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Home , New Synagogue (Berlin), Petar Mladenov, Philip Dimitrov, Todor Zhivkov

The Havighurst Center for Russian & Post-Soviet Studies Fall 2009 Newsletter

IN THIS ISSUE

Director’s Letter Memories of 1989 Upcoming Events Student Travels Fall Classes Study Abroad Building the Wall Spring Classes Campus News Funding Opportunities Director’s Message It was 6:00p.m. on November 9, 1989. I was driving home on the Capital Beltway in Washington, DC, when I heard that the Wall had fallen and East Germans were flooding into the West.

I was shaking so hard I had to pull over to the side of the road, sitting in jubilation and shock at this wonderful news.

I thought it would never happen. I was convinced that neither the nor the British and French, nor the Russians would allow the wall to be breached. All had their own interests uppermost in mind.

What was my evidence for this? I had heard former Secretary of State Zbigniew Brzezinski push a European group to think about the positive consequences for Europe if it were reunited. But the British and French members of the group had resisted even discussing any change in the division of Europe.

In the United States, I had worked for two years at the State Department when Gorbachev came to power and, until forced the bureaucracy to rethink their assessment of Gorbachev, his initiatives of and were treated as PR campaigns designed to weaken the West.

A book I published in 1988, one year before the fall of the Wall, was reviewed by The Economist in London, which stated that “[c]ontrary to the impression sometimes left by this book, Europe, West and East, is not striving to unify itself.”

But nothing could have been further from the truth. Contrary to the interests of elites in all these countries, the people of Eastern Europe took step-by- step measures to undermine and de-legitimize the socialist system.

Nevertheless, in thinking back about 1989, I recall it indeed as a moment of the ‘incredible lightness of being.’ Ordinary people, including poets, playwrights, artists, workers, rock musicians, and most of all students, had enormous agency. They really did change the course of history. And in completely non- violent ways.

This semester, the Havighurst Center will celebrate this wonderful moment in history. There will be special classes, lectures, musical events, the building (and inevitable tearing down) of a wall, and a trip to Berlin over Thanksgiving week. We invite you to participate. Go to our website and our Facebook page for the continual updates. We welcome your ideas, energy and contribution.

-Karen Dawisha UPCOMING EVENTS September 15 Boris Kargarlitsky, Institute of Global Studies Russia Since the Fall of 5:00pm, Harrison Hall 204 co-sponsored with the Department of Classics, GREAL, Political Science, and International Programs September 16-December 9 Film Screenings: Cultures and Identities of Eastern Europe Wednesdays, 5:30pm, Irvin Hall 40 see complete schedule on page 5 September 28-December 7 Havighurst Colloquia: Politics, Society and Culture in East Europe since 1989 Mondays, 12:20pm, Harrison Hall 209 See complete schedule on page 6 October 5-8 Film Series: Revisiting 1989--Recent Romanian Cinema 7:00pm, Harrison Hall 012 sponsored by Film Studies See complete schedule on page 7 October 19 Havighurst Annual Lecture , former Prime Minister of First Steps of the Post-Communist Transition - Logic and Myths Harrison Hall 204, 4:00pm October 26 Yuri Andrukhovych, Ukrainian Novelist/Poet My Ultimate Territory: A Writer Reflects about East Central Europe Hall Auditorium, Green Room, 2:15pm October 29-31 Young Researchers Conference: 1989--Then and Now See complete schedule on page 11 *Thursday, October 29, Keynote Lecture: Valerie Bunce, Cornell University, The Lesson of 1989: Democracy, Dictatorship and Diffusion Harrison Hall 111, 5:00pm *Friday, October 30, Keynote Lecture: Dominic Boyer, Rice University Was 1989 an Extinction Event? Rethinking the Juncture of Late and Late in Europe 3:00-5:00, Irvin Hall 40 *Friday, October 30-Saturday, October 31, Conference Panels Miami Inn, A/B Room 2 UPCOMING EVENTS continued... November 9 Josef Joffe, publisher of Die Zeit Twenty Years Later: Which Way Did the Wall Fall? 12:30pm, MacMillan Hall 212 November 19-28 Study Tour of Berlin See details on page 19

Tuesday, December 1 Havighurst Center Annual Open House Celebrating the career of political science professor emeritus Dan Jacobs: 50 years of teaching at Miami. Harrison Hall 116, 5:00-7:00pm All are invited to come join us for regional holiday food and cheer! co-sponsored with the Department of Political Science

December 1 Miami Symphony Orchestra Freedom & Joy: Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Fall of the Hall Auditorium, 7:30pm Also of Interest: Faculty Learning Community: An Energy-based Curriculum Cross-disciplinary collaborations between many scientific areas, including applied research and social science, are needed for successful introduction of new energy supply and end-use technologies necessary to combat the unprecedented challenge of supporting human growth and progress while protecting global and local environments. -Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, November 2007 Energy is at the core of Ohio’s economic and environmental health: energy built our past, energy sustains our present, and energy holds the promise of an even brighter future. - Ohio Governor Ted Strickland, May 2007 The above quotes emphasize the global, regional, and local dimensions of energy that permeate modern society. Our global society is at a crossroads of energy policy and decisions that will shape the future sustainability of natural, economic, and political systems. Today’s students will be the scientists, engineers, and policymakers of our energy future. This year, a new faculty learning community will begin to answer this challenge by developing An Energy-Based Curriculum that will promote interdisciplinary education and scholarship on energy solutions with the goals of promoting sustainable development, geopolitical security, economic growth, and sound environmental practices. This FLC will provide a year-long forum to explore and develop a curriculum that has a focus on energy and sustainability across disciplines. Participants will engage in seminars and discussions and work in teams to develop this new curriculum and to prepare grant proposals aimed at funding curricular and programmatic initiatives. 3 FALL 2009 CLASSES

ATH/HST/POL/REL/RUS 254 POL 471 Introduction to Russian & Eurasian Gorbachev & the End of the Studies 2:00pm-4:50pm, R MCG 311 2:15pm-3:30pm TR UPH 249 Dawisha, Karen Norris, Stephen REL 180A ATH 306 Religion & Russian Culture Peoples and Cultures of Russia 11:15am-12:30pm TR OMN 110 9:30am-10:45am WF SHD 229 Note: Honors Program Klumbyte, Neringa Kenworthy, Scott

