Index abandonment, fear of, 58 Freud’s father’s response to, 6–7, 19 Freud’s, 11, 106, 108, 136–37 Freud’s response to, 19–20, 161–62 Abraham, Karl, 145, 212, 215–16 Freud’s theories and, 20, 34 abreaction. See catharsis anxiety accidents. See parapraxes causes of, 21, 81, 146 addictions, 54, 93, 200 defenses against, 21–22, 67–70, 101, Freud’s, 39–41, 51–52, 138 146, 150 Adler, Alfred, 1–2, 12, 82, 134, 136, vs. fear, 20–21 211 See also fear as dissenter, 73–74, 215–17 anxiety disorders, 176 Adolescence (Hall), 2–3 appearance, Freud’s, 134–35 aggression, 35–36, 73, 94 applied psychoanalysis, 160 expressed through jokes, 158–59 archetypes, Jung on, 80–82 relation to sexuality, 45, 167 arousal See also death instinct constancy principle in, 41–42 Ainsworth, Mary, 106, 136 Freud’s level of, 41, 138 Alexander, Franz, 145, 178 self-regulation of, 54, 57 Allport, Gordon, 1–2 art, Freud’s collection of, 17–18 ambivalence Artist, The (Rank), 74 in depression, 71–72 Assault on Truth: Freud’s Suppression of Freud’s, toward parents, 6–7, 11, the Seduction Theory, The 105–6, 109–10 (Masson), 167–69 toward parents, 46, 190 attachment, 106–7 anal stage, 44–45, 58, 177. See also Freud’s, 113–14, 119–20, 136 developmental stages Autobiographical Study (Freud), 217 analysis. See psychoanalysis, as therapy autoeroticism, in oral stage, 43–44 analysts, 35 autonomy, toilet training and, 45, 58 characteristics of, 75, 186, 208 Freud as, 131–32, 187–88, 208–9 Bair, Deirdre, 20 listening by, 29, 166, 185–88 Bauer, Ida. See Dora (case) Andreas, Friedrich Carl, 12 Beating Fantasies and Daydreams (Anna Andreas-Salomé, Lou, 11–13, 36, Freud), 132 132–33, 198 Bell, Sanford, 3 anger, 71, 105.COPYRIGHTED See also aggression Bernays, MATERIAL Minna (sister-in-law), 65, Anna O. (case), 13–17, 28, 39, 42 115–16 gender identity in, 121–23 Bernheim, Hippolyte, 29, 96–97 transference in, 207–8 Beyond the Pleasure Principle (Freud), anorexia, 102–3 23–24, 35–36 antiquities, Freud’s, 17–18, 170 Binswanger, Ludwig, 24–25, 78, 134, 212 anti-Semitism, 172–73 biochemistry, 138, 177, 183

227 228 Index bisexuality, 126, 141, 144, 203 Clark University, Freud’s degree from, Blair, Deirdre, 20 3, 33 Bleuler, Eugen, 33, 77–78 cocaine, 51–52, 126–27, 138 Borne, Ludwig, 129 Committee, the, 76, 216 Bowlby, John, 106–7, 136–37 competition, 59–60, 119 brain, 61–62 compulsions. See obsessions and drives in, 63–64 compulsions Freud’s model of the mind and, condensation, 153–54, 159 90–93 conflict Freud studying, 26–27 in causes of hysteria, 97–99 self-regulation by, 54, 57 Freud’s with wife, 112 breast, in oral stage, 43–44 between instincts, 184, 197 Breger, Louis, 104, 200, 218 within the mind, 90, 92–93, 140 Breuer, Josef, 3 conscience, 92, 182. See also superego Anna O. and, 13–17, 39, 207–8 conscious, in model of the mind, 90, in Freud’s dream, 151–54 203–5 Freud’s relationship with, 28, 30, 32, constancy principle, 41–42 137, 170 correspondence, Freud’s, 65 Studies on Hysteria and, 16–17 with Andreas-Salomé, 13 Brill, A. A., 36, 212 with Einstein, 173 Brücke, Ernst, 27, 30, 137 with Fliess, 125, 127, 137 Brunswick, Mark, 135 with Jones, 160 Brunswick, Ruth Mack, 218 