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RESEARCH AND EDUCATION SYSTEM OF FISHING TECHNOLOGY IN

Daniel R. ~onintja*

Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Bogor Agricultural University, INDONESIA

The Indonesian Archipelago Nation is composed by 17,508 islands scattering in a vast water area of about 5.8 x lo6 square km. The marine water area is estimated to have a potential maximum sustainable yield of 6.2 million metric tons, and yet has not been optimally utilized. Starting with a poor statistic record in 1960, the total national fisheries produdion was reported only about 756,765 metric tons, 410,043 tons of it was from marine mpture fisheries. In 1997 the yield were indto 4,579,766 ton, where the marine capture fisheries contribution was 3,612,961 tons. The fisheries higher was started in 1960 as indicated by the opening of a Department of Marine Fisheries at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Bogor. enrolled by 25 students. By now, there are already 16 state universities and 29 private universities offering the fisheries cumculum. It is assumed that proper research activities on fishing technology was just started in 1970's where the graduates of fisheries higher education started pIaying significant role in Indonesian fisheries institutions. The development of trawl fisheries, purse seine, trammel nets, longline perhaps could be claimed as the pduaof the development research &ivities. Most research activities were carried out by the Marine Fisheries Research Institute at Jakarta, Fishing Development Institute at Semamg, and the universities, such as the Bogor Agricultural University in West , Diponegom University in Central Java, Brawijaya University in East Java, Riau University in the Province of Riiu, Hasanuddin Univemity in Suth , University in , Pattimura University in Maluku, Jambung Mangkurat University in South Kalirnantan and others. Action researches are often sponsored by the Directorate General of Fisheries, contracted to the universities, private consultants or study centres. The current development of Graduate Programs for Master and Doctoral degree and their research activities in the universities are reviewed, emphasizing the program offered by Bogor Agricultural University. It is worth mentioning the role of co-operation between the Tokyo University of Fisheries and the Bogor Agriarltural University on the fishing technology research and education development. The needs for further national and regional co- operation &tween the fishing technologists are discussed.

Inlroductioo As an archipelagic nation, Indonesia is commd by The country is situated within the Iongitude of 90" E to five major islands, i.e. Sumatera, Java, , 140" E and latitude of P N to 5 O S, with and east-- Sulawesi and lrian Jaya, and more than 17.500 small spread of 5,100 krn and north-south spread of 1,800 km. islands, spread along a vast area of hut7,000,000 square The coastline of the hlands is estimated to be 82,600 km in krn. A total area of 5,g00,000 square km is estimated as total. The total population of the country is &mated at under the Indonesian jurisdiction, cclmposd by Territorial hut 200 million in 1947. Among tho%, 2,087,803 are Waters, Archiptlagic Waters and Eoonomic Exclusive Zone fishers. waters (hble 1).

Table 1. lndonsian Waters Tbe Id~iaafibries The Indonesian fisheries activitia can be traced back to Water Catqgory 1 Waterarea 1960 since the national statistic mrd was officially Territorial Waters I 0.3 x 10' ~m' provided. The total hhcrics produdon that ycar was Archipelagic Waters 2.8 x lo6 ~m* reporttd only ai about 756,765 mettic ton$ and 410,W EEZ Wattrs 2.7 x 1@ ~m' ton out of it was fbrn marine apture hhcriwr (Table 2). Open Waters 14 x lo6 ICm2 The landings from marine fishing shector were Source: Diroclpretc General of FMcs1995 indto 3,612,961 metric tons in 1997, which is abut

Email : [email protected] KEYWORDS : Indonesia, Fishing Technology, R~hlEducationSystem, Catch Statistics, Gear typ