ATH 384 RUS 101 A Anthropology of : Russia Beginners Russian 12:45pm-2:00pm, WF UPH 160 11:15am-12:20pm MWF MCG 416 Klumbyte, Neringa Sutcliffe, Benjamin

FST/RUS 272 RUS 101 B East European Literature & Film Beginners Russian 2:15pm-3:05pm MWF and 2:15pm-3:20pm MWF IRV 046 5:30-8:00pm W IRV 120 Sutcliffe, Benjamin Chernetsky, Vitaly RUS 201 HST 428/528 Intermediate Russian Russia’s War and Peace 10:10am-11:00am MWF MCG 416 11:15am-12:30pm TR UPH 262 Chernetsky, Vitaly Norris, Stephen RUS 256 ITS 402O Russian Literature: Tolstoy-Nabokov Transition to Democracy 9:05am-9:55am MWF BEN 115 12:45pm-3:25pm R MCG 317 Sutcliffe, Benjamin Sharafutdinova, Gulnaz RUS 301 POL 331 Advanced Russian Development of the Soviet Polity 11:15am-12:05pm MWF MCG 224 9:30am-10:45am WF HRN 313 Ziolkowski, Margaret Ganev, Venelin RUS 411 POL 440/540, HST 436/536 Advanced Conversation, Composition, Havighurst Seminar: Politics, Society, and Reading and Culture in East Europe Since 1989 12:45pm-1:35pm MWF IRV 224 12:20pm-2:00pm M HRN 209 Chernetsky, Vitaly Ganev, Venelin

4 Film Screenings in conjunction with the course RUS/FST 272

CULTURES AND IDENTITIES OF EASTERN EUROPE: AN INTRODUCTION THROUGH LITERATURE AND FILM

Wednesdays, 5:30 P.M. 40 Irvin Hall

Sept. 16 The Pianist (Poland//USA, 2002)

Sept. 23 Fateless (Hungary, 2005)

Sept. 30 Closely Watched Trains (, 1966)

Oct. 7 Ashes and Diamonds (Poland, 1958) 120 Irvin Hall

Oct. 14 When Father Was Away on Business (, 1985)

Oct. 21 Another Way (Hungary, 1982)

Oct. 28 Blind Chance (Poland, 1987)

Nov. 4 The Oak (Romania, 1992)

Nov. 11 Underground (Yugoslavia, 1995)

Nov. 18 Good-Bye, Lenin! (, 2003)

Dec. 2 Kolya (Czech Republic, 1996)

Dec. 9 Boys Don’t Cry (Poland, 2000)

The screenings are free, and everyone is welcome!

5 Havighurst Colloquia Series Politics, Society, and Culture in East Europe Since 1989 HST 436/536, POL 440/540, REL 470/570 Prof. Venelin Ganev, POL Mondays, 12:20-2:00, 209 Harrison Hall September 28 Karen Dawisha, Director, Havighurst Center, and Professor of Political Science, Miami University Gorbachev and Eastern Europe

October 19 Philip Dimitrov, former Prime Minister of Bulgaria, and Visiting Professor, Christopher Newport University How Did Zhivkov’s Regime Fall ? The Communists, the Dissidents and the Democrats

November 16 Padraic Kenney, Professor of History, Indiana University, Bloomington 1989 as a World Historical Moment

Nov. 30, Yawei Liu, Director of Program, The Carter Center The Impact of the Tiananmen Square Incident on China’s Quest for

December 7 Ron Linden, Professor of Political Science, University of Pittsburgh The Meaning & Consequences of 1989

6 Revisiting 1989: Recent Romanian Cinema Film series organized by Stephen Norris, Director of Film Studies and Oana Godeanu, American Studies

All films will be in Harrison 012 at 7:00pm October 5-8, 2009

Monday, October 5 12:08 East of Bucharest (A fost sau n-a fost?). 2006, Corneliu Porumboiu, 89 min. Winner of the Camera d’or, 2006 Cannes Film Festival Sixteen years after the 1989 and just days before Christmas, a local television station in Bucharest has invited several guests to relive their moments of glory, when they allegedly stormed city hall, chanting “down with Ceauşescu!,” before Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu, and his wife fled the presidential palace. Tuesday, October 6 The Way I Spent the End of the World (Cum mi-am petrecut sfarsitul lumii). 2006, Catalin Mitulescu, 106 min. Winner, Best Actress (Doroteea Petre), 2006 Cannes Film Festival Bucharest 1989 – the last year of Ceauşescu’s dictatorship. Eva, 17, lives with her parents and her 7 year-old brother Lalalilu. One day at school, Eva and her boy- friend accidentally break a bust of Ceauşescu. Eva is sent to a reformatory estab- lishment. There she meets Andrei and decides to escape Romania with him. Lalalilu is convinced that Ceauşescu is the main reason for Eva’s decision to leave. So he devises a plan to kill the dictator. Wednesday, October 7 The Paper Will be Blue (Hîrtia va fi albastrã). 2006, Radu Muntean, 92 min. During the night of December 22-23, 1989, mere hours after the fall of Communist dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu, a squad of confused men navigates the chaotic streets of Bucharest in this docudrama. Thursday, October 8 4 Months, 3 Weeks, and 2 Days (4 luni, 3 saptamâni si 2 zile). 2007, Cristian Mungiu, 113 min. Winner, Palme d’or, 2007 Cannes Film Festival; Best Film, 2007 European Film Awards (12 other wins and 18 other nominations worldwide) During the final days of communism in Romania, two roommates Otilia and Gabita are preparing for a night away. But rather than planning for a holiday, they are making arrangements for Gabita’s illegal abortion and unwittingly find themselves burrowing down a rabbit hole of unexpected revelations.

7 Resurrecting the Wall

Fourteen students are enrolled in an upper division Architecture studio, offered by professor Sergio Sanabria and sponsored by the Havighurst Center as part of its commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the . The students hope to produce an ongoing set of installations across Slant Walk in October and November of 2009 to serve as a backdrop, catalyst and agitprop activator for the Havighurst commemoration. The students will grapple with design exercises aimed at expressing provocatively, palpably and visually aspects of the historical memory and political impact of the Wall from well before its first construction in 1961 to its fall in 1989. They are expected to collaborate with Political Science students enrolled in a course on Eastern Europe Since 1989, taught by professor Venelin Ganev.