with Jung, 76–78 with Martha, 112–14 cancer, Freud’s, 35–37, 39–41, 66–67, countertransference, 87, 143, 207 133, 210 castration anxiety, 45–46, 81, 181–82 Darrow, Clarence, 36, 163–64 attributed to Little Hans, 164–65 Davies, Howard, 83 in Oedipus and Electra complexes, da Vinci, Leonardo, 141 94–95 daydreams. See fantasies catharsis, 41–42 death through interpretations, 185, 187 in causes of hysteria, 17, 63, 96 through talking, 15, 29 in Emmy von N. case, 100–101 Charcot, Jean Martin, 28, 42, 137 in Freud family, 38, 118 childhood, 25, 52, 74. See also childhood Freud’s, 40, 66–67 sexuality Freud’s fear of, 4–5, 11, 34, 40, childhood sexuality, 126 107–8 evaluation of Freud’s theories on, death instinct, 24, 194 55–61 introduction of, 35–36 Freud’s, 8–11, 108–10 self-destructive behavior and, 41, 54 Freud’s theories on, 42–47, 52–53, de Beauvoir, Simone, 120–21 196, 202 defense mechanisms, 67–70, 134 of girls, 209–10 defenses, unconscious, 95, 146, 181–82, child psychoanalysis, 133–34 204 Chodorow, Nancy, 124 denial, 69 Civilization and Its Discontents (Freud), depression, 71–72 36, 47–50, 74 of Freud, 5, 41, 51–52, 118 Civilized Sexual Morality and Modern of Freud’s mother, 108 Nervous Illness (Freud), 199 destructiveness, human, 34 Clark lectures, 3–4 Deutsch, Felix, 39, 88 Index 229

Deutsch, Helene, 214 Emmy von N. (case), 99–103, 128 developmental stages, 4–5, 43–47 emotions, 15–16, 63 evaluation of Freud’s theories on, energy 56–61 hydraulic model of, 27 psychosocial vs. psychosexual, 47, 58 psychic, 147, 164 in Three Essays, 32, 202–3 engulfment, fear of, 49, 58, 111 Development of Psychoanalysis, The Freud’s, 114–15, 200 (Rank and Ferenczi), 75 Erikson, Erik, 47, 58 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Eros (life instinct), 24. See also libido Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), 176 “Etiology of Hysteria, The” (lecture), 30 displacement, 70, 101, 154, 159 “Exceptions, The” (Freud), 94–95 dissenters, in psychoanalysis, 73–83, extrovert, Freud as, 82, 134 212, 214 Freud’s response to, 25, 137–38, 171, fainting spells, Freud’s, 5, 104–5 182, 215–17 family, Freud’s. See Freud children; Dora (case), 32, 83–89, 209 Freud family dreams, 31, 64, 143 fantasies evolution of interpretations of, Anna Freud’s, 131–32 148–55 Freud’s schnorrer, 169–70 Freud’s, 5–11, 30, 108 in seduction theory, 167–68, 195–96 in Freud’s cases, 85–87, 218 fathers, 48 Freud’s interpretations of, 53, 79–80, ambivalence toward, 6–7, 11, 105, 187 190–91 processes of, 68, 147–48, 205 death of Freud’s, 5–6, 8, 30 purposes of, 53, 150 Freud as, to children, 118–20, symbolism in, 53, 155–56 130–33, 170, 198 “Dreams and Telepathy” (Freud), 180 Freud as, to followers, 73–75, 104, dream work, 153–54 109, 212–14, 216 Dreiser, Theodore, 36 Freud’s intellectual, 27, 30, 32, 137 drives. See instincts (see also Breuer, Josef; Fliess, Wilhelm) Eckstein, Emma, 123, 154, 156–58, 168 power of, 7, 111 education, Freud’s, 26–27 in sexuality theories, 59, 86–88, ego, 174 194–97 as bodily ego, 138, 202 fear, 101 defenses of, 103, 134 anxiety vs., 20–21 dominating id, 92–93, 185 Freud’s, of death, 4–5, 11, 107–8 as frontal cortex