight to landfill least sustainable option and lowest short term, makes environmental • UK strategy for Sustainable while the remainder is reused, in the Government’s waste hierarchy and economic sense to seek Construction “Building a Better (see opposite page) because alternatives wherever possible. Quality of Life”. (2000) Storage of pallets for collection at West Bridgford building site. valuable natural resources are Whilst recycling and composting lost, methane emissions add to are seen as highly sustainable • Recognition of the need to the greenhouse gas effect and options, the best control method reduce our consumption of elaborate pollution controls are is to reduce the amount of waste natural mineral resources by often necessary. Suitable landfill produced in the first place. recycling or using alternatives. sites are becoming scarce and the Developments should be designed impact of the 1996 Landfill Tax to so that waste is minimised during promote recycling and composting construction and building users will raise costs further. Although encouraged to recognise its value landfill will still be needed in the and also the cost of disposing of it.
Further Resources WEBSITES • Environment Agency • Waste Watch Copies from BioRegional • Eco-renovation • Building Research Establishment www.environment-agency.gov.uk/ www.wastewatch.org.uk Development Group. E Harland (BRE) subjects/waste See Appendix 1 www.bioregional.com Green Books, Totnes. (1993) www.bre.co.uk EA Waste Handbook available on line Tel: 0208 4044880 Includes Materials Information at www.recycle.mcmail.com/ • Waste and Resources Action • Green Building Handbook Exchange content.htm Programme (WRAP) • BRE Environmental Assessment Volumes 1 & 2 www.wrap.org.uk Methodology (BREEAM) Woolley et al. E & FN Spon, • SMARTwaste • Institute for Sustainable Government sponsored www.bre.co.uk London. (1997 and 2000). www.smartwaste.co.uk Development in Business (ISDB) organisation creating markets Waste issues are included in the Identifies recycled materials. A tool developed by BRE to help www.ntu.ac.uk/susdev for recycled products. assessment. (See under Energy Use) companies to audit the waste Based at Nottingham Trent Linked to AggRegain • Handbook of Sustainable produced on site, to reduce University, the ISDB supports www.aggregain.org.uk • Building a Better Quality of Building environmental impact and save environmental performance in Information on the re-use of Life: A Strategy for more Anink, Boonstra & Mak costs. business and operates a range of aggregates. Sustainable Construction. James & Hames Ltd, London. projects including a materials • www.letsrecycle.com DTI (2000) (1996). Identifies recycled and • Construction Industry Research exchange network. General information on recycling. reclaimed materials. and Information Association • Demonstrations of Sustainability (CIRIA) • National Waste Awareness • UK Recycled Products Guide Rethinking Construction. (2003) • The Nottinghamshire and www.ciria.org.uk Initiative www.recycledproducts.org.uk Highlights case studies which Nottingham Waste Local Plan Publishes a comprehensive series www.nwai.org.uk address sustainable construction Nottinghamshire County Council on construction waste including: issues. (2002) guides relating to site, design, • Royal Institute of Chartered FURTHER READING Tel: 0115 9772180 management, technical issues, Surveyors (RICS) • A Draft Municipal • Waste Strategy 2000 (England training, reclaimed and recycled www.rics.org Waste Management Strategy and Wales) • Publications from BRE materials. Aimed at property professionals. for Nottinghamshire, DETR (2000) The Stationery Office. www.bre.co.uk Minimising and Recycling Nottinghamshire County Council Book shop section includes many • Department of Environment Construction Waste Guides are (2000) Sets out government strategy to BRE Digests, Reports, Information Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) available. minimise waste and to Papers and Good Building www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste • Beddington Zero Energy encourage more sustainable waste Guides, along with products from For statistics and strategy on waste. • Timber Recycling Information Development – Construction management. other leading built environment Centre Materials Report (Toolkit for Tel: 0870 600 5522 publishers. Many of these cover www.recycle-it.org Carbon Neutral Development) sustainable construction issues.
18 Sustainable Developer Guide for Notts (2004)
What are the sustainable solutions?
What should be the priorities for reducing waste? CASE STUDIES QA • According to Government policy and sustainability principles, the following waste hierarchy should • Patchings Farm Art Centre, be followed (with priority given to actions at the top): Nr Calverton 1. Reduce waste at source. Two complete log cabins have been 2. Reuse rather than discard. rescued, transported and linked into 3. Recycle and/or compost. one building on site. 4. Recover energy through incineration or methane extraction. Tel: 0115 9653479 5. Dispose without recovery.
How can waste be minimised or utilised effectively during construction projects? QA • Design and specify in order to minimise wastage of materials, (e.g. use of prefabricated units) and ensure accurate control of ordering systems. • Consider re-using or refurbishing existing buildings on site. • Audit materials on site and assess the extent to which they could be put to good use in the new development. • Consider durability of new materials and how they might be reused or recycled in the future • Gusto Homes, Millennium Green, (see Building Design & Specification). Collingham • Minimise damage or loss during storage through weatherproof covering of materials. Waste costs of this small housing development were reduced by • Separate out waste on site to facilitate recycling. separating materials into different • Arrange for return delivery of packaging materials (such as pallets) to suppliers. skips on site, and wherever possible • Check the skip/ waste container regularly to ensure that materials are not being thrown away unnecessarily. using recycled materials in the • Avoid burning surplus (often polluting) materials on construction sites. building process. • Reuse excavated soil or rubble on site to assist with screening / landscaping. Contact: Chief Executive Tel: 01636 894 900 www.gustohomes.com QWhat are the opportunities for using recycled materials in construction? A • Give preference to:- • Hawthornes Printers, Nottingham - Products that contain a high content of recycled materials e.g. loft insulation made from waste paper. A local printing company that has - Locally reclaimed aggregates e.g. crushed brick, glass or concrete used as a sub-base for paths, reviewed every environmental driveways, car parks etc. 20% represents good practice. impact of its business and gained accreditation for the standard ISO - Re-manufactured plastic products, many of which are made from recycled plastic, including 14001. Waste has been reduced and timber substitute, street furniture and cladding boards. where possible chemicals and paper - Reconditioned components which are increasingly available and range from complete steel are recycled. Thus less waste is lying buildings to pieces of electrical equipment. in skips on site and less goes to landfill or incineration. Tel: 0115 970 1421 What steps should be taken to ensure provision of sufficient facilities for recycling? QA • Set aside space for a recycling centre if there are none nearby. There may be opportunities for sharing facilities with other existing or planned developments. • Liaise with the Waste Management team at the City or County Councils or with district authorities. • Provide sufficient space for recycling bins to allow separate storage of paper, cans, organic waste, glass and plastics, both within the property and at any kerbside collection points. • Ensure that waste bins are carefully sited to aid collection and ease of use. QHow can householders/businesses reduce their waste stream further through good design and management practices? • Environment Agency’s Trentside A • Separate as many recyclable wastes as possible into containers. Offices, Nottingham • Purchase locally produced products with minimal packaging and use more durable products. Site preparation for the Area offices • Arrange for bulk purchasing through a number of households or businesses. involved the use of a crushing plant • Invest in composting bins, allowing sufficient external space. to re-use materials from the previous • Be aware of charity/community recycling networks which can provide door-to-door or kerbside building as hardcore, some timber recycling and the selling of all metal collection of materials/clothes, often where local authority services do not yet operate. items to other businesses for re-use or recycling. Contact: Partnership Officer. Tel: 0115 945 5722
www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk 19
WATER USE & DRAINAGE
Water is a precious resource. It’s important that we make sure that as little as possible is wasted. That doesn’t mean going without – it just means using our water wisely.
Water is not just necessary for our require upgrading in order to to pollution from surface activities. FORCES FOR CHANGE survival, it is also essential for many accommodate greater storm activity. It is important that standards of • Higher UK water consumption of our day-to-day activities - in Recognising these growing design materials specification and levels. domestic, agricultural and industrial pressures the Environment of on-site construction practices situations. As consumption levels Agency has produced a regional respect the vulnerability of all • Drier summers will increase risk continue to rise, there is increasing water resources strategy to watercourses, aquifers and of water shortages (by a fifth by pressure upon river, groundwater, There are many measures that can be taken to save 2020). and wetland ecosystems. and re-use water. Most require little cost and have a The UK Climate Impacts Programme • Wetter winters with heavier (UKCIP) anticipates that global minimum impact on lifestyles. downpours will increase flood warming will lead to significant guide the management of this environmentally sensitive areas. risk and storm damage. changes in rainfall distribution and vital resource over the next 25 years. The challenge ahead is to manage • Increasing incidences of water intensity, with UK properties likely In Nottinghamshire, the Sherwood the demand for water, its associated pollution can endanger wildlife to suffer in the future from water Sandstone aquifer, which is the infrastructure and the water and public supply. shortages or flood damage. The primary source of public water environment more effectively and, in design, capacity and maintenance supply in the county, has been doing so, to reduce the threat of • More widespread metering. of urban drainage systems may heavily exploited, and is vulnerable flooding, pollution and water shortage.