Temporary architecture is an ancient genre, and this studio will build a few dozen distinct modules connected together to form larger structures, perhaps evocative of the Wall, where both literal and metaphorical aspects of Cold War history can be displayed. Incorporating the momentous events of 1989 requires a telescoped compression of many events of the 20th century, and of ideological positions that coalesced as early as the 19th century. Exactly how a history of the Cold War will be incorporated into these exercises is not yet clear to the participating students, but Agitprop art, including messages, graphic presentations and graffiti allusive to the ones that once adorned the Berlin Wall should all be a fluidly changing part of the installations that will also have to respond actively and creatively to likely public defacements, as did the Wall itself in more sinister ways.

In keeping with current sustainable initiatives, the modular installations will be assembled with fasteners allowing reversible disassembly and reuse of all materials if possible. Thus as important as setting up will be the removal of the installation. Recyclability depends to a great extent on what materials are used and the designs adopted. Broad principles include: 1) acquiring materials with low VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and with some deference to LEED standards; 2) minimize cutting materials to sizes that will render what is left unusable for new projects; 3) require that all components be connected to each other reversibly, that is, their connections should not be glued or nailed, but screwed together, or attached using detachable connectors that can be reused.

For more information about the studio and the creation of the “Wall,” contact Professor Sanabria at [email protected].

8 CAMPUS NEWS CENTRAL EURASIAN STUDIES SOCIETY The Secretariat of the Central Eurasian Studies Society, entering its third year in its institutional home at Miami University, is looking ahead to continued growth and success. Preparations are in high gear for the Society’s 10th annual conference, hosted by the Centre for European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies at the Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto, October 8-11 (see www.cess.muohio.edu for details). A new feature of the program this year is a “presidential panel”: a roundtable discussion organized by President-Elect James Millward, a Xinjiang specialist, on the recent Urumqi riots. The Secretariat’s first graduate assistant at Miami, Audra Yoder (Russian History), has departed for Ph.D. studies at the University of North Carolina; in her place this fall we welcome Ph.D. student Stephen Hess (Political Science), whose research deals with China’s minorities, including the Uighurs of Xinjiang. Miami’s cooperation with CESS brings benefits to the campus community. In the spring of 2009, the Havighurst Center’s Central Eurasia-related program fund contributed to the costs of a visiting lecture on Kyrgyzstan history by Benjamin Loring, and a trip for a group of senior capstone students in History, led by CESS executive director Dan Prior, to an exhibition and private lecture on Afghanistan’s antiquities at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston.

FACULTY/STAFF NEWS Joshua First is a research fellow with the Havighurst Center for the 2009-10 academic year. He received his Ph.D. in History from the University of Michigan in 2008. His dissertation, “Scenes of Belonging: Cinema and the Nationality Question in Soviet Ukraine during the Long 1960s,” explores questions of national identity and multiculturalism in the after Stalin. First has also published articles in Kritika, Studies in Russian and Soviet Cinema, and Kinokultura on popular cinema and audience politics in the Soviet Union. Joshua is now working on an article about ethnographic discourse in Ukrainian “Poetic Cinema” during the 1960s, and adapting his dissertation for publication as a monograph.

9 CAMPUS NEWS continued... Faculty Publications

The Moscoviad (Paperback) by Yuri Andrukhovych (Author), trans. Vitaly Chernetsky (GREAL), Spuyten Duyvil Press (December 10, 2008) The literary dormitory at a Moscow University becomes a kind of Russian Grand Hotel, serving the last supper of the empire to a host of writers gathered from every corner of the continent, and beyond. Written by Yuri Andrukhovych, a leading Ukrainian author who will visit the Miami campus in October, this novel is translated by Miami’s own Vitaly Chernetsky, a native of Ukraine and assistant professor in GREAL.

The Prose of Life: Russian Women Writers from Khrushchev to Putin by Benjamin M. Sutcliffe (GREAL), University of Wisconsin Press (2009) Called “A significant contribution to Slavic women’s studies” by Natasha Kolchevska of the University of New , Sutcliffe’s The Prose of Life traces the development, and intriguing ruptures, of recent Russian women’s prose, becoming a must-read for readers interested in Russian literature and gender studies.

Russia and the Classics: Poetry’s Foreign Muse by Zara Torlone (Classics), Duckworth Publishing (2009) This study, the first in a new series, addresses the reception of classical antiquity in Russia as reflected in the writings of several significant twentieth-century poets: Innokentii Annenskii, Viacheslav Ivanov, Marina Tsvetaeva, Osip Mandelshtam and Joseph Brodsky.

10 The 9th Annual International Young Researchers Conference: 1989: Then and Now Organizer: Neringa Klumbyte, Anthropology Miami Inn, A/B Room

OCTOBER 29-31, 2009 Thursday, October 29 Keynote Lecture: Valerie Bunce, Cornell University The Lesson of 1989: Democracy, Dictatorship and Diffusion Harrison Hall 111, 5:00pm Friday, October 30 9:00-10:30am Panel 1: What was 1989? Igor Stiks, University of Edinburgh, “The Berlin Wall Crumbled Down Upon Our Heads!” 1989 and Violence in Socialist Multinational Federations Marko Grdesic, University of Wisconsin Madison, Do All Regimes Get the Critical Junctures They Deserve? Yugoslav Workers and Nationalists in 1989 11:00am-12:30pm Panel 2: Changing Histories of 1989 Mariya Chelova, Humboldt University, Making Sense of the History: How pre-Soviet Legacies Contributed to the Collapse of the USSR Nona Shakhnazaryan, Kuban Social and Economic Institute, Before and After 1989: National Ideologies, Survival Strategies and Gender Identity in the Political and Symbolic Contexts of Karabakh Movement Keynote Lecture: Dominic Boyer, Rice University Was 1989 an Extinction Event? Rethinking the Juncture of Late Socialism and Late Liberalism in Europe Irvin Hall 40, 3:00pm

Saturday, October 31 9:00-10:30am Panel 3: Nature, Nation, and the Demos of 1989 Sevan Beurki Beukian, University of Alberta, The Politicization and Revival of Nationalist Movements in the 1980s Soviet Union: a Glance at the Caucasus Region Eunice Blavascunas, University of Washington, Youthful Struggles and Time Lags in the Forested Belarusian/Polish Borderland 11:00am-12:30pm Panel 4: The Tiny and 1989 Anna Paretskaya, New School for Social Research, The Politics of Smallest Things: How the “Lazy, Cowardly, and Selfish” Changed the Soviet Union Gregory F. Domber, University of North Florida, Émigré Networks, the National Endowment for Democracy, and American Support to Solidarność 2:00-3:30pm Panel 5: The Future of 1989 Oana Godeanu, Miami University, Deconstructing Ostalgia - the National Past between Commodity and Simulacrum in Wolfgang Becker’s Goodbye Lenin! (2003) Artur Lipiński, Kazimierz Wielki University, The meanings of 1989: The Right Wing Discourse in Post-Communist Poland 11 Autumn of Nations Memories of the 1989 Revolutions

A revolutionary wave swept across Central and Eastern Europe in late 1989, ending in the overthrow of Soviet-style communist states. The , together with the subsequent collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, marked the end of the Cold War and the beginning of the Post-Cold War era.