of brain, 61, 91 Freud’s, of travel, 7–8, 11, 104, 107 in models of the mind, 90–94 Federn, Paul, 211 Ego and the Id, The (Freud), 90 Feminine Mystique, The (Friedan), 121 Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense, The femininity, 145, 167 (Anna Freud), 68, 134 Femininity (Freud), 109–10 ego-ideal, 92 feminism ego psychology, 93–94, 134, 140 Horney’s, 145–46 Einstein, Albert, 219 response to Freud, 120–24 Eitington, Max, 212, 215–16 Ferenczi, Sándor, 4, 37 Electra complex, 45–47, 59, 86–87, role in psychoanalysis, 75, 215 94–95 travelling with Freud, 66, 104 electrotherapy, 28 in Vienna Psychoanalytical Society, Elisabeth von R. (case), 95–99 211, 213, 216 230 Index finances, Freud’s, 34, 37–38, 112, daily life with, 65–66 169–70 death of, 38 fixations Freud courting, 111–14, 197 at anal stage, 4–5, 45, 58 marriage of, 27, 38, 109, 112–14, effects of, 144, 177, 202 197–99 at oral stage, 44 Freud: Master and Friend (Sachs), 216 at phallic stage, 46 Freud, Mathilde (daughter), 116, 120 Fleishl, Ernst, 51 Freud, Oliver (son), 19, 117, 120 Fliess, Wilhelm, 40 as obsessive-compulsive, 130, 178 in Freud’s dream, 151–54, 156–58 Freud, Philipp (brother), 9–10 Freud’s relationship with, 5, 30, 32, Freud, Sophie (daughter), 35, 117–18, 125–27, 137, 168 120, 130–31 Forel, Auguste, 2 Freud, Stephen (grandson), 117 fort-da game, 23 Freud children, 34, 115–17, 161 “Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Freud as father to, 118–20, 130, 133, Hysteria” (Freud), 84 170, 198 free association, 103, 129 Freud family development of technique, 29, 78, beliefs of, 161, 178 100, 128 childhood in, 25–26 use in analysis, 95–96, 166, 185 daily life of, 65–66 Freud, Alexander (brother), 7–8, 66 deaths in, 35, 38 Freud, Amalia Nathanson (mother), Freudian slips. See parapraxes 7–9, 35, 105 Friedan, Betty, 121 Freud’s relationship with, 66, friends, Freud’s, 24–25, 30, 66, 170 106–11, 136–37 Andreas-Salomé as, 133, 138, 198 Freud, Anna (daughter), 13, 120, 129 Fliess as, 125–27 father and, 67, 118, 130–33, 180 Jung as, 78–79, 81 obsessiveness and, 113, 178 sister-in-law as, 65, 115–16 role in psychoanalysis, 68, 106–7, From the History of an Infantile Neurosis 118, 132–34 (Freud), 217–18 Freud, Anna (sister), 9–10, 26 Furtmüller, Karl, 213 Freud, Anton (grandson), 120 Future of an Illusion, The (Freud), 193 Freud, Clement (grandson), 117 Freud: Darkness amidst Vision (Breger), gender differences, in sexuality, 195, 104, 200, 218 202 Freud, Ernestine “Esti” Drucker gender identity, 47, 60, 121–22 (daughter-in-law), 117, 120 gender relations, 46 Freud, Ernst (son), 27, 117, 120 in Freud marriage, 112–13 Freud, Eva (granddaughter), 117 Freud’s errors in, 53–54 Freud, Henny Fuchs (daughter-in-law), gender roles, 167 117 in Freud family, 113–15, 119, Freud, Jacob (father), 5–8, 25, 105, 161 130–31 death of, 30 Freud on, 48–49, 120–24 as weak, 109, 111 genitals, 45, 56, 126 Freud, Jean Martin (son), 19, 37, 42, genital stage, 46–47, 60 78, 116–17, 120 Gilligan, Carol, 124 Freud, Julius (brother), 105, 108–9 Goethe Prize for literature, 138–39 Freud, Lucian (grandson), 117 Goldwyn, Samuel, 139–40 Freud, Martha Bernays (wife), 