• Increased cost of water supply Domestic water butt. Flooding incidents can endanger human Water recycling tanks at the Nottingham life and property. Ecohouse, West Bridgford. and treatment.
• Increased availability of new cost-effective systems for recycling water, curbing its use and treating waste-water.
• More stringent EU national and regional policies/legislation to reduce water use, pollution and flood risk.
Further Resources WEBSITES • Environment Agency (EA) • Water Companies serving Tel: 0870 122 6236 to order a copy. • Sustainable Housing – options • Affordable Water www.environmentagency.gov.uk Nottinghamshire: www.planning.odpm.gov.uk for independent energy, water www.sustainablehomes.co.uk /savewater or floodline Severn Trent Water supply and sewerage A guide to cutting water The EA provides information and www.severn-trent.com • Disposing of Rainwater T Smerdon, R Waggett, R Grey consumption and costs with advice about water conservation Anglian Water Building Research Establishment Application Guide AG26/97 relevance to all householders. and management, including www.anglian.com (BRE) (2000) Tel: 01344 426511 SUDS, and flood warning. Both provide advice to customers • A Sustainability Checklist for Order via www.bsria.co.uk • Bio-Regional Development Group It provides an enquiry line on on water management and best Development www.bioregional.com 0845 933 111. practice. BRE Centre for Sustainable • Lifting the Lid An innovative organisation Tel 0845 988 1188 for Floodline. Freephone: 0800 169 4987 Construction. P Harper and L Halestrap working on sustainable uses of D Broomhill and S Rao CRC Ltd Centre for Alternative the local natural environment • Parts G & H of Building FURTHER READING • Good Building Guide GB42 Technology, (CAT) 2000. and appropriate technology. Regulations (ODPM) • Sustainable Urban Drainage Part 1 Reed beds: Application Examines the options for different www.theso.co.uk Systems – An Introduction and specification dry toilet designs and treatments. • Centre for Alternative Technology Government prescribed minimum • Conserving Water in Buildings Part 2 Reed beds: Design, • Sewage Problems www.cat.org.uk building standards covering • A Study of Domestic Greywater construction & maintenance by N Grant, M Moodie, E Weedon A leading eco centre offering practical sanitary appliances, drainage Recycling N Grant and J Griggs BRE, Examines natural methods of solutions for alternative water and waste. All available from Environment Watford, (2000). recycling sewage, including supply and sewage treatment. Published by the Stationery Office. Agency (and SEPA). All available from CRC Ltd. reedbeds and compost toilets. Tel 020 7944 4400 Good introductions to the Tel: 020 7505 6622 Tel: 01654 705959 (for mail order) • Construction Industry Research principles, giving pointers to www.brebookshop.com Order via www.cat.org.uk and Information Association • UK Climate Impacts further information. (CIRIA) Programme (UKCIP) Tel: 0115 945 5722 • Rainwater and Greywater in • Shaping Neighbourhoods: A www.ciria.org.uk/suds www.ukcip.org.uk Buildings: Project Report and Guide for Health, Sustainable Urban Drainage Funded by DEFRA, UKCIP • PPG25: Development and Case Studies Sustainability and Vitality Systems: Promoting Good researches and advises on the Flood Risk (2001) D Brewer, R Brown et al. by H Barton, M Grant, R Guise. Practice. impact of climate change, mainly The latest Government Planning Building Services Research & Spon Press (2003) at national and regional level. Guidance, although subject to Information Association (BSRIA) updating. (2001)
20 Sustainable Developer Guide for Notts (2004)
What are the sustainable solutions?
How can water use be monitored? CASE STUDIES QA • Install a water meter wherever possible – real water savings can be achieved when occupiers pay for what they use. Ensure that they are installed correctly and regularly serviced. • Hockerton Housing Project High grade drinking water and low How can mains water be saved? grade bathing and flushing water QA • Consider installing the following: are provided by rainwater collection and treatment via septic tanks and - Dual-flush or low-flush toilets that can reduce water use by up to 20%, or waterless urinals. reed beds. Also, water conservation - A water displacement device in older cisterns to reduce capacity. measures are in place. - Showers are more efficient than baths - they use a third of the water (except for ‘power showers’). Contact: Director see: Appendix1 - Spray taps for washbasins - they can save 80% of water use. Tel: 01636 816 902 - Low-water use fittings which should be as near to the hot-water source as possible to reduce www.hockerton.demon.co.uk ‘dead legs’ and the consequent waste from running the hot tap until it gives hot water. - Water-efficient washing machines (both domestic and industrial) and dishwashers.
How can water best be collected and recycled within a building? QA • Buildings can be designed to allow recycling of ‘grey’ water (usually from bath, shower and washbasins) for flushing toilets or for assisting plant growth and other low quality uses. • Rainwater collection can be undertaken at different levels of cost, complexity and saving: - Installing a water butt, which takes roof water from a drainpipe, is simple and inexpensive. • The Autonomous House, Southwell Collects water from the roof for all - Collection for flushing the toilet or for use in the washing machine requires storage in tanks and filtering. needs, and stores it in 30,000 litre - Collection for drinking and cooking requires filtering and purification (NB. aim to avoid chemicals). tank in the basement. Uses a composting toilet to turn human How should planting schemes be managed? waste into garden fertiliser. QA • Avoid plants requiring large amounts of water. Design for drier summers. Contact; See Hockerton Housing Project (above). • Water plants with collected rainwater (ideally from outside water butts) or household ‘grey’ water.
• Avoid using mains supplies, hoses or sprinklers. • Edwinstowe Youth Hostel • Increase ground cover and mulch plants at the start of summer to help retain moisture. A new youth hostel situated on the • Water plants in early morning or late evening to reduce evaporation. edge of Sherwood Forest Country Park. The building uses water and How can the risk of local flooding be minimised? energy recycling systems. QA • Avoid hard-surfacing of large areas in favour of soft landscaping (eg. grass or porous paving) which slows the rate of run-off to watercourses. Consider planting on flat roofed areas (‘green roofs’) if rainwater is not collected for re-use. • Adopt a sustainable drainage systems (SUDS) approach to surface water drainage. With SUDS, the rate of flow is slowed (through filter strips, swales, and soakaways). This prevents flooding and erosion and spreads peak flows over a longer period. SUDS can also filter out some pollutants (e.g. intercepting oil), provide a local water amenity (e.g. balancing ponds) and have the added benefit of increasing biodiversity on the site. • Sherwood Energy Village • If you have concerns about flooding: Has the largest application of SUDS - For main rivers, check the maps on the Environment Agency website - (See Further Resources). in the UK, with engineered swales to - For information about other water courses, check with your local council. hold surface water run-off. Buildings on site are being designed • In flood risk areas you may be required to submit an individual flood risk assessment, which should and built to include rainwater show how the risk for occupants is minimised. harvesting and recycling. Contact: Project Manager What are the alternatives to traditional methods of treating wastewater/ sewage? Tel: 01623 860222 www.sev.org.uk QA • More natural methods of treating sewage have been adopted in many new developments in the UK and proven to be effective. These include: - Use of reed bed or wetland sewage treatment, which can also double up as an attractive wildlife habitat. (NB. Only appropriate for larger, self-contained schemes.) - In more urban/ built up areas, or where space is limited, neighbourhood treatment can be achieved through new technologies such as solar aquatic treatment or ‘Living Machines’. - Composting toilets and waterless urinals - these use no water and should not smell.
www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk 21
BIODIVERSITY
Caring for biodiversity is a key element of sustainable development; it is a role that developers are well placed to undertake.
Biodiversity represents the variety of are expected not only to compensate FORCES FOR CHANGE biological life and of the for any negative impacts but also to • The UK Biodiversity Action Plan activity of plants and animals, plus secure some significant biodiversity and Nottinghamshire’s Local the various habitats which support ‘gains’. Biodiversity Action Plan set out them. It is not just about the rare The health of our wildlife is a key national and local and special, it is about valuing the indicator of the condition of the targets/actions for protecting our entire natural world around us. The environment as a whole. The last habitats and species. value of biodiversity extends beyond century saw a dramatic increase in the pleasure and knowledge to be the speed and scale of biodiversity • Habitat losses in gained from contact with nature; loss, and ongoing research indicates Nottinghamshire include 50% less ancient woodland than in The value of biodiversity extends beyond the pleasure 1920, 90% less heathland than and knowledge to be gained from contact with nature; in 1922, 98% less wildflower it shapes the quality of our oxygen, food and water, Barn owls are threatened by loss of habitats grassland than in 1930. and can contribure to our physical and mental health. and roost sites. for example, we are only just that a number of species have of natural habitats, from the • Public awareness and involvement recognising the social and economic become extinct or endangered. This wetlands of the Trent Valley to the in nature conservation issues potential of some plants and century brings the added challenge ancient woodlands and heathlands has grown dramatically over the animals as new sources of food or of adapting to climate change, of Sherwood Forest. These need past ten years. medicines. Caring for biodiversity is which will have further implications careful management and • Recording of biodiversity data is a key element of sustainable for wildlife. monitoring if they are to survive for improving steadily. This provides development and larger schemes Nottinghamshire has a wide variety future generations to enjoy. a fuller understanding of the Otters are making a comeback in Nottinghamshire. Red Campion. county’s natural resources and enables a rapid response to change.