Many current Miami University faculty came from those former communist countries and have vivid memories of events preceding and during this revolutionary period. We asked faculty to write down those memories for us and have included some of them here. They have been edited for space reasons, so be sure to visit our website for the unedited versions of their stories.

Bulgaria--Venelin Ganev...pg. 13

East Germany--Mila Ganeva...pg. 14

Poland--Dollar...pg. 15

Ukraine--Irina Goncharenko-Rose...pg. 16

We’ll also continue to add stories to our website, so if you have a memory of 1989, either as a resident or a visitor to these places, please share them with us by sending them to [email protected].

12 Memories of the 1989 Revolutions--Bulgaria Venelin Ganev, Associate Professor of Political Science I will never forget the exact moment when I learned that the Bulgarian communist dictator had been deposed. On Friday, , 1989 at around 2pm, I was reading the English translation of Max Weber’s “The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism” in the Bulgarian National Library, when a friend of mine approached me and asked me to step outside. There he told me what he had just heard from his father, a member of the Central Committee of the who was attending the special Party Plenum session that same morning. Just before the lunch break, the Plenum had “accepted the resignation” of General Secretary , and appointed foreign minister as his replacement. In other words, after more than 33 years in power, Zhivkov was out. To say that I was overwhelmed would be an understatement. For at least several minutes I was literally speechless. My eyes were glued to the floor – I can see the geometrical configuration of the floor tiles as I write now! – and I felt the kind of mental and emotional paralysis familiar to anyone who has been forced to suddenly digest incomprehensible, shattering news. Of course, the speechlessness and the paralysis were caused by bursting joy – simply put, the news appeared too good to be true. But, for several moments at least, sudden explosions of positive feelings were as incapacitating as any other massive emotional disturbance. Born in 1965, I had spent my entire life under Zhivkov’s regime, and the notion that at some point he might no longer be “there” was for me, and for most members of my generation, purely theoretical. Now his departure was a fact. A Bulgarian subplot was added to this great historical drama, 1989. And it took me some time to come to grips with this new reality. After a few minutes I recovered. Weber was duly abandoned, and I began my attempts to spread the news. At the beginning, these efforts were frustratingly unsuccessful. I tried to call my wife, but she had already left for work (as a teacher in the German Language School). Then I called my mother, who, upon hearing me talking about Zhivkov, bluntly told me: “These are not the kinds of things we can discuss over the phone; if you have anything to say about Zhivkov, come home.” For of her generation – one of her uncles was sentenced to death by the communists, and another one spent 10 years in a concentration camp – telephones were never “safe” and nothing could shake her belief that all conversations were monitored by the secret police. Discussing the fate of the General Secretary over the phone was exactly the kind of thing that could get you in trouble. Fortunately, I soon ran into one of my best friends, and was able to relieve myself of the enjoyable emotional burden: I shared the news with him, and after several minutes of jumping around and shouting – which pedestrians passing by must have attributed to the 13 continued on pg 21 Memories of the 1989 Revolutions--E. Berlin 1986-87 Mila Ganeva, Associate Professor of German

In my third year in college at University, Bulgaria, where I was majoring in German, I signed up to study abroad in Berlin for a year. In , the “capital of the German Democratic Republic,” as the city was referred to officially in all the paperwork. For Bulgarians, East Berlin was the closest to the West as we could get, and I seized the opportunity. Just as my students now often report upon returning from their own “junior year abroad,” I can say that this time in Berlin was one of the most memorable in my life--not only for personal reasons, but also because of the unique political moments I lived through. Our Bulgarian group of students arrived in Berlin in August 1986, each one of us with only about 100 GDR marks in their pocket, the maximum amount of currency we had been allowed to purchase in Bulgaria. From the train station we went straight to heart of the city, where we knew that the venerable Humboldt University was located, thinking that our dormitories would be nearby. On that Sunday the streets around the grayish 18th-century building were deserted and everything looked closed or desolate. No one was expecting us. A German student, Holger, who saw us walking around confused, took pity on us and decided to help and brought us to our dorms. They were in the “deep East” of the city, in a monstrous 14-story “modern” building made out of pre-fab concrete. This “gem” of socialist housing architecture of the early 1980s, set in the middle of a rather gray and depressing neighborhood, became our home for the year. Within a week of our arrival, we discovered the Bulgarian authorities did not plan to transfer our stipends until the end of September, when classes were supposed to start. Who had decided to send us so early to Berlin, and why, we did not know, but we realized that we had to find some source of income immediately. Holger came to the rescue again and suggested we could find occasional work at the various factories further East, in the area around Warschauer Strasse. At the personnel office, no one asked for work permits or IDs of any kind, they just assigned us to shifts for which they had a shortage of regular workers. There in the factories, next to representatives of the Berlin working class, we regularly saw Soviet soldiers, from the occupation forces, who also were working to earn some money. I was curious how they were allowed to do this. Were they earning the money for themselves? Were they doing it secretly or with the consent of their superiors in the military? These questions remained unanswered because the Russians kept fiercely to themselves and did not want to engage in any conversation, neither in Russian, nor in German. 14 continued on pg 22 Memories of the 1989 Revolutions--Poland Marek Dollar, Dean and Professor of Engineering Science, School of Engineering and Applied Science; Honorary Consul of the Republic of Poland in the U.S. (2004-present) When I came to the US from Poland and joined the faculty at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago, little did I know that in a few short months historical events would unfold in my home country which would lead to a profound change of the political landscape of the world. The year was 1988 and communism was in full swing throughout Eastern Europe. Though cracks in the system had begun to appear, the mere thought that communism would collapse in less than two years seemed insanely unrealistic. Many people believed that the ’s demise was inevitable but very few anticipated it would happen so quickly. When I was leaving Poland, the economic situation there was dramatic: living standards were deteriorating, and public anger and frustration were rising. The communist government decided to reach out to the leaders of the banned movement (Solidarność) – the movement they spent eight years trying to suppress. On February 6, 1989, the public dialogue formally began when the two sides initiated what became known as the Round Table talks. A Round Table Agreement was signed on April 4, 1989. The most consequential part of the agreement was to allow for partially free elections to be held. One hundred sixty one seats (35 percent of the total) in the lower chamber, Sejm, as well as all one hundred seats in the upper chamber, Senate, were to be elected democratically. The remaining 65% of the seats were reserved for the Communist and its satellite parties. The election was scheduled for June 4, 1989. Though in my mid-thirties then, I had never voted as an act of a mild civil disobedience against a regime that was imposed on Poland by the Soviets after the World War II. This time, though, a feeling that I was to witness and experience history in the making was so strong that my decision to vote was an easy one. I cast my vote in the Polish Consulate at Lake Shore Drive in Chicago, after waiting in line for over four hours with my wife and nine year old son. Waiting in line was an experience even more profound that the act of casting the vote. The day was beautiful, sunny and warm, and the breeze from Lake Michigan - whose color was never bluer – was refreshing. Multi-genera- tional Polish-American families were picnicking on the consulate’s lawn and small kids were waving Polish and American flags. A sense of solidarity was overwhelm- ing, of anticipation palpable and of hope contagious. The election of June 4, 1989 resulted in a landslide opposition’s victory. Out of 161 contested seats, Solidarity took 160. Out of 100 seats in the Senate, 99 were won by Solidarity and 1 by an independent candidate. The elections paved the way for creation of a Solidarity-led cabinet – the first non-Communist government within the Soviet bloc since 1948. 15 Memories of the 1989 Revolutions--Ukraine Irina Goncharenko, Instructor in Department of German, Russian and East Asian Languages