51 Graf, Herbert. See Little Hans (case) children of, 112–13, 119, 130 Graf, Max, 165, 211–13 Index 231 guilt, 47 incest, 163 effects of, 72, 99 taboo against, 59, 206 Freud’s, at father’s death, 6–8, 105 Infant Care (U.S. Dept. of Labor), 56 infantile amnesia, 43, 203, 218 Halberstadt, Ernst (grandson), 118 infantile sexuality. See childhood Halberstadt, Heinze (grandson), 35, sexuality 118 infants, 91, 154–55 Halberstadt, Max (son-in-law), 118 inferiority, 47 Hall, C. Stanley, 2–3 Adler on, 74, 216 Hampton, Christopher, 83 Freud’s sense of, 7, 19, 107, 136 Harlow, Harry, 57 of women, 53–54, 120, 209–10 Hartmann, Heinz, 140 Inhibition, Symptoms and Anxiety hate, for mother, 109–10 (Freud), 21–22 health, Freud’s, 5, 65, 210 insecurity, Freud’s, 107 fainting spells, 104–5 instincts, 174 stress-related problems, 104, 138 evaluation of Freud’s theories on, See also cancer 63–64 Heller, Hugo, 211 See also death instinct; libido Heller, Judith Bernays (niece), 109 International Congress of the helplessness, 24, 192 Psychoanalytic Society, 191, 215 anxiety as response to, 21–22, 146 International Psychoanalytic “History of the Psycho-Analytical Association, 215–16 Movement, The” (Freud), 171 International Psychoanalytic Press, 75 Holitscher, Robert (son-in-law), 116 Interpretation of Dreams, The (Freud), homosexuality, 140–44, 187, 203 21, 33, 90, 148–55 Horney, Karen, 123, 145–46 Freud’s self-analysis in, 5–7, 30, human nature, 48–50, 55 156–58 Human Sexual Response (Masters and significance of, 30–31, 202 Johnson), 60 interpretations, 185, 187 hypnosis, 42, 100 acceptance of, 85–86 Breuer using, 15–16 of parapraxes, 189–90 Freud using, 28–29 rejection of Freud’s, 2, 80, 99, 131, limitations of, 95, 128 144, 175–76 hysteria, 42 intimacy, Freud’s Breuer and Freud’s theories on, 3–4, discomfort with, 113–14, 116, 39 119–20, 137–38, 200 cases of, 13–17, 84–89, 95–96, 163 with Fliess, 125 causes of, 16–18, 30, 50, 62–63, Introduction to the Technique of Child 146–47 Analysis, An (Anna Freud), Freud’s interest in, 16, 28 133–34 sexuality in cause of, 30, 39, 195 Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis symptoms in, 201, 204 (Freud), 66 introjection, 72 id “Irma’s injection” dream, 151–54, ego dominating, 92–93, 185 156–58 as limbic area of brain, 61–64, 90–91 in models of the mind, 90–93, 140, James, William, 3–4 147 jealousy idealization, of Fliess, 125, 137, 156–58 Anna’s, 130–31 identification, 92, 95, 141 Freud’s, 110, 112, 115 232 Index

Jews, 219 Freud’s, 115–16, 198, 210 Freud as, 25, 28, 136, 161–62, 171 neuroscience explanation of, 63–64 influence on psychoanalysis, 20, 33, sublimation of, 48–49 162 Lichtheim, Anna, 153 Moses and Monotheism and, 172–73 Lindzey, Gardner, 59 Nazis burning books by, 174–75 literature, 122 psychoanalysis as science of, 77, 79, Freud’s Goethe Prize for, 138–39 162, 212 Freud’s preferences in, 65, 129 See also religion Freud’s publications, 31–32, 190 Johnson, V., 60 (see also specific titles) jokes, 126 Little Hans (case), 164–65 Freud telling, 135, 159 Loeb, Richard, 163–64 unconscious meaning of, 32, 158–60 London, Freud’s exile in, 38, 175 Jokes and Their Relation to the