• Reduced permitted levels of water abstraction from aquifers and the Nitrate Vulnerable Zone status (for much of the county) will prompt changes to agricultural practice.
• Increasing weight and scope of leglislation protecting wildlife.
Further Resources WEBSITES and education. contribution to the natural FURTHER READING DETR (1999). • World Wide Fund for Nature www.nbgrc.org.uk environment. • Biodiversity: The UK Action Plan Cmd.4345. The Stationery Office www.wwf.org.uk www.biodiversity-benchmark.org.uk Published by the Department of • Nottinghamshire Biodiversity the Environment • Building Biodiversity into Local • English Nature Action Group • Bio-Regional Development Cm2428 HMSO, London, 1994. Government Practice www.english-nature.org.uk www.nottsbag.org.uk Group A practical guide available from A government agency that champions A countywide partnership of www.bioregional.com • PPG 9: Nature Conservation (1999) Notts County Council Environment /advises on the conservation and organisations involved in nature An innovative organisation working www.odpm.gov.uk Department. enhancement of wildlife, geology conservation. Provides advice, training on the sustainable uses of the local Relevant Govt. planning policy Contact: Biodiversity Officer and wild places. and financial support to individuals natural environment and guidance, subject to update. Tel: 0115 977 4213 and community groups taking appropriate technology. Tel: 0870 122 6236 to order • Environment Agency action to protect local wildlife. • Developing Naturally www.environment-agency.gov.uk • Beddington Zero Energy • Local Biodiversity Action Plan A handbook for incorporating the Tel: 0115 9455722 • Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust Development for Nottinghamshire natural environment into planning www.wildlifetrust.org.uk/notting- An example of an urban Nottinghamshire and development. • Nottinghamshire Biological hamshire development adopting a County Council 1998 Contact: MJ Oxford - Project Officer and Geological Records Centre biodiversity plan for the site. Contact:Biodiversity Officer E: [email protected] Tel: 0115 915 3902 • The Wildlife Trusts Biodiversity www.bedzed.org.uk Tel: 0115 977 4213 or via www.alge.org.uk Holds information about the Benchmark county’s wildlife which is used for A means by which all organisations • Royal Society for the Protection • A Better Quality of Life – a Strategy • A Guide to Ecological Footprints a variety of purposes, including land can measure and improve their of Birds (RSPB) for Sustainable Development for World Wide Fund for Nature use planning, land management www.rspb.org.uk the United Kingdom www.wwf.org.uk/fuelibrary Tel: 01273 775333 /ecological footprints 22 Sustainable Developer Guide for Notts (2004)
What are the sustainable solutions?
How can biodiversity be taken into consideration before development begins? CASE STUDIES QA • Carry out an ecological impact assessment of the proposal at the outset. This should be undertaken by a suitably qualified ecologist. Where appropriate, consult local specialists. • Holly Road, Watnall, Nottingham • Consider the wider ecological impacts on surrounding areas. A local plan allocation for this • Do not develop on areas that are protected for their wildlife. Local authorities can indicate how these large housing area was modified in areas may affect the site/building. (See local plans and the Notts Local Biodiversity Action Plan). 1993 to incorporate a one acre nature conservation site alongside a main footpath in order to QHow can development be designed to benefit local wildlife rather than harm it? preserve a colony of rare meadow A • Retain and integrate as much of the existing natural landscape features and habitats into the overall saxifrage. design (e.g., ponds, trees, hedges) as possible. Contact: Broxtowe Borough Council • Take every opportunity to add new wildlife-friendly features and habitats as part of any new development. Tel: 0115 917 3482 Where there is sufficient space, consider the creation of new habitats such as woods and grasslands. • The Old Ragged School, Where space is more limited, encourage wildlife into the development through other means Nottingham e.g. introduce bird boxes or bat boxes, or petition to plant more street trees. At Nottinghamshire Wildlife • Avoid culverts (covered drains). Open water courses are more accessible for wildlife. Trust’s offices in Sneinton Market, • Provide corridors of linked planting, such as hedgerows, to allow cross-pollination and provide the School’s old playground has interconnecting routes for wildlife. These features can be co-ordinated with safe pedestrian routes been converted to a garden which acts as an oasis for a range of and cycle routes. wildlife (especially butterflies and • Develop a planting strategy that uses native species from local sources to contribute to biodiversity. dragonflies) in the city centre. Should non-native species be required, they should be carefully selected to suit the local conditions www.wildlifetrust.org.uk/notting- and habitat. hamshire • Use sustainable drainage systems (SUDS) to collect, clean and store water before it soaks into the Contact: Chief Executive ground or enters natural watercourses. They also provide valuable wildlife habitats. Tel: 0115 9588242 • Green roofs (roofs covered in soil and plants) can provide new habitats as well as building insulation. These can vary from substantial soil depths that can support a meadow-type environment to non-native, low-maintenance sedum species that can provide a rich food source for insects.
What positive steps for biodiversity can be taken during construction? QA • Timetable construction to avoid disruption to seasonal wildlife activities, such as nesting birds and movements of amphibians to and from ponds. • Maximise the use of locally occurring or on-site resources, especially soils. • Minimise damage to wildlife habitats during the construction process. Provide protection to established trees and plants during the construction work or if possible aim to relocate those at risk. • Oakham Business Park, • Only relocate areas or species of value or recreate a habitat as a last resort. Mansfield The extension of the Business Park • Select plants and trees most appropriate to local conditions that can support native wildlife and into a wildlife rich area required insects and maintain the local landscape character. Use as many native species (from local plant stock translocation of grassland, wetland propagated in advance) as possible. These support more wildlife species and are often cheaper to enhancement and extensive native establish and maintain, e.g. ash, oak, willow, silver birch, hawthorn, alder, and rowan trees. tree / hedge planting. The resulting new habitat area is a proposed Local Nature Reserve. What needs to be done after the development is completed? Q Contact: Mansfield District Council A • The habitats and features retained or created during development must be properly managed to Tel: 01623 463107 prevent their degradation and loss of wildlife interest. (See Maintenance and Management.) • Avoid importing any peat-based soil, as peat bogs are a diminishing resource which support rare species.
What actions might have a wider impact? QA • Consider the building materials used and their impact on the environment. For example: - Use sustainably grown timber - look for the Forestry Stewardship Council kitemark. - Minimise the use of quarried materials that can impact on endangered habitats. - Be aware that some chemical treatments, especially of wood, can be damaging to wildlife.(eg.bats) - Take into account the environmental cost of importing material over long distances - finding a local source will assist the local economy.
www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk 23
COMMUNITY
Developers need to be clear and open about their objectives when involving the community and about where the boundaries of community influence lie.
Sustainable development is not local people in making decisions through collective action. just about curbing pollution or about their homes, workplaces All local authorities now have to designing the most energy efficient and local environment. The consider sustainable development building using the greenest cohesiveness of communities is when they undertake reviews of materials. It should also involve often greatly strengthened their services or respond to development proposals. They Without a sense of caring, there can be no sense of also have powers to promote the community. (Antony J Angelo) social, economic and environmental well being of their areas and are FORCES FOR CHANGE obliged to prepare a Community Strategy in partnership with different On site with the construction team of a • Increasing pressure on public agencies and voluntary and Nottingham social housing project (NECTA) services. community groups. These strategies building design and development • New information and tend to highlight health, crime, control processes. • Greater expectation upon local communication technologies - environment and transport as The majority of developments authorities to engage with their likely to facilitate more flexible priority issues, which in turn can have an impact upon their communities. working practices. often be addressed through the neighbours and on the facilities of the wider neighbourhood. In this • UK Sustainable Communities • The Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act (2004) - requires respect, it is the role of the planning Strategy and Action Plan (2003) - Public meeting at Calverton. system to deliver social, economic sets out policies, partnerships & statements of community and environmental benefits to the resources for assisting communities involvement. community. It should make sure that to thrive. • Increased flexibility of new appraisals for larger development • The Crime and Disorder Act accommodation designed to proposals incorporate adequate 1998 (esp. section 17) - places a cater for changing circumstances, improvements to local facilities responsibility on local authorities especially in household and (such as transport, schools, parks to audit crime and publish business sizes. and health care). It is also possible for communities to initiate strategies to reduce it. • Public funding is increasingly developments themselves. For being channelled through • Requirements under the example, to provide or improve a programmes which tap local Disability Discrimination Act specific local facility, perhaps people’s views and skills. (1995 - Part 3) through self build projects or Community Development Trusts.