In 1989 I was teaching in the Institute for Foreign Languages in Kiev and jug- gling motherhood with teaching, coping like everybody else with the horrible con- sequences of Chernobyl (1986). The very beginning of that year was marked by the sudden and stormy emergence of “Rukh” (the Popular Movement of Ukraine), and the terms “glasnost” and “perestroika” became meaningful words for Ukrainians. This grassroots national organization at its start attracted people with different backgrounds and sometimes dramatically different political views and agendas: intelligentsia, university students, communists with a liberal orientation, environ- mentally-minded, post-Chernobyl “greens,” radical nationalists, etc. The found- ers of this organization were Ivan Drach, a Ukrainian poet, and the famous Soviet Ukrainian dissidents Viacheslav Cherno- vil (considered by Ukrainian people to be a national hero and martyr who was killed ten years later in a car accident under very suspicious circumstances), and Mi- chail Goryn; both spent many years in So- viet camps and in exile. Despite the fact that initially the main goal of the move- ment (at least officially) was to assist the party in promoting its “new, progressive” agenda of building a “democratic lawful state” and linking the party with its base (common people), many Ukrainians with mixed joy and hope viewed “Rukh” as an emerging democratic opposition to the Communist Party. Soviets always liked political discussions, but during Soviet times could only speak their mind at their own or their close friends’ places. The creation of “Rukh” liber- ated Ukrainians from their fear: people wanted to come out with their views and to share them openly with anybody who was interested. In Kiev at Independence Square, every day one could see big crowds of people passionately analyzing the rapid development of events in Moscow and in the other non-Russian republics, talking about the war in Afghanistan coming to an end (!), demanding full disclo- sure of the reasons for the Ukrainian famine of 1932-1934, and the truthful pre- sentation and interpretation of the rest of Ukrainian history. There were intense discussions of religious freedoms, Chernobyl, and radical improvements in the protection of the environment. These informal gatherings became a great political school for many Ukrainians, young and old. Still in dis- belief, enjoying their newly acquired freedom of speech, Ukrainians watched police peacefully standing aside, and TV newscasters freely in- terviewing people around the square. 16 continued on pg 24 Student Travels--Germany, Russia & the Czech Republic Sam Richter, Junior, Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies/German Studies

With the intent to ponder globalism, I stopped by the Starbucks in Prague. The sign says “It’s a Dark Berry Mocha World.” What follows is a barely-begun jigsaw puzzle cut from an impressionist’s painting of a day in Prague, two months in Russia, and three seasons in Germany. To quote Stephen Colbert, on the plate is a “mystery, wrapped in an enigma, stuffed in a pita.” Prague Another study abroad student and I were exploring Prague and had gone look- ing for a hedge labyrinth, but we got lost. While we were questioning the need to find a place made for just that purpose, we came across a monastery. The Strahov Monastery, we discovered, is home to a fantastic library, a sight to see, so we cast the ticket desk attendant our crowns and investigated. Indeed, there were two lav- ish reading halls, several cabinets of specimens, and vagabond packs of bug-eyed bibliophiles and spine-tingled entomologists. The Charles Bridge had already passed under our feet. It seems that over the Vltava is the only place in Europe banjos are to be found, swaying slightly, having early jazz scales cleaned from them, served atop woodwinds and beet-colored contrabasses. The bridge is a swing hall supervised by stone saints, full of faux sailors, vanilla tourists, jewelry dealers, and caricaturists. What was the mood twenty years ago, or thirty, I wonder? Prague has been transformed by tourism. It’s now a common stop alongside the staples of . For fellow students with me in Munich, nearly all unexposed to the post- Soviet realm, Prague was the accessible place to learn about “the communist past.” Several times Americans told me about their trip to the Museum of Communism. Their interest was piqued by attractive advertisements, but ultimately they were disappointed with the content. Some said they looked just at the gift shop and left. Back in Russia I did not see the Museum myself, but their stories reminded me of our attempt to visit the Museum of Russian Democracy last summer during the Havighurst Workshop. Shockingly, the Museum’s opening times were unclear and the guard directed us back out into the Petersburg rain, empty-handed. The Workshop had better successes, though. Popular author Vladimir Sorokin appeared in an evening class for a reading and discussion, and following our earlier conversation with Olga Slavnikova in Moscow, I found no reason to shy away from asking him which way history turns.