loss Unconscious (Freud), 158–60 effects of, 17, 71–72, 96 Jones, Ernest, 4, 76, 132, 160, 212, 215 fear of, 21–22 support for Freud, 33, 216 Freud’s, 6, 110–11, 118 Jung, Carl, 4, 24–25, 33, 208 love, 110, 174 as dissenter, 73, 76–83, 216–17 as dangerous, 111, 115 on Freud, 11, 182 love objects Freud’s relationship with, 104–5, choice of, 202–3 171, 180, 215 loss of, 21–22, 71 Judaism and, 20, 162 in Oedipus and Electra complexes, legacy of, 82–83, 134 46–47, 59 role in psychoanalysis, 212, 215 Lucy R. (case), 166–67 Jung, Emma, 78 Jung (Bair), 20 Mahler, Margaret, 58 manifest vs. latent content, 2, 153–54 Kagan, Jerome, 53 “Man with the Rats, The” (Freud), 191 Kahane, Max, 211 Marcus, Stephen, 87–88 Kann, Loe, 160 Marid, Ranier, 12 Kardier, Abram, 187, 208–9 masculinity, 167 Katharina (case), 163 masochism, 167 Kohut, Heinz, 137, 188 Masson, Jeffrey, 121, 167–69 Konigstein, Leopold, 66 Masters, W., 60 mastery, sense of, 24 Lahr, John, 83 masturbation, 87 Lampl, Hans, 132 of Anna Freud, 131–32 Lanzer, Ernst. See Rat Man (case) by children, 43–45, 56, 198 latency stage, 46, 60 at phallic stage, 45–46 lectures, Freud’s, 3, 30–31 women’s orgasm and, 47, 60–61, delivery of, 135–36 209–10 at University of Vienna, 34, 66 McCormick, Robert, 163–64 LeDoux, Joseph, 63 medicine, 119 leisure, Freud’s, 65–66 Fliess’s ideas in, 126–27 Leopold, Nathan, 163–64 Freud as doctor of, 27, 38, 51–52 libido, 21, 27, 164 melancholia. See depression evaluation of Freud’s theories on, memories 56–58 of children, 203, 218 Index 233

recovered, 168–69 neuroscience, Freud’s theories on, storage of, 154–55 61–64 of trauma, 17 neurosis, 24, 67, 175, 193 Meynert, Theodor, 27–28 causes of, 50, 202 mind, 27 Freud’s, 11 conflict within, 92–93 obsessional, 191 evaluation of Freud’s theories on, sexuality in cause of, 33, 39, 73–83, 61–64 195, 212 models of, 90–94, 203–5 neurosis, hysterical. See hysteria mistakes. See parapraxes Nietzche, 12 moralism, 49–50, 124 Nunberg, Herman, 213 Morley, Margaret, 56 Moser, Baroness Fanny. See Emmy objects von N. (case) of instincts, 147–48 Moses and Monotheism: Three Essays See also love object (Freud), 171–73 “Observations on Transference Love” “Moses of Michelangelo, The” (Freud), (Freud), 208 171 obsessions and compulsions, 93, 177, mother-child relationships, 44 193 basis of, 57–58 anal retentiveness and, 5, 45 Freud’s, 8–11, 106–11, 136–37 biochemistry of, 177 mothering. See parenting in cases, 190, 218 mothers, 59, 124, 133 of Freud children, 130, 178 Dora’s, 86–87 occult, 11, 77, 127, 178–80 Oedipus complex, 45–47, 73, 94, 124 Freud’s, 7 of Anna Freud, 131–32 homosexuality and, 141–43 in causes of neurosis, 175–76, 216 influence of, 81, 191 evaluation of Freud’s theories on, loss of, 21–22 58–60 motives, 2, 54, 74 Freud expounding, 148, 206 beyond psychic, 54–55 Freud fixated on, 174, 182, 187 expressed through jokes, 158–59 Freud’s, 8–11, 108–10, 180, 182 Freud on, 28, 36, 94 Freud’s development of theory of, 31, See also instincts 181–82 mourning, 71–72 of Little Hans, 164–65 “Mourning and Melancholia” universality of, 174, 181–82, 196 (Freud), 71 Oedipus Rex (Sophocles), 181 Mussolini, Benito, 173 