Further Resources WEBSITES Tel: 0845 4588336 • Sustainable Communities: FURTHER READING • But will we want to live there? • Centre for Accessible 07793 321 731 - Regional Office Building for the Future • A Better Quality of Life: A – Planning for People & Environments (Communities Plan), 2003 Strategy for Sustainable Neighbourhoods in 2020 www.cae.org.uk • The National Housing Federation www.odpm.gov.uk Development for the UK. C.L Andrews, W Reardon-Smith, Provides information on designing www.housing.org.uk (See Ch 7:Building Sustainable M Townsend. accessible environments. • Urban White Paper (DETR 2000) Communities) www.women2020.com • Neighbourhood Initiatives www.urban.odpm.gov.uk DETR May 1999. • Community Development Foundation /whitepaper • Community Planning Handbook Foundation www.nifonline.org.uk Makes the case for community • Building the 21st Century Nick Wates www.cdf.org.uk Supports community development. engagement to achieve urban Home: The Sustainable Urban London, Earthscan. (2000) Enables people to participate Tel: 0870 7700339 renaissance. Neighbourhood effectively in decisions affecting by D. Rudlin and N. Falk • Crime and Disorder Act 1998 their living conditions. • New Economics Foundation • Rural White Paper (DETR 2000) Architectural Press, Oxford 1999. www.homeoffice.gov.uk Tel: 0207 226 5375 www.neweconomics.org www.defra.gov.uk/rural/ruralwp Includes “Participation Works!” - • Achieving Community Benefits • Secured by Design • Community Self Build Agency 21 techniques for community • Sustainable Homes (DETR 2000) through Contracts: law, policy www.securedbydesign.com www.communityselfbuild participation for the 21st century. www.sustainablehomes.co.uk and practice. /developers/index.html agency.org.uk Funded by the Housing R. MacFarlane and M.Cook for Tel: 0207 415 7092 • People for Action Corporation, it promotes awareness Joseph Rowntree Foundation. • Shaping Neighbourhoods: A www.peopleforaction.org.uk of sustainable development www.jrf.org.uk Guide to Health, Sustainability • Development Trusts Association Forms networks with housing issues and encourages housing and Vitality www.dta.org.uk associations and offers solutions associations to adopt sustainable • Make it Happen by H. Barton, M. Grant and R. Guise. Promotes the work of community for sustainable action. policies and practices. J. Caplin for Social Enterprise Services Spon Press 2003. development trusts. Tel: 0121 633 3836 Tools & techniques for community self-improvement.
24 Sustainable Developer Guide for Notts (2004)
What are the sustainable solutions?
How should the local community be consulted and involved in larger schemes? CASE STUDIES QA • Allow time and resources when planning your scheme for effective dissemination of information, local discussions and responses, and demonstrate that community feedback has been taken into • Hockerton Housing Project account. Larger sites may require the submission of a statement of community involvement. Within the site there are areas dedicated • Draw upon existing community resources, such as voluntary groups, tenant associations and for food production (including fruit, community forums. vegetables, fish rearing and bee keep- ing) and communal art/recreation. • Ensure there are opportunities and support structures for engaging local people at all stages of the The residents share communal development. maintenance tasks as well as bills • Keep key individuals and community groups informed of progress, particularly if there are setbacks and have established a LETS scheme and delays. and a formal consultancy business. • Ensure proposals take account of the local Community Strategy. See also page 29. Contact: Director Tel: 01636 816902 What measures should be taken in order to stimulate a diverse community and a varied local economy? www.hockerton.demon.co.uk QA • Develop properties which have a mix of tenures, including shared ownership. Street-level mixing is preferable to separating into different zones. • Provide for a range of households, e.g. families, single people, elderly and special needs. • Be aware of local authority requirements for a percentage of affordable housing to be provided on larger sites. • Facilitate self-help and self-build initiatives wherever possible. Self-builders will pay specific attention to detail, and insist on good design and maintenance. • Ensure ease of access to and through the site by all sections of the community (esp. disabled). • Provide a range of accommodation sizes and types to give freedom to expand/contract according to changing circumstances. • Notts Ecoteams • Promote local exchange and trading systems (LETS) and community enterprise schemes. An environmental impact monitor- • Consider sponsoring local skills training, particularly in association with construction and maintenance ing project which has been (success- programmes. fully) tested in Rushcliffe and • Use local suppliers and services wherever possible. Broxtowe. It involves groups of households who work together to make lifestyle changes. How can the development contribute to improving community safety? Contact: Ecoteams Co-ordinator Q • Examine ways of reducing the risk of crime through site layout and design features such as: A Tel: 0115 914 3893 - safe routes for pedestrians and cyclists. www.globalactionplan.org.uk - planting schemes that give defensive space and deter intruders. - positioning of windows for supervision of communal areas and car parks. • Obtain appropriate Home Office recommendations and consult with the local police Architectural Liaison Officer (ALO). Contact ALO at Notts Police HQ at Sherwood Lodge (Tel: 0115 967 2617). N.B. Some Districts and the City Council employ a Crime Prevention Officer who can provide safety advice in respect of all types of building. • Use design techniques to reduce accidents both inside and outside of buildings. • Work with local authorities to implement the findings of their community safety strategy and action plans.
How can other community benefits best be provided? QA • Provide access to space for growing food (such as allotments). • Provide safe, well designed public spaces and well-managed community buildings. • Sherwood Energy Village, Ollerton • Provide informal recreational space for teenagers and young adults. Sherwood Energy Village is a social • Be aware that government departments, local authorities, registered social landlords, local regeneration enterprise initiative emerging after colliery closure and shaped by exten- companies / partnerships etc can secure community benefits through their contracts and other sive local consultation. It is owned agreements (such as creating new job and training opportunities). primarily by local shareholders and will apply its profits to benefit that community. See also page 30. Contact: Project Manager Tel: 01623 860222 www.sev.org.uk
www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk 25
HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT
The historic environment is an irreplaceable resource that should be treated responsibly. Conservation is intrinsically sustainable.
Nottinghamshire’s historic capacity to change and destroy environment is rich in quality, what was created in the past. quantity and diversity. We have Sustainable principles suggest that always interacted with this com- we should achieve an acceptable plex historic environment, adapting quality of life and pass on this it, shaping landscapes and leaving inheritance to our children and behind a wealth of buildings, grandchildren in the best possible structures, and archaeological condition. Old buildings, even of remains. Much of this environment modest architectural quality is in a fragile condition, unprotected, represent a past investment of poorly recorded and vulnerable to energy and materials. Retaining unsympathetic management and and adapting them, rather than development proposals. replacing them, is a sensible way Part of Nottingham canalside regeneration scheme. Today we have an unprecedented of safeguarding past investment of energy. It often requires expert The majority of the historic environment is unprotected, FORCES FOR CHANGE input at the design stage. poorly recorded and vulnerable to unsympathetic Many traditionally constructed development proposals. • Increasing awareness that the con- buildings have served a series of servation of historic buildings is a uses over a long period of time and many of them are capable of further Victorian buildings. Those which sustainability issue, in recognition are associated with traditional long and useful lives. have survived and been adapted of the substantial ‘embodied’ skills and practices. Appropriately Nottinghamshire has a particularly have become desirable residential, energy they represent. maintained and sensitively occupied, rich heritage of industrial commercial or institutional Corner of King’s Sconce revealed in archaeological dig at Newark’s Northgate. properties and have sparked the • Greater appreciation of the positive (Courtesy of Innervisions of Retford) regeneration of whole areas (e.g. impact of the built heritage on the Nottingham’s Canalside). quality of modern life. Both historic buildings and • Government’s more extensive archaeological remains contain policy attention to the historic irreplaceable information about environment as a whole. the past. While historic buildings can normally be sensitively • Greater knowledge about the modernised or re-used, archaeology environmental, health and is a non-renewable resource that thermal insulation qualities of requires careful management if it is to traditional building materials. survive to benefit future generations.
