The Havighurst Center for Russian & Post-Soviet Studies Fall 2009 Newsletter
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29 March 1961 SPEECH DELIVERED by COMRADE TODOR ZHIVKOV
Parallel History Project on Cooperative Security (PHP) January 2008 Records of the Political Consultative Committee, 1955-1991 www.php.isn.ethz.ch Edited by Douglas Selvage and Vojtech Mastny Draft – 29 March 1961 SPEECH 1 DELIVERED BY COMRADE TODOR ZHIVKOV AT THE MEETING OF THE POLITICAL CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE WARSAW TREATY COUNTRIES HELD IN MOSCOW, 28 – 29 MARCH 1961 Comrades, First of all, I would like to express my gratitude on behalf of the delegation of the People’s Republic of Bulgaria to the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Soviet government for initiating this meeting of the Political Consultative Committee of the Warsaw Treaty countries, and to state that we believe it is very timely, necessary and beneficial. This meeting of the Political Consultative Committee of the Warsaw Treaty countries is taking place nearly four months after the Moscow meeting of representatives from the communist and workers parties. Clearly, our work today will be influenced by the Moscow meeting, by the thorough analysis of the current international situation and the correlation of forces in the international arena, by the theoretical and political conclusions, assessments and common positions on important issues decided upon at the Moscow meeting. Obviously, we should consider the comments of Comrade [Nikita] Khrushchev, who repeatedly underlined that we should protect ourselves from being blackmailed by the imperialists and involved in a war; that we need to strengthen the socialist camp and its defensive capabilities and be prepared to prevent any attempt to start a war. Considering the new capabilities of modern weapons of mass destruction, it is very important not to let the enemy surprise us, to keep our armed forces combat-ready and always to take the initiative. -
There Has Been No Bulgarian Tradition of Any Long-Standing Resistance to the Communist Regime
There has been no Bulgarian tradition of any long-standing resistance to the communist regime. There was neither any political opposition, nor any other kind of an influential dissident movement. Bulgaria never went through the purgatory of the Hungarian uprising of 1956, or the “Prague spring” of 1968. It is indeed difficult to find any counter arguments whatsoever against the cliché that Bul- garia was the closest satellite of the Soviet Union. The fundamental contradictions within the Union of Democratic Forces (SDS) coalition were present from the very first day of its inception. There were Marxists who were longing for “socialism with a human face”, intellectuals with liberal ideas, social democrats and Christian democrats, conservatives and radical demo- crats, monarchists and republicans. The members of the center-right coalition did not delude themselves about their differences; they rather shared the clear un- derstanding that only a painful compromise could stand some chances against the Goliath of the totalitarian Bulgarian Communist Party (BKP). It was this unani- mous opposition to the communist regime and its legacy that made the coalition possible. But only for a limited period of time. The United Democratic Forces (ODS) government under Prime Minister Ivan Kostov (1997-2001) completed the reformist agenda of anti-communism. At the end of the ODS term of office, Bulgaria was a country with a functioning market economy, stable democracy, and a clearly outlined foreign policy course towards the country’s accession to the European Union and NATO, which was accepted by all significant political formations, the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) included. -
October 02, 1958 T. Zhivkov's Report at the Bulgarian Plenary Session On