office, Freud’s, 17–18, 23, 37 My Thanks to Freud (Andreas-Salomé), “On Coca” (Freud), 51 13 “On Male Hysteria” (Freud), 28 “On the Abuses of Freud” (Prager), 169 narcissism, 173–74 “On the Psychology and Pathology of Freud’s, 133, 137–38 So-Called Occult Phenomena” Nazis, 20 (Jung), 77 book burnings by, 174–75 On the Psychology of Dementia Praecox Freud family and, 37–38 (Jung), 78 neo-Freudians, 73, 93–94, 146 oral stage, 43–44, 85 neurology, 177 evaluation of Freud’s theories on, Freud studying, 27–28, 38 56–58 neuropeptides, 62–63 See also developmental stage 234 Index

Outline of Psychoanalysis (Freud), 183 primal scene, 182, 218 overdetermination, 102–3 primary process thinking, 91, 148, 205 Profet, Margie, 54 Pankejeff, Sergei. See Wolf Man (case) projection, 67–69 Panksepp, Jaak, 64 psychiatry Pappenheim, Bertha. See Anna O. (case) Freud’s acceptance in, 34–37 parapraxes Freud’s recognition in, 2–3, 32–33 interpretation of, 32, 53, 189–90 Freud’s rejection in, 2–3, 28–30, lapses of repression in, 68 33–34 unconscious meaning of, 31–32 on Freud’s sexuality theory, 176, 182 parent-child relationships psychoanalysis, as therapy transference reenacting, 206–9 of Anna Freud by father, 131–32 See also mother-child relationships applied to shell shock, 34, 201 parenting, 47, 56, 120 contemporary, 47, 188–89 role in homosexuality, 141–43 development of techniques of, as sublimation, 48–49 28–29, 96–97, 100, 166 parents, 44 effectiveness of, 166–67, 176, 191 Freud’s, 5–7, 110 effectiveness with hysterics, 4, 83, in Oedipus and Electra complexes, 88–89 43, 46–47, 59, 94–95 free association in, 100, 128–29 See also fathers; mothers goals of, 142, 185 patients, 186 process of, 148–49, 184–85, 188, analysts’ having relationships with, 206–9 83, 208 variations in, 52, 189 Freud’s, 35, 51, 65, 83–89, 143, 170, psychoanalysis, field of, 12 187–88, 208–9 Anna Freud in, 118, 132–34 penis, 47, 155–56 attacks on, 32, 120–21, 182, 197 penis envy, 45, 54, 143, 145, 209–10 basic concepts of, 3, 31, 148 in Electra complex, 94–95 beginnings of, 16–17, 39 feminists’ rejection of, 120–21 development of, 30–31, 78–79, periodicity, Fliess’s theories of, 126–27, 103, 217 179 dissenters in, 73–83, 174, 182, 212, personality, Freud’s, 31, 82, 107, 134–36 214, 216–17 personality disorders, 186 Freud’s definition of, 184 Pert, Candace, 62–63 Freud’s lectures on, 2–3, 66 perversions, 43, 44, 53, 167 Freud’s recognition for, 32–33 homosexuality as, 142, 144 Freud’s response to dissenters in, pessimism, Freud’s, 34–36, 48, 54–55 137–38, 182, 215–17 phallic stage, 45–46 increasing acceptance of, 3–4, phantom pregnancies, 13, 16 32–36, 148 Phillips, Adam, 139, 190 influences on, 33, 162 physiology, 26–27 as “Jewish science,” 20, 33, 77, 79, Pichler, Hans, 37, 39 162, 212 Plato, 48, 126 Jung’s, 33, 82–83 pleasure principle, 24, 205 women’s psychology and, 122–24, Prager, Jeffrey, 169 145–46 preconscious, in Freud’s model of the “Psycho-Analysis and Telepathy” mind, 90, 203–5 (Freud), 180 pregnancy, 199 psychoanalytic institutes, 35 phantom, 13, 16 Psychoanalytic Society, 76 Index 235