Further Resources WEBSITES • Nottingham Civic Society (NCS) • Council for British Archaeology www.nottinghamcivicsociety.org.uk • The Royal Institute of • English Heritage • PPG 15: Planning and the www.britarch.ac.uk Chartered Surveyors (RICS) - Sustaining the Historic Historic Environment, (1994) • Nottinghamshire Council for www.rics.org.uk Environment:New Perspectives PPG16: Archaeology and • English Heritage the Protection of Rural Information Service on the Future, 1997 Planning, (1990) www.english-heritage.org.uk England (CPRE) Tel: 020 7222 7000 - Building in Context:new Government planning policy The Government’s statutory www.sandraford.btinternet.co.uk Development in Historic Areas, guidance relevant to this topic. adviser on archaeology and the /nottscpre • The Society for the Protection 2001. (product code XH20186) (Subject to update as at 2004) management of the historic of Ancient Buildings (SPAB) - Building Regulations and Historic www.planning.odpm.gov.uk environment in England. • The Institute of Historic Provides useful guidance notes Buildings, 2002. (product code /ppg/index Tel: 0870 333 1181 Building Conservation on a range of traditional repairs 50675) (Refers to Part L of 2002 Tel: 0870 122 6236 English Heritage (East Midlands). www.ihbc.org.uk and building techniques. revised regs.) Tel: 01604 735400 Tel: 01747 871 717 www.spab.org.uk • The Building Conservation There are also free publications Directory • Federation of Master Builders • The Royal Institute of British FURTHER READING available via the website or to (Cathedral Communications Ltd, 2003) www.fmb.org Architects (RIBA) • Nottinghamshire County Council order by telephone, quoting A guide to specialist suppliers, (See link to ‘How to avoid cowboy www.riba.org or Environment Dept product number. Topics include: consultants and craft people in builders) www.architecture.com Publications: draught proofing and secondary traditional building conservation Tel: 020 7242 7583 Information service, including a - Traditional Sash Windows. glazing, energy savings, timber refurbishment and design. guide to employing architects. - A Guide to Re-pointing Stone and sash windows. Published annually. • Salvo www.salvo.co.uk Tel: 020 7580 5533 Brickwork. www.english-heritage.org.uk www.buildingconservation.com County based architectural salvage Contact: Notts County Council Tel: 0870 333 1181 service. Conservation Group Tel: 0115 977 2160 26 Sustainable Developer Guide for Notts (2004)
What are the sustainable solutions?
What should be considered before proposing new development? CASE STUDIES QA • Be aware that the proposal could affect historic structures or areas, some of which are protected by designation, N.B. there are limitations on the scope for demolition and alterations without consent, • Boughton Pumping Station especially to listed buildings and in Conservation Areas. A partnership between the local • Where building activity is involved or land/ property is designated or listed etc, seek early expert community, local authorities, advice from District, City or County Councils and preferably employ suitable professionals to bring government agencies, the voluntary sector and Severn Trent Water forward your proposals. secured £4 million to restore and • Retain and re-use existing buildings wherever possible. This is a fundamental sustainable convert this Grade II listed building approach and should be considered at the outset. Where demolition is necessary, assess the which was previously derelict. It is nature and significance of the asset in its setting first. now an invaluable community • Ensure that any new buildings are sensitive to their locality. The key to success is thoughtful design, resource and houses twenty small enhancing the historic base wherever possible. business units together with conference, educational and meeting facilities and a restaurant. QWhat should be considered if a proposal might affect archaeological sites or historic landscapes? Contact: Chief Executive A • Consult with the City or County Council’s archaeologists to determine if these sites/ landscapes are Tel: 01623 862366 likely to be affected and whether a desk-based assessment or a field evaluation (excavation) needs to be undertaken. • Recognise that archaeological remains are fixed components of the site, to be treated as seriously as ground conditions or drainage. • Be aware that design solutions can lessen the impact of development upon buried remains, perhaps avoiding the need for expensive excavations, but success often depends on early identification in the planning process.
What should be considered when converting or re-using an historic building? Q • The Adams Building, A • Consider the effect of development on the architectural and historic interest of an area/building and The Lace Market, Nottingham. seek design solutions that are compatible with the character. The preservation and restoration of key This Grade II* listed building by Thomas features can enhance the attractiveness and value of a development. Hine is one of the most impressive • Seek out uses which maximise the qualities of a historic building. In town centres, for example, the examples of Victorian industrial architecture in the city and has been re-use of upper floors above commercial premises can help to ensure the long-term survival of the fully restored for educational use. An building. early privately funded initiative in the • Favour traditional materials and application methods to avoid permanent damage to the character Further Education sector which has and fabric of a building, for example, lime based plaster, render and paints. involved several partners and assistance from Nottingham City Council. What should be considered when refurbishing or extending an historic building or structure? Contact: Group Buildings Manager New College, Nottingham Q • Reduce energy loss where it can be achieved without harm to the character and importance of the A Tel: 0115 953 4225. historic building. Often, set-solution or new energy standards applied to new buildings may not be suitable for historic structures and more imaginative methods of upgrading are required. Some flexibility in the application of Building Regulations is allowed, and most historic buildings can be viewed as special cases in regard to Part L. • Ensure that new insulation is accompanied by appropriate means of ventilation to avoid damage to roof structures caused by condensation. • Traditional timber windows can be sensitively up-graded by adding separate secondary glazing or insulated blinds or shutters. Avoid their replacement with PVCu and other unsustainable products. • Recognise the likely adverse impact of solar and photovoltaic panels on visible roof slopes (or free • Windles Square, Calverton standing). A unique set of framework knitters’ cottages saved from demolition and • Extensions should aim to meet the same high standards of sustainable design as all new buildings. renovated by the Building Preservation Society with grant aid from the County Council. The buildings have since been sold to Gedling Borough Council as social housing. Contact: Building Preservation Trust Tel: 0115 981 9622
www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk 27
MAINTENANCE & MANAGEMENT
The ongoing maintenance, repair and refurbishment of buildings can have a greater environmental impact over their lifespan than their original construction. (Rethinking Construction 2003)
Buildings that are being planned outset of a project. In general, the For larger schemes it is desirable planned for older buildings - and constructed today will most care taken at the design stage, not that maintenance responsibilities since some types of modernisation likely still be in use in 50-100 years only with materials for a building’s should be clearly defined, may trigger a decline that could time. The principal commitment fabric and skin but also with the particularly between occupants, threaten their survival. of sustainability is to the long term accessibility and complexity of its utility companies, local authorities Finally, owners and occupiers need and, in respecting the needs of services and the choice of monitoring and specialist (eg landscaping) high quality information about future generations, it is important systems (especially for water and contractors. There is an onus on how to use a new or refurbished to consider maintenance and energy), will be crucial in determining repairing rather than replacement building, which should improve management objectives at the how efficiently it will operate. where changes are being their capability and motivation to What are the sustainable solutions? realise its ‘green’ potential.
What should be expected from a contractor? QA • Ensure that the managing company and/or maintenance contractor has a good understanding of, and commitment to, sustainable projects and has been demonstrably successful. This would involve checking the quality of previous work and whether ISO14001 certification has been gained. • Require that locally sourced materials, local labour and skills training is used wherever possible. • Put in measures to monitor environmental performance and ensure that actions are taken if targets are not met. • Ensure that sufficient funds are made available for medium to long term management of habitats created as a result of development schemes.
How does the choice of materials/appliances affect maintenance? QA • Assess future maintenance needs and ease of replacement, and devise a realistic maintenance programme at the design stage. • Choose longer lasting materials and appliances (where costs permit) that can save on operational and repair costs over time. Techniques of life cycle costing will become steadily more sophisticated. • Simplify heating controls, perhaps via zoning arrangements, and install accessible metering. (See Building Design and Specification). • Beware of “maintenance-free” products that often involve the replacement of whole components rather than partial repair. Keep and check all manufacturers’ servicing schedules. • Avoid herbicides and fertilisers that can damage soils and habitats. (See also Biodiversity). • Adjust maintenance regimes to encourage wildlife and plant diversity.