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified October 02, 1958 T. Zhivkov’s Report at the Bulgarian Plenary Session on the Middle East Crisis Citation: “T. Zhivkov’s Report at the Bulgarian Plenary Session on the Middle East Crisis,” October 02, 1958, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Archive of the Bulgarian Communist Party, Fond 1, Record 5, File 353. Document obtained by Dr. Jordan Baev; translated and edited by Dr. Momchil Metodiev and Kalin Kanchev. Obtained by the Bulgarian Cold War Research Group. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/113222 Summary: A report based on military intelligence information and on Zhivkov's conversation with the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. Original Language: Bulgarian Contents: English Translation Scan of Original Document T. Zhivkov's report on the situation in the Middle East, October 2, 1958 Meeting Minutes OF CC BCP PLENUM, HELD ON OCTOBER 2 - 4, 1958 FIRST SESSION, OCTOBER 2, 1958 Presidium of the Plenum: Todor Zhivkov [1], Dimitar Ganev [2], Georgi Tzankov, Anton Yugov [3], Encho Staykov [4], Ivan Mihajlov [5], Boris Taskov [6], Rayko Damyanov [7], Boian Bulgaranov [8]. CHAIRMAN ANTON YUGOV: Enough CC members are present at the Plenum. Only twelve CC members are absent, some of them are abroad, some are unavailable; also seven CC Candidate members are absent. I declare the session open. The agenda is distributed to the comrades. The following items on the agenda are proposed: 1. Report on some issues of the international situation presented by comrade Todor Zhivkov. 2. Report on the political and organizational work in the Bulgarian Armed Forces presented by comrade Misho Mishev [9]. -
Join B'nai Jeshurun Congregation's European Jewish Heritage Journey Led by Rabbi Stephen Weiss Budapest, Ledec ‛, Prague and Berlin June 11-22, 2017
Join B'nai Jeshurun Congregation's European Jewish Heritage Journey led by Rabbi Stephen Weiss Budapest, Ledec ‛, Prague and Berlin June 11-22, 2017 Our Jewish heritage tour will explore the rich history of Jewish life in Hungary, The Czech Republic and Germany. We will learn about the systematic destruction of Jewish life by the Nazis by visiting Berlin, the center of Nazi power, and Terezin Concentration camp. Together, we will remember what once was, we will learn how each country has come to grips with its role in the Holocaust and, we will see examples of the rebuilding and reawakening of Jewish life in Europe. Each destination has its own significance and place in our history. Join us as we learn, remember, and memorialize. Land Only: $4,025 - Land and *Air package $5,549 per person in a double room Single room supplement $1,599 Based on 25 participants plus Tour Leader *Includes Round Trip Air, Taxes and Fuel Surcharge Not included in cost: tips for Guide and Driver $175 per person and $25 checked baggage fee on each domestic flight. For information, please contact Rabbi Stephen Weiss at [email protected] or Diane Shalom at 216.831.6555 ext 104 or [email protected] Application may be viewed and downloaded at www.itctours.com/rabb-weiss-BJC Included in the tour: * All touring sightseeing and entrance fees as per itinerary in Deluxe air- conditioned bus* Breakfast daily * 4 lunches * 7 kosher or vegetarian dinners * English speaking guide and group manager throughout the trip* Group transfers upon arrival and -
Gorbachev), 23 June 1989
Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact (PHP) November 2000 The Irresistible Collapse of the Warsaw Pact www.isn.ethz.ch/php Edited by Jordan Baev and Anna Locher ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Memorandum of Meeting between the General Secretary of the BCP (Zhivkov) and the General Secretary of the CPSU (Gorbachev), 23 June 1989 381/89 INFORMATION on the meeting between Com. Todor Zhivkov – Secretary General of CC BCP and Chairman of the State Council of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, and Com. Mikhail Gorbachev –Secretary General of CC CPSU and Chairman of the USSR Supreme Soviet Moscow, 23 June1989, CC CPSU Building In accordance with the restructuring of the socialist system and the new political thinking, the meeting dealt with Bulgarian and Soviet internal state developments, bilateral relations, relations among the socialist countries as well as issues of global, European and Balkan cooperation. […] Com. Gorbachev pointed out that the Soviet leadership must maintain the international prestige and strategic initiative in order to realize its plans for the internal restructuring of the country. He drew attention especially to the necessity of reducing the extremely high defense expenditures, which exceed 18% of the national income. In the last years, the defense expenditures have increased twice as fast as the national income. […] Com. Zhivkov informed [Gorbachev] about the Bulgarian restructuring process. He pointed out the attendant economic difficulties and the "Moslem" problem. He stated that the number of the "Moslems" has been increasing at the rate of 15-16,000 per year and that in 20 years Bulgaria could resemble Cyprus. -