continued on pg 25 17 Student Travels--Novgorod, Russia Zachary Hoffman, Graduate Student, History

In late May, a group of Miami University students departed the U.S. to spend four and a half weeks studying abroad in Veliky Novgorod, Russia. From our arrival on May 29th until the end of our concluding trip to St. Petersburg on June 30th, we were given unique opportunities to experience Russia firsthand, which allowed us to expand our understanding of the language as well as the cultural setting so critical to its use. The program was both challenging and beneficial on a number of levels. Combining classroom instruction, home stays with Russian families, and short excursions to important cultural centers and landmarks in Russia’s two major cities, the program provided a level of linguistic immersion invaluable to the continuing development of our language skills and general knowledge of Russian culture. The program was split into two parts, with the study tour beginning and ending in St. Petersburg and divided by a trip to Moscow at the halfway point. These excursions allowed us to see many iconic Russian landmarks such as Red Square, Lenin’s Mausoleum, St. Basil’s Cathedral, Peterhof, and the Hermitage Museum. The opportunity to view many of the pieces of Russian art I had seen only in books and as posters was perhaps my favorite aspect of these tours, with the Tretyakov Art Gallery in Moscow providing some of the most awe-inspiring moments. The rest of our time was spent in intensive study at the Novgorod Linguistic Center of Novgorod State University. Daily studies were conducted primarily in Russian, and usually ran for four to five hours. The instructors (all native-speakers) patiently led us through lessons on grammar, conversation, reading, and Russian area studies that, though demanding, were in the end ultimately rewarding. One of the most important elements of our study, however, was our home stay with Russian families in Novgorod. Learning a language takes on a whole new character when you are transported from the classroom to everyday life where it is necessary to use the language to communicate with your hosts on a regular basis. The willingness of my host family to invite me to participate in their daily conversations on even minor topics like food, television, and the weather provided an atmosphere of friendliness that went a long way towards easing my transition to living and studying in a different country, culture, and time zone. Finally, the choice of Veliky Novgorod as our place of study brought the added benefit of centering our experience in a city rich with religious and historical landmarks. In addition to the numerous afternoon excursions we took to the city Kremlin (fortified medieval citadel) and gorgeous cathedrals that dot the beautiful landscape of the city, we were able to visit many other monuments to Novgorod’s intricate medieval history in our free time. Our stay also coincided with an international festival

18 continued on pg 24 Havighurst Study Tour to Berlin November 19-28, 2009 To celebrate the 20th anniversary of the Fall of the Berlin Wall and to explore the history and future of this unique location, the Havighurst Center is offering a study trip to Berlin during Thanksgiving Break 2009. Participants will include, but are not limited to, students in GER 410 E, ARC 482, POL 471 and POL 440/540 and HST 436/536. ESTIMATED COST: $1400. Includes airfare, ground transportation in Berlin, accommoda- tion + breakfast, and programming fee. Itinerary Thursday, Nov 19: Departure from Oxford Friday, Nov 20: Arrival; settling in; dinner as a group Saturday, Nov 21: The Civic City: the city core and the ceremonial center. Locations may include: , Marx-Engels-Platz, Neue Wache, the site of the Royal Palace, Nikolai Viertel, Bebelplatz, , Humboldt University, , Brandenburger Tor, , Friedrichstraße, and Postdamerplatz. Sunday, Nov 22: Living in the East and the West (Part 1) Locations may include: Frankfurter Allee (former Stalin Allee); the “Mietskaserne” (housing barracks) in Prenzlauer Berg and Friedrichshain; “ostalgia tour;” DDR Museum Monday, Nov 23: Living in the East and the West (Part 2) Locations may include: Ku-Damm, Charlottenburg and Bayrisches Viertel; Jewish Berlin – visit to the area around Alexanderplatz, the New , the Jewish Museum. Tuesday, Nov 24: City of Conflict (Part 1) Politics in Times of Crises and layers of history (Weimar and Nazi Period, Cold war divisions, Post-wall politics, etc.) Locations may include: , Martin Gropius Bau, Topographies of Terror, , the former ministry of the Luftwaffe, now the ministry of finance and also the site of the Berlin workers’ uprising on June 17, 1953. Wednesday, Nov 25: Free Day (reserved for Thanksgiving dinner and museum visits) Thursday, Nov 26: City of Conflict (Part 2) visits to sites of the Wall; Bernauer Str. Memorial and wall strip; Bornholmer Bridge; Friday, Nov 27: Tour of the South-West. Memorials, housing alternatives, and ceremonial buildings off the beaten path. Locations may include Grunewald (Holocaust memorial on the train tracks), Glienicke (18th century palace and landscaping), Glienicke Bridge (where spies were exchanged during the Cold war) and Wannsee (visit to the House of the 1942 Wannsee Conference). Saturday, Nov 28: Departure 19 STUDY ABROAD

Study Abroad in Russia Summer 2010 Russian Summer Workshop Advanced planning is underway for the Havighurst Summer Trip to Russia, 2010. This three-week study tour (6- hours, taught in English) will be an intensive study of Russian culture. We will be examining the intersec- tion of religion, literature, film, visual arts and architecture. The tour will include Moscow and St. Petersburg, including major historical and cultural sites such as the Kremlin and the Hermitage. We will also visit the most important Russian Orthodox sites, do a walking tour of Dostoevsky’s St. Petersburg, and visit the Tolstoy estate. Moreover, we will also have the op- portunity to meet with contemporary writers and film makers. The trip will take place in the second half of May/first half of June. Contact Scott Kenworthy (REL) for information at [email protected]

Russian and East European Universities Approved for Credit at Miami University Semester Programs Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Instruction is in English. Fall or spring semesters. (Exchange)

Central European University, Budapest, Hungary The language of instruction at CEU is English. Fall semester, spring semester, or academic year.

St Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St Petersburg, Russia Instruction is in English and Russian. Fall semester, spring semester, or academic year.