To what extent can future occupiers be educated about the optimum management of new buildings? QA • For larger schemes, consider training sessions or courses where key occupiers or managers can be ‘targeted’. • Provide a handover manual/ householders’ pack with particular emphasis on sustainable practices. This should clearly explain operating instructions for any innovative or unfamiliar systems, with the option of a demonstration at handover. • Ensure active user or resident involvement in the management of larger developments, for example, in the analysis of energy and water meter readings, in saving waste and in the upkeep of grounds / gardens. • Encourage evaluation and feedback about living and working conditions, especially if users were All buildings need inspection and maintenance on a regular basis to prevent unnecessary involved in the design process. decay and extensive repairs. • Beware of undertaking repairs or making changes purely for cosmetic reasons. Further Resources WEBSITES • Demonstrations of Sustainability. • Centre for Sustainable • British Standards Institution • Institute of Historic Building • The Building Conservation Rethinking Construction. Construction www.bsi.org.uk Conservation (in association Directory Features a checklist cross-referenced www.bre.co.uk Provides general advice and with Society for Protection of www.english-heritage.org.uk to good exemplars. See BREEAM’s ‘Green Guide to standards on EMAS and ISO14000 Ancient Buildings) See Historic Environment for details. www.rethinkingconstruction.org Specification.’ series on environmental management. www.ihbc.org.uk Tel: 0208 996 9000 A Stitch in Time (2002). Booklet • Salvo • Construction Industry • Green Building Store with excellent references about www.salvo.co.uk Environment Forum (CIEF) www.greenbuildingstore.co.uk • Green Register of Construction maintaining older properties. County based architectural salvage www.ciria.org.uk/ciefintro.htm Local supplier of a wide range of safe Professionals service. See information on procurement. and sustainable building products. www.greenregister.org/
28 Sustainable Developer Guide for Notts (2004)
APPENDIX I EXTENDED CASE STUDIES
HOCKERTON HOUSING PROJECT
The Hockerton Housing Project to a minimum. Its houses are sewage system is self-contained. (HHP) is an innovative, sustainable amongst the most energy efficient, development in the village of purpose-built dwellings in Europe. The homes consist of a terrace of Hockerton near Southwell, five single storey dwellings which Nottinghamshire. The architects The construction of the project are earth-sheltered at the back, so were Professor Brenda Vale and Dr made the maximum use of that the ground surface slopes Robert Vale, whose own ground- benign, organic and recycled and blends smoothly into the breaking home in Southwell pro- materials and the development landscape. Each house is 6 m the rearing of small animals. It vided much of the inspiration and is designed to be, to a large deep with a 19 m south-facing has also allowed for large water know-how for this project. It was extent, self-sufficient. The houses conservatory running the full catchment for the homes and completed in September 1998, are earth covered and have passive width of each home. A repeated waste disposal via a reed-bed system. after three years of planning and solar heating, without a space modular bay system was used for 18 months of construction. It has heating system. A wind turbine ease of construction. Most of the In response to increasing visitors, been designed as one of the first and photovoltaic system provide internal rooms have 3 metre high a new learning resource centre is zero energy residential systems in all of the energy required to run French windows that open to the currently being built. This will the UK, reducing life cycle energy the homes. The water and conservatory. Those rooms that include a dedicated audio-visual are not so dependent on natural room, seminar facilities and light, such as utility and bathing permanent exhibitions. The areas are located towards the rear building itself will be built to of the homes. similar high environmental standards as the homes, including The development is located on a meeting the zero heating and 10ha site that was previously used zero CO2 standards. mainly for agricultural purposes. Such a large area has allowed the For further information: incorporation of features that Contact: Nick White enable the occupants to live in a Tel: 01636 816 902 sustainable and self-sufficient way. E: [email protected] This includes crop cultivation and www.hockerton.demon.co.uk
MILLENNIUM GREEN, COLLINGHAM
The Millennium Green development the houses will cost 50 to 70% less generate approximately 60 % of at Collingham near Newark started to run than an equivalent standard hot water requirements and taps in 1999 and consists of 24 new house, and a reduction in CO2 and showers use aerated water to dwellings and a business centre. emissions of up to 70% will be reduce the amount of water used. The houses boast a variety of achieved. Recycled rainwater from the roof energy saving features and have is used for toilet flushing, running been constructed of materials that The houses feature three times washing machines and watering have low environmental impact, the 2000 building regulations the gardens. such as timber from managed insulation level, argon filled low E point”. The developer, Gusto forests and insulation made from windows and ventilation with heat The houses cost 10% more than Homes, is locally based and has recycled newspapers. As a result, recovery. Their principal glazing standard houses to build and gained national distinction for its is on the south elevation to therefore to buy, but this premium environmental management. maximise light and heat gain. is counter-balanced by cheaper To save on electricity use, low running costs and more durable For further information: energy lighting, grade A electrical materials. The environmental Contact: Chief Executive, appliances and a central vacuuming aspects of the houses in terms of Gusto Homes system are used throughout. insulation, materials, glass and Tel: 01636 893 777 Integrated flat plate solar panels layout are used as a “unique selling www.gustohomes.com
www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk 29
APPENDIX I EXTENDED CASE STUDIES
JUBILEE CAMPUS, UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM
work began in 1997 and where pos- low energy lighting and sensors. sible existing resources were retained, such as spoil and demolition It is estimated that these buildings materials which were used to shape at Jubilee Campus are 60% more the landscape. Innovative materials efficient than the older buildings and new technologies were used to at the University Park campus. develop highly efficient ventilation, heating, cooling and lighting systems For further information: for the complex. Contact: Tim Brooksbank, Development Director, In 1998, the University was successful Estates Office in obtaining an EU ‘Thermie’ grant. Tel: 0115 951 3610 The Jubilee Campus represents a optimum use of an existing This enabled it to develop and use E: [email protected] major expansion of the mature tree belt and promoting advanced systems to come closer to Design Team for Project: University of Nottingham on the nature conservation, whilst achieving its goal of running a Hopkins & Partners, Arup & Partners. former Raleigh site (some 12.14 providing high quality working ‘zero-energy’ campus. Wind cowls Construction by: Bovis Midlands hectares) in Radford. Opening in facilities for teaching and research. were added to the air outlets to October 1999 and costing approx. The campus buildings are arranged improve the draw-through of £50 million, the campus houses along the edge of a man-made lake exhaust air. The majority of roofs three faculties as well as three with the distinctively shaped incorporate both ‘green roof’ tech- halls of residence (accommodating Learning Resource Centre located nology and photovoltaic panels 750 students), catering facilities, on an island platform. (some 450 sq. metres in total). lecture rooms and a Learning These panels produce enough Resource Centre. Each of the faculty buildings consists energy each year to drive the of three-storey wings connected at ventilation fans for the buildings. An exacting environmental brief the rear with a stair tower; they are Modifications were also made to for the project was developed by linked by full height glass atriums improve daylight penetration, the University. This required making and clad with cedar. The building through the use of light pipes,
SHERWOOD ENERGY VILLAGE
The Sherwood Energy Village (SEV) After acquiring the site and raising comfort, safety, sense of place and pioneered the UK’s largest sustainable is located on a 91 acre former funds for new infrastructure and community. It is keen to source urban drainage scheme (SUDS) - colliery site at Ollerton. It is a marketing, land reclamation was appropriate materials, promote where engineered swales conserve major sustainable regeneration undertaken in 2000. From the biodiversity, address waste and treat surface water run-off. initiative and by 2004 has reached outset, after decades of a harsh streams and employ renewable an early implementation stage. coal mine dominated landscape, technologies – where energy use Private developers have the emphasis has been on a clean cannot be designed out. It has enthusiastically embraced the The initiative started in 1994, on environment and high energy the day that the colliery closure performance in the design of new was announced, and the local buildings. The transformation is community was consulted about already well underway and will what they wanted to see built on feature some 185 dwellings, the site. An Industrial and comprising eleven different housing Provident society was set up in types, together with industrial 1996 ensuring that the SEV units, prestige offices, and leisure organisation is democratically uses all surrounding a central park. run through its share-owning membership and is committed to SEV’s design principles are based applying its profits for community not only maximising energy benefit. efficiency but also on design for
30 Sustainable Developer Guide for Notts (2004)
higher environmental standards Construction Pilot Project’ involving place, in orientation and profiling promoted by SEV. For example, 6 speculatively built industrial against prevailing winds. Each an architectural practice has built units (see picture), with natural householder moving to the Energy its own head offices, which will light from skylights and such high Village will receive a SEV Guide to use ground source heat pumps levels of insulation that they can help with life-style choices for for both heating and cooling, and be heated from an ordinary sustainable living. has plans for expansion. domestic boiler. For further information: More recently Centre Parcs has The proposed mix of eleven housing Contact: Carla Jamison selected the village for its own new types has attracted much attention, Manager & HQ building. East Midlands (ranging from apartments to Company Director Development Agency (emda) has earth-sheltered dwellings). Care Tel: 01623 860 222 invested in a ‘Sustainable will be taken in creating a sense of www.sherwoodenergyvillage.co.uk APPENDIX II USEFUL CONTACTS
This Appendix lists the key organisations which prospective developers in Nottinghamshire would be most likely to contact for information. These organisations will normally have been highlighted (by stronger shading) in the text of the topic chapters, and the Appendix provides more of an opportunity to outline their services in more detail. Free assistance is available from several Government supported Programmes offering comprehensive, impartial services including publications, tailored advice and help lines. Contact and other details appear here. Other than specific publications referred to within this Guide (see also Appendix III), it is advisable to request an up to date publications list to see exactly what is available from each organisation / programme. Please bear in mind that some of these programmes are large, complex and may involve several contractors; be prepared to exercise pragmatism, patience and perseverance!