Goodwill Between Neighbors
Chapter 2 Goodwill between Neighbors In 1975, negotiations were underway between experts from Bulgaria and Yugoslavia regarding an exhibition, Prehistoric Art in the Bulgarian Lands , soon to open at the Belgrade History Museum. The museum director expressed concern about the title because “there is a dif- ference between the Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian meaning of [the word] ‘lands’” and required clarification about “which lands you refer to—the pres- ent or the past.” He worried—not without reason—that in Bulgarian schol- arship, the term was used to refer to all the historical kingdoms that extended beyond the current Bulgarian borders. The Bulgarian representative, trying to defuse tensions, “answered jokingly that most probably there would be no artifacts from Macedonia,” pinpointing the exact reason for the misgiv- ings of his Yugoslav colleague. 1 In a compromise, the exhibition premiered in Belgrade under a new title, Prehistoric Art in Bulgaria . 2 The contested place of Macedonia in the historical repertoires of Bul- garia and Yugoslavia caused much controversy once Bulgaria launched its international cultural offensive because it triggered rival interpretations of the past in the two countries. In October 1977, the Croatian journal Oko published a dispatch from New York City reporting on Bulgaria’s Thracian Treasures exhibition that had just opened at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The article lambasted the exhibition catalog, which featured a map that 62 GOODWILL BETWEEN NEIGHBORS 63 incorrectly showed the Balkan borders. -
Rabbi Paul and Melissa Kerbel
Join Temple Beth Sholom of Roslyn’s European Jewish Heritage journey Led by Rabbi Paul and Melissa Kerbel Warsaw, Krakow-Auschwitz/Birkenau, Prague, Terezin Berlin and Potsdam Guided by Jules Gutin, Former International USY Director, founder of the USY Israel/Poland Seminar and Tour Educator for the summer’s USY trips to Poland June 4 -16, 2017 Our Jewish heritage tour will explore: The long and rich history of Jewish life in Poland, Czech Republic and Germany We will learn about the systematic destruction of Jewish life by the Nazis by visiting Berlin, the center of Nazi power, and the Auschwitz, Treblinka and Terzin Concentration camps We will remember what once was, we will learn how each country has come to grips with its role in the Holocaust and, we will see examples of the rebuilding and reawakening of Jewish life in Europe Each destination has its own significance and place in our history Join us as we learn, remember, and memorialize Land Only: $4475 per person in a double room - Single room supplement $1123 Flight cost will be published 11 months before the travel date Includes Round Trip Air Taxes and Fuel Surcharge Additional cost: tips for Guide and Driver $165 per person For additional information please Sara Sheps at 973-535-2575 e-mail: [email protected] Detailed Itinerary and Application can be viewed and downloaded at www.itctours.com/rabbikerbel Included in the tour: 2 nights Novotel Warszawa Centum Warsaw, 2 nights Holiday Inn City Center Krakow, 3 nights Grand Bohemia Prague 4 nights Westin Grand Hotel Berlin * All touring sightseeing and entrance fees as per itinerary in Deluxe air-conditioned bus* English speaking guide * Breakfast daily * 7 lunches 7 kosher and vegetarian dinners * Group manager throughout the trip* Group transfers upon arrival and departure Arranged by - ITC Tours, LLC. -
The Europe Trip