“Psychogenesis of a Case of Reproduction of Mothering and the Homosexuality in a Woman” Sociology of Gender, The (Freud), 142 (Chodorow), 124 psychology, 2–3, 183 resistance, 204 “Psychology for Neurologists” (Freud), Freud challenging, 175–76 183 interpretations of, 185–86 psychopathology, 53, 176–77 to remembering, 98–99 Psychopathology of Everyday Life, The Rie, Otto, 151–52, 154 (Freud), 31–32, 178–79, 189–90 Rilkin, Franz, 105 psychosis, Jung’s, 81–82 Rivers, W. H. R., 201 psychotherapy Riviere, Joan, 135 analysis compared to other, 75, Roazen, Paul, 113 185–86 Rolland, Romain, 47–48 “chimney sweeping” technique as, Romantics, 49–50 13, 15–16 Rosanes, Ignaz, 157 Freud’s legacy in, 52 Freud using hypnosis as, 28–29 Sachs, Hanns, 135, 145, 211–12, 216 See also psychoanalysis, as therapy sadism, 45, 167 puberty, 46–47, 60 Salpêtrière Hospital, 28, 42 Putnam, James Jackson, 4 Sapolsky, Robert, 71 schizophrenia, 78–79, 81 Rank, Otto, 74, 216 Schnitzler, Arthur, 194 as dissenter, 73, 216–17 Schur, Max, 67, 106–7 Vienna Psychoanalytical Society science, 27, 183 and, 211, 213, 215 psychoanalysis as, 55, 182–83 rationalization, 69–70 secondary process thinking, 91, 148 Rat Man (case), 191–92, 207 Second Sex, The (de Beauvoir), 120–21 reaction formation, 69 seduction, hysteria and, 84–89, 163 reality, fantasies and, 91, 167–69 seduction theory, 194–97 reality principle, 91, 174 evolution of, 29, 167–69 recovered memories, 168–69 response to, 29–30, 121 regression, 70, 154–55 seeking drive, 63–64 Reitler, Rudolf, 211 self, 71, 122–23 relationships self-analysis, Freud’s, 5–11, 30, 105, reliving in therapy, 75 182, 215 template for, 208 self-confidence, Freud’s, 106 relationships, Freud’s self-esteem impairment of, 107–8 of Anna Freud, 130–31 See also Freud family; friends, Freud’s defense mechanisms and, 69–70 religion self-psychology, 137, 188 Freud’s, 19, 112, 161 (see also Jews, self-regulation, 40–41, 54, 57, 91 Freud as) sensitivity, Freud’s, 55, 138 Freud’s theories on, 4, 20, 48, separation, 75 192–93, 196–97 fort-da game symbolizing, 23–24 See also Jews; spirituality Freud’s fear of, 11, 21, 107, 111, repetition compulsion, 24, 193–94, 208 136–37 repression, 46, 204 sexual abuse causes of, 21–22, 68 recovered memories of, 168–69 effects of, 21, 36, 53, 62, 99, 163, vs. seduction fantasies, 167–68, 175–76 194–95 236 Index sexuality, 29, 50, 182 Studies on Hysteria (Breuer and Freud), aggression and, 45, 167 16–17, 29, 39 anxiety about, 22, 175–76 cases in, 95, 99–103, 163, 166–67 expressed through jokes, 158–59 significance of, 147 Freud’s, 108–10, 115–16, 197–200 sublimation, 48–49, 70, 199–200 in genital stage, 46–47 superego hysteria and, 84–89 in Freud’s model of the mind, 90, importance of, 94, 216 92–93 life instincts expressed through, 36 gender differences in, 124, 146 in Rat Man case, 190–91 superstitions, Freud’s, 127, 178–80 repression of, 50, 175–76 symbolism role in neurosis, 33, 39, 73–83, in dreams, 53, 150, 153–56 175–76, 195, 212 in jokes, 159 sublimation of, 48–49 Symbols of Transformation (Jung), 81 of women, 29, 60–61, 202, 209–10 Symposium, The (Plato), 48, 126 See also childhood sexuality; symptoms seduction theory; sexuality theory, interpretations of, 97–98, 102–3, Freud’s 