A - KEY ORGANISATIONS
Action Energy Building Research Establishment The Building Services Research and Commission for Architecture and www.actionenergy.org.uk (BRE) Information Association (BSRIA) the Built Environment (CABE) Managed by the Carbon Trust, this is http://www.bre.co.uk/ www.bsria.co.uk www.cabe.org.uk/ the main energy efficiency programme BRE run several programmes on behalf BSRIA offers environmental Rules of CABE is a new champion for architecture for the UK, aiming to help businesses of Government and its agencies. The Thumb, a technical note providing in England. Its function is to promote and public sector organisations reduce ‘Centre for Sustainable Construction’ guidance for assessing and addressing high standards in the design of energy costs. Services offered include: programme provides expertise that the environmental consequences of buildings and the spaces between a free information and advice help can be used to help reduce the building projects throughout the UK. them. It can offer advice to all those line; free site visits to assess overall environmental impact and associated who create, manage and use the energy use and help identify ways of costs spanning the whole life cycle of Old Bracknell Lane West, built environment. saving energy; free initial consultation a building. BRE provides practical Bracknell, Berkshire, RG12 7AH on design advice offering advice on guidance in relation to materials Tel: 01344 426 511 The Tower Building, 11 York Road, energy efficient and environmentally specification, construction and Fax: 01344 487 575 London SE1 7NX sound building design. The Programme management. E: [email protected] Tel: 0207 960 2400 has one of the most comprehensive Fax: 0207 960 2444 libraries of free publications covering Bucknalls Lane, Garston, British Standards Institution (BSI) E: [email protected] all aspects of energy efficiency including Watford, WD25 9XX www.bsi-global.com transport. Tel: 01923 664000 Develops standards and applies inno- Fax: 01923 664010 vative standardisation solutions to Building 329, Harwell, E: [email protected] meet the needs of business and society. Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QJ 389 Chiswick High Road Tel: 0800 585 794 London W4 4AL Tel: 0208 996 9000 www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk 31
APPENDIX II USEFUL CONTACTS
A - KEY ORGANISATIONS cont . . .
Construction Industry Research and English Heritage National Society for Clean Air (NSCA) Office of the Deputy Prime Minister Information Association (CIRIA) http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/ www.nsca.org.uk (OPDM) www.ciria.org.uk/ The Government’s statutory adviser on NSCA’s promotes clean air and www.odpm.gov.uk Research association concerned with archaeology and the management of environmental protection generally Brings together key responsibilities for improving the performance of all the historic environment in England. through the reduction of air, water, regional and local government, fire, involved with construction and the noise and land pollution, and housing, planning and regeneration. environment. CIRIA encourages the East Midlands Region addresses other contaminants affecting The Office works across government application and improvement of best 44 Derngate, Northampton NN1 1UH environmental quality. The society and in partnership with others to build practice through its networks, including Tel: 01604 735400 examines environmental policy issues thriving, inclusive and sustainable the Construction Industry National office: and aims to place them in a broader communities in all regions. Environmental Forum (CIEF) which Tel: 0870 333 1181 social and economic context. It produces (see Useful Publications) aims to improve the environmental Fax: 01793 414926 guidance notes on national planning and sustainability performance of all E: [email protected] 44 Grand Parade, policy (PPGs). those interested in construction. Brighton, BN2 9QA Tel: 01273 878770 Eland House, Bressenden Place, 6 Storey’s Gate, London SW1P 3AU English Nature Fax: 01273 606626 London, SW1E 5DU Tel: 020 7222 8891 www.english-nature.org.uk E: [email protected] Tel: 020 7944 4400 Fax: 020 7222 1708 English Nature is the Government Fax: 020 7944 6589 E: [email protected] funded body whose purpose is to E: [email protected] promote the conservation of England’s Nottinghamshire Biological and wildlife and natural features. Geological Record Centre Countryside Agency www.nbgrc.org.uk Rethinking Construction www.countryside.gov.uk Northminster House, Peterborough, The centre holds information about www.rethinkingconstruction.org.uk A government agency which promotes Cambridgeshire PE1 1UA the county’s plants, animals and An umbrella organisation for researching sustainable countryside management, Tel: 01733 455101 geology which is useful for a variety of and demonstrating sustainable building high standards of rural services and a Fax: 01733 455103 purposes, including land use planning, solutions. community renewables scheme, and E: [email protected] land management and education. works to improve the quality of life in 108 – 110 Judd Street, the countryside for everyone. Nottingham Natural History Museum, London, WC1H 9PX Environment Agency (EA) Wollaton Hall, Tel: 020 7691 0220 London Office, Dacre House, www.environment-agency.gov.uk/ Nottingham NG8 2AE Fax: 020 7813 3060 19 Dacre Street, London, SW1H 0DH The Environment Agency is the leading Tel: 0115 915 3909 Tel: 020 7340 2900 public body for protecting and improving Fax: 0115 915 3932 Fax: 020 7340 2911 the environment in England and E: [email protected] Royal Town Planning Institute (RTPI) E: [email protected] Wales. The EA’s job is to make sure that or [email protected] www.rtpi.org.uk/ air, land and water are looked after by The RTPI exists to advance the science everyone in today’s society, so that and art of town planning for the benefit Department for Transport tomorrow’s generations inherit a Nottinghamshire Building Preser of the public. www.local-transport.dft.gov.uk/ cleaner, healthier world. The EA’s work vation Trust included tackling flooding and pollution www.heritage.co.uk (for building 41 Botolph Lane, London EC3R 8DL Department of Trade and Industry incidents, reducing industry’s impacts preservation trusts nation-wide) Tel: 020 7929 9494 www.dti.org.uk on their environment, cleaning up Works actively to protect and restore Fax: 020 7929 9490 For information about energy policy rivers, coastal waters and contaminated buildings at risk in the county. E: [email protected] development and renewables under land, and improving wildlife habitats. ‘It’s Only Natural’. Provides advice on sustainable 2 Priory Road, West Bridgford, drainage, water conservation and Nottingham, NG2 5HU The National Trust Energy Savings Trust (EST) management, planning issues, nature Tel: 0115 981 9622 http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk www.est.org.uk/ conservation and waste management. Concerned about the impact of Government funded trust to promote uncontrolled development and efficient use of energy. It runs several Lower Trent Area; Nottinghamshire Wildlife Trust industrialisation; Guardian for the programmes (e.g to promote energy Trentside Offices, Scarrington Road, www.wildlifetrust.org.uk/nottinghamshire nation in the acquisition and protection efficient products) has a network of advice West Bridgford, Nottingham, Part of a national network of 46 of threatened coastline, countryside centres and offers free publications. Nottinghamshire, NG2 5FA Wildlife Trusts of more than 150 Urban and buildings. Tel: 0115 9455722 Wildlife Groups and of Wildlife Watch The Energy Saving Trust, (junior branch), whose HQ is in Newark Clumber Park, Stableyard, Worksop, 21 Dartmouth Street, Nottinghamshire, S80 3BE London. SW1H 9BP Tel: 0115 958 8242 Tel: 01909 486411 Tel: 020 7222 0101 Fax: 01909 486377 Fax: 020 7654 2444 E: [email protected] E: [email protected]
32 Sustainable Developer Guide for Notts (2004) APPENDIX II USEFUL CONTACTS
The Royal Institution of Chartered Urban Design Alliance (UDAL) Waste Watch World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Surveyors (RICS) www.udal.org.uk www.wastewatch.org.uk www.wwf.org.uk www.rics.org/ A group of leading professional and A national organisation committed to The world’s largest and most experienced One of the most respected and high campaigning bodies. It promotes encouraging action in the community independent conservation organisation. profile global ‘standards and membership’ awareness of how urban design can and the 3 Rs - reduction, reuse and Sponsor of a ‘One Million Sustainable organisations for professionals involved help make healthier, more sustainable, recycling. It produces the ‘UK Recycled Homes’ campaign. in land valuation, real estate, construction and safer towns and cities. The goal is Products Guide’, has developed an and environmental issues. a radical improvement of the quality associated Buy Recycled web site and a WWF/UK, Panda House, Weyside Park, of urban life. ‘Wasteline” Godalming, Surrey. GU7 1XR East Midlands Regional Office, Tel: 0870 2430136 Tel: 01483 42644 34 Millgate, Newark, 70 Cowcross Street, (a free telephone information line) Nottinghamshire, NG24 4TS London EC1M 6EJ or 020 7089 2100 Tel: 01636 703480 Tel: 020 7251 5529 Fax: 01636 707424 Fax: 020 7251 5529 E: [email protected] E: [email protected]
Royal Institute of British Architects UK Climate Impacts Programme www.architecture.com (UKCIP) The main body representing architects www.ukcip.org.uk and promoting good architecture The UK Climate Impacts Programme whose extensive built environment helps organisations assess how they portal contains useful sections on might be affected by climate change, research and development, building so they can prepare for its impact design publications and on employing For information on climate change and an architect. predicted future weather patterns.