TEMPLE ISAIAH • HERITAGE JOURNEY TO PRAGUE, KOLIN AND BERLIN • LED BY CANTOR LISA DOOB GE JOURN A 2 0 2 0 E IT 2 3 , Y R 6 - E 1 i l H r H p A IA A S I E THE L P EUROPE M E TRIP T TOLL FREE 888-811-2812 | Search on arzaworld.com for more details 888.811.2812 New York: 500 7th Ave | 8th Floor | New York, NY 10018 Prague: Soukenicka 1194/13 | 110 00 Prague 1 | Czech Republic Jerusalem: 19 Washington Street | P.O. Box 71047 | Jerusalem, Israel 9171000 Tel Aviv: 6 Beit Hillel Street | Tel Aviv, Israel 6701709 YOUR TOUR EDUCATOR Every journey we offer is accompanied by a Tour Educator (TE) who brings your itinerary to life. Some of our TE’s have decades of firsthand experience leading people to particular places. Your TE will provide you with an authentic understanding of the locations you will visit, will introduce you to the locals, and will share his/her enthusiasm and passion for the local culture. The result is a journey that transforms your understanding of a place, connecting you to the people and places you encounter in a way that is palpable and unforgettable. Our TE's are like no other: intelligent, knowledgeable, engaging and fun. They will become an indispensable part of your experience and some might just become lifetime friends. OUR TRIP APRIL 16-23, 2020 FROM $2,995 LAND ONLY HIGHLIGHTS A journey of inspiration and education Connect to Jewish history in Prague, Kolin, and Berlin Bauer Villa, Prague's Castle District, and Berlin’s Brandenburg Gate: European gems Explore Czech and European art Shabbat in Prague Outstanding service with expert tour educator DAY 1 DEPARTURE were buried here. -
Vernacular Religion in Diaspora: a Case Study of the Macedono-Bulgarian Group in Toronto
Vernacular Religion in Diaspora: a Case Study of the Macedono-Bulgarian Group in Toronto By Mariana Dobreva-Mastagar A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Trinity College and the Theological Department of the Toronto School of Theology In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theology awarded by the University of St. Michael's College © Copyright by Mariana Dobreva-Mastagar 2016 Vernacular Religion in Diaspora: a case Study of the Macedono-Bulgarian group in Toronto PhD 2016 Mariana Dobreva-Mastagar University of St.Michael’s College Abstract This study explores how the Macedono-Bulgarian and Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox churches in Toronto have attuned themselves to the immigrant community—specifically to post-1990 immigrants who, while unchurched and predominantly secular, have revived diaspora churches. This paradox raises questions about the ways that religious institutions operate in diaspora, distinct from their operations in the country of origin. This study proposes and develops the concept “institutional vernacularization” as an analytical category that facilitates assessment of how a religious institution relates to communal factors. I propose this as an alternative to secularization, which inadequately captures the diaspora dynamics. While continuing to adhere to their creeds and confessional symbols, diaspora churches shifted focus to communal agency and produced new collective and “popular” values. The community is not only a passive recipient of the spiritual gifts but is also a partner, who suggests new forms of interaction. In this sense, the diaspora church is engaged in vernacular discourse. The notion of institutional vernacularization is tested against the empirical results of field work in four Greater Toronto Area churches. -
JEWISH TRAVELERS GERMANY for the Jewish Traveler
65 TOWNS AND CITIES, INFORMATION AND SPECIAL TIPS FOR JEWISH TRAVELERS GERMANY FOR THE Jewish Traveler CONTENT Welcome Bad Nauheim 33 Hemsbach 41 TO GERMANY 4 Bamberg 33 Ichenhausen 41 Bayreuth 33 Kiel 41 GERMANY FOR Bergen-Belsen 33 Kippenheim-Schmieheim 42 THE Jewish Traveler 5 Bielefeld 34 Lübeck 42 WHERE TO go Bochum 34 Magdeburg 42 AND WHAT TO see 8 Bonn 34 Mainz 43 Braunschweig 34 Münster 43 “Stolpersteine” Bremen 35 Nuremberg 44 THE UBIQUITOUS Bremerhaven 35 Offenburg 44 MEMORIAL 8 Celle 35 Osnabrück 44 Berlin 9 Chemnitz 35 Regensburg 45 Cologne (Köln) 14 Dachau 36 Rostock 45 Dresden 16 Dessau 36 Rothenburg-ob-der-Tauber 46 Düsseldorf 18 Erfurt 37 Saarbrücken 46 Frankfurt 20 Essen 37 Schnaittach 47 Hamburg 22 Freiburg im Breisgau 38 Schopfloch 47 Hannover 24 Freudental 38 Speyer 47 Leipzig 26 Fürth 38 Sulzburg 47 Munich 28 Gailingen 39 Trier 48 Stuttgart 30 Giessen 39 Weimar-Buchenwald 48 Towns and Cities Gröbzig 39 Wiesbaden 49 THROUGHOUT Haigerloch 39 Wörlitz 49 GERMANY 32 Halle 39 Worms 50 Affaltrach 32 Hamelin (Hameln) 39 Wuppertal 50 Andernach 32 Hechingen 39 MAP OF GERMANY 51 Augsburg 32 Heidelberg 40 Credits 52 Welcome TO GERMANY “ONE OF THE MOST DIVERSE COUNTRIES IN EUROPE” For foreign travelers, Germany is inevitably one of the world’s great destinations and one of the four most visited nations in Europe. Germany offers the traveler an extraordinary array of contrasts, perhaps the most extraordinary in Europe. In North American terms, Germany is not large — bigger than the state of New Mexico, but smaller than Montana. -