For more information on these and other study abroad programs in Russia and Eastern Europe, contact the Office of International Education, 216 MacMillan Hall, [email protected]. 20 Memories of the 1989 Revolutions--Bulgaria (V. Ganev) to the baleful effect of early-afternoon alcohol consumption – we began running around the university building, intercepting various friends who were getting ready to go to classes, and explaining that there are more important things to attend to at that particular moment. The next task on our agenda was of more prosaic nature: we had to find alcohol for the inevitable party with which we felt compelled to mark the event. Thus we left the university, where the news had already spread, and started cruising around Sofia, a socialist metropolis largely unaware of what was transpiring behind the walls of the Central Committee building and which, in 1989, was still a city where, as a rule, one could never find what one was looking for. Beer was out of the question – it was such a scarce resource that the expression “to go out and have a beer” did not exist in Bulgarian at the time; by mid-November, most stores had run out of wine as well; so vodka and rakia, the strong Bulgarian liquor, were our only options. After two hours, we finally found a store that was relatively well stocked, and proceeded with several bottles in hand to the cashier. “What are you celebrating,” she asked. “Bai Tosho is gone,” I replied, using Todor Zhivkov’s nickname. At that moment, her face darkened, and she shrugged frightfully. “Please, do not say anything bad about Comrade Zhivkov – he is such a good man, and a great leader too…” she replied, both mechanically and somewhat defensively. “C’mon, you don’t have to playact – it is true, it will soon be on the radio, you’d better turn it on,” my friend told her, his eyes shining. “Really?” her face was beginning to lighten up. “Yes – no more Zhivkov!” we shouted as we ran out – not before noticing, however, that the level of agitation in the store went markedly up. It was this mixture of fearful incredulity and fragile hopefulness that characterized the reactions of most Sofians on November 10th, 1989. Many of them already knew that mysterious changes were happening throughout Eastern Europe, but hardly anyone anticipated that they would trigger the sudden downfall of Zhivkov’s sclerotic and brutal dictatorship. In fact, in the annals of Bulgarian communism, 1989 would go down as one of the most cruel years: hundreds of thousands of ethnic Turks were forcefully kicked out of the country, several hundred of their leaders were killed, Bulgarian dissidents were repeatedly imprisoned and beaten by the secret police, and every attempt to create autonomous civic organizations (environmental groups, trade unions, discussion clubs) was instantly suppressed. If there were any signs that Zhivkov was willing to peacefully relinquish his power, they were not visible. And while more and more people were getting involved in anti-regime initiatives of various kinds, the shared understanding among activists was that it would take at least several years of mobilization before Bulgarian could seriously challenge the continued on pg 23 21 Memories of the 1989 Revolutions--East Berlin (M. Ganeva) The night shifts in East Berlin became representative of my year spent abroad. Much of what I learned happened outside of the classroom, in unexpected encounters around the city. I rode the city train (the S-Bahn) every day along the Landwehrkanal, on the other side of which, less than mile away, was West Berlin. On the maps published by the GDR, West Berlin was a blank surface, colored in pale pink, that started beyond the line marked as “state border.” In the language of the street, however, that line was called “the Wall” and the wall was visible and palpable in daily life. From the elevated train as well as from the ninth floor of my dorm, I could see the city in the West. The phantom West Berlin was ever-present, as well, in conversations and jokes. I was surprised, for example, that almost any conversation with German students opened in the same way. They would ask “what is your name and where are you from?” and then “can you travel to the other side?” They were not allowed to go to the other side, drüben, at least not fast enough. According to a popular joke, the trip to West Berlin took 65 years, since only GDR citizens of retirement age, above 65, could cross the state border and go drüben for the day. As a holder of a Bulgarian passport, I also was not allowed to go to West Berlin. Yet, as an avid illegal consumer of the Western media, I listened to RIAS-Berlin (Radio in the American Sector), whose signal could trespass across the wall. In June 1987, RIAS reported that President Reagan would visit West Berlin as part of the celebrations of the 750th birthday of the city. A stage would be set up, listeners were told, between the Reichstag and the , close to the Wall. Following Reagan’s address, a huge rock concert was to take place. Supposedly, the music would be audible on the Eastern side of the wall. Well, this had to be tested, I thought, as did many East Berliners. On the night of the concert, huge masses assembled spontaneously near Alexanderplatz and walked down “” toward Brandenburg Gate. The closer we came to the Gate, the thicker were the cordons of GDR police. People were walking down the right side of the boulevard. Right at the end of “Unter den Linden,” police with megaphones were urging the people to “keep moving.” We could not just hang out near the wall and listen; everyone had to turn around and walk up the left side back toward Alexanderplatz. And as the crowd obeyed and continued to walk, it approached the Soviet Embassy. Surprisingly, the people turned toward the Embassy and started shouting ecstatically “Gorbi! Gorbi!” These moments in front of the Soviet Embassy seemed to me then the culmination of East Germans’ fascination with perestroika, which for them was forbidden fruit.