66 Portland Place, Union House, 12-16 St Michael’s Street, London W1B 1AD Oxford OX1 2DU Tel: 0207 580 5533 Tel: 01865 432076 Fax: 0207 255 1541 Fax: 01865 432077 E: [email protected] E: [email protected]
B - LOCAL PLANNING AUTHORITIES
Nottinghamshire County Council Bassetlaw District Council Mansfield District Council LPA Responsibilities Planning Team Department of Planning Services, Department of Planning Strategic and local planning functions Culture and Community Department, Queen’s Buildings, and Building Control, are split between the County Council County Hall, West Bridgford, Potter Street, Civic Centre, and the various District Councils. The Nottingham, NG2 7QP Worksop, Chesterfield Road South, County Council is responsible for Tel: 0115 977 4545 Nottinghamshire, S80 2AH Mansfield, preparing the Joint Structure Plan plus For Transport, Waste, Conservation etc: Tel: 01909 533 337 Nottinghamshire, NG19 7BH the Minerals and Waste Local Plans, Environment Department, Tel: 01623 463 204 and also for development control Trent Bridge House, Broxtowe Borough Council issues relating to minerals, waste and Fox Road, West Bridgford, Directorate of Planning Newark and Sherwood District the Council’s own development (e.g. Nottingham, NG2 6BJ and Development, Council schools, libraries). Tel: 0115 977 4200 or 3368 Council Offices, Planning Services Department District Councils prepare local plans for Foster Avenue, Beeston, Kelham Hall, Newark, their own areas and have development Nottingham City Council Nottingham, NG9 1AB Nottinghamshire, NG23 5QX and building control responsibilities Directorate of Development, Tel: 0115 917 7777 Tel: 01636 655 888 for all other types of development such Exchange Buildings North, as housing and office development. Smithy Row, Gedling Borough Council Rushcliffe Borough Council Nottingham City Council, as a unitary Nottingham, NG1 2BS Directorate of Development Borough Development Service authority, combines all these func- Tel: 0115 915 5208 and Environment, Civic Centre, Pavilion Road, tions, working jointly with the County Civic Centre, West Bridgford, Council on strategic planning matters. Ashfield District Council Arnot Hill Park, Arnold, Nottingham, NG2 5FE Technical Services Department Nottingham, NG5 6LU Tel: 0115 981 9911 Urban Road, Tel: 0115 901 3901 Kirkby in Ashfield, NG17 8DA Tel: 01623 450 000 www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk 33 APPENDIX III USEFUL PUBLICATIONS
By Design: Urban Design in the Planning Policy Guidance Notes Constructing for Sustainability: A Planning System: Towards Better (1994-2001) Basic Guide for Clients and their Practice especially PPG1, PPG3, PPG6, PPG13 Professional Advisors DETR/ CABE Access via Construction Industry Council Thomas Telford, London (2000) www.planning.opdm.gov.uk/ppg Tel: 0207 6378692 (state no.)/index.htm Available from the Stationery Office Building Regulations Action Energy (Energy Efficiency and/or OPDM Publications Distribution Stationery Office for ODPM (regularly Best Practice Programme) Centre (Tel 0870 1226236) updated) Various Publications. N.B. As at 2004, these notes are in the Available online and from Publications Tel:0800 585 794 for Helpline. process of being updated. Distribution Centre. Tel: 0870 1226236
Sustainable Settlements: a Guide for The Green Guide to Specification Planners, Designers and Developers. J. Anderson, D Shiers & M. Sinclair Regional Planning Guidance for the H. Barton ,G.Davis,R.Guise Blackwell Publishing (2002) East Midlands (RPG8) University of the West of England and Available from Government Office for LGMB (1995) the East Midlands. Demonstrations of Sustainability 2002 - Revised draft 2003 and Panel B. DeGeer, J. Ford, S.Innes & H.Sargant Report Beddington Zero Energy Rethinking Construction/BRE (Centre Tel: 0115 971 9971 Development - Construction for Sustainable Construction) (2003) Materials Report (Toolkit for Carbon Neutral Development) Creating a Low Carbon Economy BioRegional Development Group Good Wood Guide (Energy White Paper) (2002) FOE Publications (2003) Also Annual Report (2004) on Implementation. DTI Publications. Planning for Passive Solar Design Shaping Neighbourhoods: A Guide Tel: 0870 1502500 BRECSU for DTI and DETR (1999) for Health, Sustainability and Vitality H. Barton, M. Grant and R. Guise Green Building Handbook, Volumes Spon Press (2003) 1 & 2 T Woolley, S Kimmings, et al R&FN Spon (1997) Urban Design Compendium Llewellyn Davies English Partnerships and the Housing Sustainable Housing Schemes in Corporation (2002) the UK Hockerton Housing Project HHP Publications (2002) Building a Better Quality of Life: A Strategy for more Sustainable Construction A Sustainability Checklist for DTI (2000) Developments Tel: 0870 1502500 D. Brownhill, S. Rao CRC Ltd for BRE/DTLR (2002) A Better Quality of Life – UK Strategy for Sustainable Development Cmd.4345. The Stationery Office Planning for Sustainable Construction and Development S. Charter (2001) Sustainable Communities: Building Sustainable Building Design for the Future J. Shore (2000) Government’s Strategy for Building Both available from Somerset Trust for Sustainable Communities. Sustainable Development ODPM (2003) Tel: 01458 259400
34 Sustainable Developer Guide for Notts (2004) APPENDIX IV GLOSSARY
Atrium Desire routes/ lines ISO 14001 Sustainable Building An enclosed glazed space, normally in Shortest-line routes between a place of The international standard for environ- Buildings that are designed and the middle of buildings of 3 storeys or origin (eg public building) and one or mental management. constructed to the highest environ- more, which allows light into the cen- several destinations. mental standards, (especially in tre and traps heat. Listed Buildings order to minimise the use of energy, Buildings or structures of special archi- water and scarce minerals/timber), District Heating tectural or historic interest that are that are economic to run over their Autonomous Housing Heating systems which distribute steam included on a list, approved by the whole lifetime and are sufficiently flex- Dwellings which allow a more self-suf- or hot water to a number of buildings Secretary of State, giving key details of ible to meet the needs of future gen- ficient lifestyle because they can func- across a district. Heat can be provided each building. They require special erations. tion independently of public from variety of sources, including geot- consent for any proposals for their water/drainage and utility systems. hermal, CHP plants, waste heat from alteration, extension or demolition. Swale industry and purpose built heating A grass covered, broad and shallow plants. depression which leads water overland Balancing Pond Passive Solar Gain/ Heating from drained surfaces to a storage or Water storage area used to prevent Natural heating that results from the discharge system. They provide tempo- flooding from surface water drainage Embodied Energy sun’s heat penetrating a building (main- rary storage for storm water and reduce that allows a gradual release into adja- Amount of energy consumed in the ly via windows) and being trapped peak flows. cent water courses. extraction, manufacture, transport, within. construction and assembly on site of building materials. It will also include Thermal Mass Biomass the energy costs of disposal of waste or Payback Refers to the solid part of a building, Forestry and agricultural residues surplus materials. The time period required for savings in such as block or brickwork, in which and crops (such as willow) which are energy or water bills to outstrip the heat energy, from the sun or other used as a fuel to produce electricity initial financial investment in building sources, is absorbed, stored and then and heat. Fossil Fuels improvements. gradually given off. Fuels formed from animal or plant remains that become fossilised or Brownfield Site trapped in geological strata, chiefly Photovoltaic Cells/ Arrays (PV) PROJECT PARTNERS Previously developed land that is or coal, oil and natural gas. Solar panels that produce electricity was occupied by a permanent structure from light, rather than heat - and thus Bassetlaw District Council (non-agricultural use) and its associated work even if the sun is not shining. fixed surface infrastructure. Geothermal ‘Photo’ refers to light, and ‘voltaic’ Broxtowe Borough Council Energy derived from naturally occur- means they turn it into volts, that is, Gedling Borough Council ring underground heat, usually recov- electricity. Co-generation ered by use of a heat pump or by tap- Mansfield District Council The production of electricity using waste ping heated water. Newark & Sherwood District Council heat or steam from industrial processes. Renewable Energy The transfer of heat and/or the Newark & Sherwood Energy Agency Grey Water generation of electricity from naturally Nottingham City Council Combined Heat & Power (CHP) Water consumed within buildings, occurring, self-renewing sources such A system which utilises waste heat except water from toilets, that is stored as wind, sun and water. Rushcliffe Borough Council from electricity production to provide and reused for other purposes e.g. gar- Nottinghamshire County Council hot water and space heating for neigh- den irrigation. bouring buildings. Secondary Glazing Environment Agency (Lower-Trent) An independent system of glazing fitted Home Zone to the inner window frame. The gap The Guide is accessible from: Condensing Boiler A street or group of streets designed or between the outer and inner window www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk A high efficiency boiler which incorpo- converted to suit the needs of pedestri- determines the level of insulation, so rates an extra heat exchanger so that hot ans and cyclists rather than motorists, that larger gaps give better insulation, exhaust gases can pre-heat the water in which can open up the street for more notably for noise. the boiler system. social/leisure uses.
Solar Panels For those readers Cowl Insulation Panels, usually installed on roofs, who require a copy A cone shaped cap, commonly turning The filling or cladding of walls and other which use the sun’s energy directly to with the wind, used to improve the external/unprotected areas of buildings heat water, without using electricity. of the Guide in a draft of a chimney, ventilation shaft such as roof spaces to prevent loss of heat larger format: etc. through draughts. Tel: 0115 977 4849
www.sdg-nottinghamshire.org.uk 335