STUMBLING STONES ROSENKRANZ Erected an Entire Quarter for Administrative Offices and Other Authorities for the Nazi Apparatus, All in the Vicinity of Minoritenweg
[6] THE BAROQUE SYNAGOGUE AND [9] EMILIE UND OSKAR SCHINDLER: “Aryanization” followed, robbing the Brandis and the Holzingers of everyt- hing: of their real estate, of their businesses, and of their money - which was RABBI ISAAK ALEXANDER “RIGHTEOUS AMONG THE NATIONS“ frozen in special accounts from which they could only withdraw small sums, HINTER DER GRIEB 5 AM WATMARKT 5 insufficient for emigration. Having been stripped of all means, Ottmar and If it were not for the stone tablet on the wall of the stately home, on the street The fact that Oskar Schindler and his wife Emilie lived in Regensburg after the end Daniela Holzinger were deported to Theresienstadt/Terezín in September called Hinter der Grieb 5, hardly anybody would know what was once found here: of the war is not common knowledge. However, thanks to Steven Spielberg’s film 1942 where both perished in 1944, due to the appalling conditions. The sis- “This late Gothic home housed a synagogue in the 18th century” “Schindler’s List”, their name is well known all over the world. The plaque, which ter-in-law, Gisela Holzinger and her daughter Alice, together with her husband Probably as early as 1766, Isaak Alexander came to Regensburg, and became you can see on the house wall on Watmarkt 5 where they resided, primarily was Karl Brandis plus their four children were deported to Piaski in April 1942, the rabbi of the small Jewish community, which once again had attempted to mounted here because of the immense popularity of the film. Ever since then, and most presumably, were gassed in the Sobibór extermination camp. -
Anti-Communism, Neoliberalisation, Fascism by Bozhin Stiliyanov
Post-Socialist Blues Within Real Existing Capitalism: Anti-Communism, Neoliberalisation, Fascism by Bozhin Stiliyanov Traykov A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Sociology University of Alberta © Bozhin Stiliyanov Traykov, 2020 Abstract This project draws on Alex William’s (2020) contribution to Gramscian studies with the concept of complex hegemony as an emergent, dynamic and fragile process of acquiring power in socio- political economic systems. It examines anti-communism as an ideological element of neoliberal complex hegemony in Bulgaria. By employing a Gramcian politico-historical analysis I explore examples of material and discursive ideological practices of anti-communism. I show that in Bulgaria, anti-communism strives to operate as hegemonic, common-sensual ideology through legislative acts, production of historiography, cultural and educational texts, and newly invented traditions. The project examines the process of rehabilitation of fascist figures and rise of extreme nationalism, together with discrediting of the anti-fascist struggle and demonizing of the welfare state within the totalitarian framework of anti-communism. Historians Enzo Traverso (2016, 2019), Domenico Losurdo (2011) and Ishay Landa (2010, 2016) have traced the undemocratic roots of economic liberalism and its (now silenced) support of fascism against the “Bolshevik threat.” They have shown that, whether enunciated by fascist regimes or by (neo)liberal intellectuals, anti-communism is deeply undemocratic and shares deep mass-phobic disdain for political organizing of the majority. In this dissertation I argue that, in Bulgaria, anti- communism has not only opened the ideological space for extreme right and fascist politics, it has demoralized left political organizing by attacking any attempts for a politics of socio- economic justice as tyrannical.