continued on pg 23 22 Memories of the 1989 Revolutions--Bulgaria (V. Ganev) malevolent hegemony of the communist party. Perhaps that is why the news from the Plenum caught everyone unprepared. But great news it was, indeed. By 6pm, when the first news program was supposed to be broadcast on Bulgarian Television, a large group of friends had already gathered at our apartment, and we were glued to the screen. With a rather even voice, the announcer declared that Todor Zhivkov had asked the Plenum to let him retire, and his wish had been granted. Immediately after that, the first footage from the Plenum was shown; the impact of the images was so strong that two decades after the event everyone who saw them can still discuss them in minute detail. There he was, the all-powerful dictator, sitting rather dejected in his chair, his jaw dropping and his mouth half-open by an obviously uncontrollable contortion, his whole face shrinking in an almost senile grimace. That is the moment when all of us realized that, yes, this change is for real. No one knew exactly what would happen next; but that something new was beginning, no one had any doubts. Memories of the 1989 Revolutions--East Berlin (M. Ganeva) East Germans continued to be shielded from the changes in the Soviet Union. They were not allowed to translate and distribute revelations about and the past that was being published in the Soviet press. The only Soviet journal that was published in translation, Sputnik, became a hot item and its circulation was limited. The year I spent in East Berlin was exciting and unique not only for me, but also the citizens of the capital. They were preparing to celebrate the 750th anniversary of the founding of the city. As a visitor during this time, I was able to witness an unprecedented upsurge of local patriotism. At the same time, I witnessed some mild forms of citizens’ , also unprecedented since the uprising of 1953. Many East Germans from the rest of the country resented openly the lavish attention and excessive resources their government showered on East Berlin because of the anniversary. Many doors in my dorm sported colorful posters from other East German towns that proudly announced that these places were much older than Berlin: “Gera, 992 years old” or “The city of Erfurt was founded 1245 years ago.” When I returned to Berlin several times after the fall of the Wall, I rarely ventured into East Berlin. Somehow, I always chose to stay in locations in the West that once had been beyond the wall and forbidden to visit. I felt I had to catch up with West Berlin, while the East was in the grips of renovation frenzy. Not until 2009 did I decide to explore again the dilapidated eastern neighborhoods where I used to live. I was surprised to see the depressing grayness of the place gone. Buildings that back in the 1980s still wore the pockmarks of shrapnel fire, as if the Battle of Berlin had been fought precisely at that location, were now painted in bright new pastels. The place was bustling with life – students, artists, tourists, Americans were now residing in this old part of town with its rough-edged reputation and frequenting the many hip cafes. I could imagine coming back here for another research trip and staying in the East. The Berlin Wall in my mind had really fallen. 23 Memories of the 1989 Revolutions--Ukraine (Goncharenko-Rose) audience was astounded by his look of exasperation. All the incredible pain that was boiling underground in the non-Russian republics for so many years about getting back their mother tongues, raising and securing their status, came out in this memorable incident in Kiev. In the course of 1989, events in all Soviet republics -- including Ukraine -- moved very fast. “Rukh,” which at its outset seemed mainly focused on Gorbachev’s efforts to reform the Soviet Union, soon evolved into the major political power in Ukraine’s planning and organizing for an independence referendum in 1991. People in Ukraine felt swept along by forces, which seemed in many ways beyond their control, but of which they felt they somehow were an active part. Student Travels--Hoffman (continued) in mid-June commemorating a medieval association of trading cities known as the Hanseatic League. As a participant in this trading community that spanned the North and Baltic Seas during the later part of the Middle Ages, Novgorod hosted the three-day festival this year. The event brought together representatives from across the region and included actors in period costumes, traditional food and crafts, folk dancing, and various musical performances. All of these characteristics came together to add the unique flavor of a city celebrating its 1150-year anniversary this September to our stay. The Novgorod program offered an excellent chance to expand our knowledge and language skills through direct contact with both Russians and Russia. By the time our study tour drew to a close, I had developed a more personal connection to my area of study because of this chance to immerse myself in the culture. I hope to have the opportunity to return to Russia, and especially Novgorod, in the near future.

The Miami University Summer Language Program in Novgorod will be offered again in Summer 2010. Contact Irina Goncharenko-Rose for information at [email protected].

24 Student Travels--Richter (continued) because they might have had to tally me during a tenser part of a lakeside picnic near Novgorod. More than a run-in with a flock of skinheads, our interview with the Center’s director in a tight two-room office made the class’ theoretical musings strikingly relevant. The professor suspected Russian nationalists had written his Wikipedia entry. The class was also enlightened with a lecture by a professor whom I later noticed to be part of the Havighurst Center Facebook group, forming a satisfying circle.

To Berlin Now two decades after the fall of the Berlin Wall, I went strolling under the Bran- denburg Gate with a friend, Katrin, DDR-born, who wears her Pearl Jam t-shirts to work in the Reichstag. Wearing a different music group now, glancing back at tourists, street performers in pantaloons, bicycle rickshaws, she tells me that every day heading to work she goes a little out of her way to walk under the Gate, because she can and couldn’t always. Twenty years after an undone Wall is a time for special retrospectives but commemora- tion has become a habit. It’s a point burlesqued by the beach bar installed behind the East Side Gallery, the Wall’s last standing section. There are other leftovers that show up in the everyday. Katrin and I were looking through a bookstore and she inquired if they had a title she remembered from her childhood. They only had normal children’s books, the proprietor replied. Apparently, in addition to friendly bureaucrats and produce variety, communism also lacked normalcy, particularly when it came to children. In last year’s spring newsletter, Dr. Dawisha referred to Miami students return- ing from Russia “with a thirst for...more Kafka-esque negotiations with Russian authorities.” Kafka, born in Prague, still seems present in Russia nearly two years later. Prosecutors still read, miraculously, incomprehensible tomes. Paperwork still has an ominous quality not felt in Germany’s innocuous forms. Eastern Eu- rope has other lessons but, for now, I picked up some Kafka. Thirsty for Starbucks and show trials.

25 Spring 2010 CLASSES ATH/HST/POL/REL/RUS 254 Introduction to Russian & Eurasian Studies Neringa Klumbyte/Scott Kenworthy

CLS214/RUS 214 Modern Receptions of Classical Literature: Russia Zara Torlone

POL 332 Post-Soviet Politics Karen Dawisha

POL 440/540/HST 436/536 Havighurst Colloquia: Politics of Energy Security in Eurasia Gulnaz Sharafutdinova

POL 334 Politics of Eastern Europe Venelin Ganev

REL/RUS 133 Imagining Russia Scott Kenworthy

RUS 102 Beginners Russian Benjamin Sutcliffe

RUS 137 Russian Folklore Benjamin Sutcliffe

RUS 202 Intermediate Russian Vitaly Chernetsky

RUS 302 Advanced Russian Margaret Ziolkowski

RUS 311 Readings in Russian Vitaly Chernetsky 26 FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES HAVIGHURST CENTER GRANT The Havigurst Center announces the next round of competition for grant assistance through the Havighurst Center Fund for projects/program to be undertaken in Spring and Summer 2010. The purpose of the Havighurst Fund is to provide full or partial support for projects undertaken by full-time faculty and staff from all Miami campuses in all fields that focus on Russia, Eastern Europe, and/or Eurasia. Initiatives that promote wider faculty and student awareness of the region and that seek to deepen Miami’s programmatic involvement in this area are preferred. Those who wish to be considered for funding for Spring and Summer 2010 should submit one original and 9 copies of their application no later than 5:00pm, Friday, October 23, 2009, to the Havighurst Center, 116 Harrison Hall, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056. Another round of competition will be held in Spring 2010 to consider projects to be undertaken the following Fall. Proposals will be reviewed by the Havighurst Advisory Committee, comprised of faculty peers who will submit their recommendations to the Provost for approval. All applicants are encouraged to contact Karen Dawisha, Director of the Havighurst Center, to discuss their proposals before submitting them, at DAWISHKL@muohio. edu.

The Havighurst Center can add you to its listserv for information about internships and job openings. Contact the Havighurst Center at [email protected]

The Havighurst Center for Russian & Post-Soviet Studies Miami University 116 Harrison Hall Oxford, Ohio 45056 Karen Dawisha, Director Lynn Stevens, Program Coordinator