204–5 “Sexuality in the Aetiology of the purpose of, 97, 191 Neuroses” (Freud), 200 treatment of, 28–29, 176 sexuality theory, Freud’s, 194–97 evolution of, 31, 217 taboos, 59, 62, 206 response to, 3, 32–34, 176 talking cure, evolution of, 15–16, 29 See also seduction theory; Three Talking Cure, The (play), 83 Essays on the Theory of Sexuality Tausk, Victor, 12, 211 shell shock, 34, 200–201 telepathy, 180 sibling rivalry, Freud’s, 8–10, 108–10 Thanatos. See death instinct society, 206 therapeutic relationship, 128, 185–88 influence on Freud’s theories, 49–50 See also transference influence on psychosexual therapy. See psychoanalysis, as therapy; development, 58–59 psychotherapy sublimation and, 48, 70 Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality Society for Psychiatry and Neurology (Freud), 21, 32, 141, 167, 201–3 (Vienna), 30 on sexuality of girls, 209–10 Solms, Mark, 64 toilet training, 58, 130 Sophocles, 181 anal character and, 4–5, 44–45 Spielrein, Sabina, 83 topographical model, of the mind, spirituality 203–5 Jung’s interest in, 77, 80–82 Totem and Taboo (Freud), 59, 205–6 See also religion transference, 16, 206–9 Spitz, René, 56–57 development of theory of, 88 splitting, 50, 71, 122 to Freud, 79, 88, 143 Jung’s, 77, 82 interpretations of, 185, 188 stages, psychosexual. See lacking in self-analysis, 215 developmental stages as repetition compulsion, 193–94 Standard Edition, The (Freud), 190 trauma, 24 Starr, Moses Allen, 33–34 birth as, 21, 75–76 Steiner, Maximilian, 214 catharsis of, 41–42 Stekel, Wilhelm, 211 in causes of hysteria, 17, 63, 163, Strachey, James, 190 195 Index 237

defenses against, 67–70 as sexually repressive, 29, 43, 50, 56, primal scene as, 182, 218 140 shell shock as, 201 Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, 73, Trauma of Birth, The (Rank), 75–76 210–17 travel See also Wednesday Psychological Freud family vacations, 66 Society Freud’s fear of, 104, 107 Viennese Society of Physicians, 28, Trilling, Lionel, 118 29–30 trust Vital Touch, The (Heller), 57 development of, 47, 58 Freud’s lack of, 107–8 Walter, Bruno, 188 Wednesday Psychological Society, 33, unconscious, 28, 95 40, 65–66, 75 accessing, 31–32, 103, 189–90 See also Vienna Psychoanalytic interpretations of, 148, 185, 188 Society in models of the mind, 90, 203–5 Weiss, Edoardo, 173, 212 motivations and, 2, 54–55 Weiss, Ilona. See Elisabeth von R. (case) response to Freud’s theories on, Weygandt, Wilhelm, 33 61–63, 196–97 “What Freud Got Right” (Newsweek), University of Vienna, 34, 66 61 Unstable Ideas: Temperament, Cognition White, William Alanson, 36 and Self (Kagan), 53 Whiting, John, 59 Urbantschistsch, Rudolf von, 214 wishes in dreams, 53, 150, 153–55 vagina fulfillment through dreams, 149–52 dream symbols for, 155–56 Wolf Man (case), 18, 217–18 orgasm of, 47, 60–61, 209–10 womb, 146 vasectomy, Freud’s, 210 women Victorian era inferiority of, 53–54, 120, 123 hysteria in, 50, 146–47 sexuality of, 29, 60–61, 202, 209–10 influence on Freud’s theories, 49–50, World War I, 34, 200–201 120–24 worthlessness, Freud’s sense of, 7, 107 response to Freud’s theories and, 31–32, 42–43, 56, 195–96 Zionism, 219